scholarly journals Legge morale e legge civile a difesa dell’uomo in Giovanni Paolo II

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Palazzani
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Moral Pluralism ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Law And Ethics

L’autore analizza nella prospettiva della filosofia del diritto la questione del rapporto tra diritto e morale nella Evangelium Vitae. In particolare si sofferma ad analizzare le teorie che tematizzano la neutralità del diritto (nella pretesa di separare il diritto dalla morale pluralistica), quali la teoria liberalelibertaria che identifica il diritto con la garanzia dell’autonomia individuale e la teoria democratico-procedurale che fa coincidere il diritto con il voto di maggioranza. Giovanni Paolo II critica i percorsi postmoderni del diritto, riprendendo sul piano filosofico e teologico la dottrina del diritto naturale (in contrapposizione al giuspositivismo), che riconosce nell’uomo i diritti inviolabili e la dignità intrinseca. Nell’orizzonte giusnaturalista, esiste un dovere morale da parte del cittadino a criticare e a non obbedire alle leggi ingiuste e da parte del giurista e del politico ad operare per abrogare, riformarle e riformularle, al fine di adeguare il diritto positivo alle esigenze intrinseche della natura umana. ---------- The author analysis the question of the relation between law and ethics in Evangelium Vitae in the perspective of the philosophy of law. In particular, it focuses on the theories that speak about neutrality of law (separating law from moral pluralism), such as libertarian-liberalism which identifies law with individual autonomy and procedural democracy which identifies law with opinions of majority. John Paul II criticizes postmodern patterns of law, reaffirming on philosophical and theological level the doctrine of natural law (against legal positivism) which recognises in human being the inviolable rights and intrinsic dignity. In this perspective, there is a moral duty on the part of citizen to criticize and not to obey to unjust laws and on the part of jurist and politician to work for an abolition, reform and reformulation of law, to adequate positive law to the intrinsic instances of human nature.

scholarly journals Human Rights and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Jean Rhéaume
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Positive Law

At least two important consequences follow from the fact that human rights are based on human nature. First, they exist according to natural law even in cases where positive law does not recognize them. Secondly, they cannot evolve because the nature and purpose of the human being does not change: only their formulation and level of protection in positive law can vary according to the socio-historical context.

Planning Positivism and Planning Natural Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jay Stone
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Theory Of Law

Scott Shapiro offers an elaboration and defense of “legal positivism,” in whichthe official acceptance of a planfigures as the central explanatory notion. Rich in both ambition and insight,Legalitycasts an edifying new light on the structure of positive law and its officialdom. As a defense of positivism, however, it exhibits the odd feature that its main claims will prove quite acceptable to the natural lawyer. Perhaps this betokens – what many have begun to suspect anyway – that our usual tests for classifying legal theories (as positivist or not) are, in the present state of discussion, no longer credible. In any case, my hope in the following remarks is to suggest how certain ambiguities inLegalitymight easily be resolved in favor of PlanningNatural Law. The Planning Theory of Law, in other words, is not proprietary to positivism.

Leon Petrażycki jako twórca nowej teorii prawa naturalnego

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Maria Szyszkowska
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Variable Content ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Way

Petrażycki’s philosophy of law remains significant in the 21st century and adheres to the concept of democracy as a system characterized by ideological pluralism. Leon Petrażycki is often mistakenly included in legal positivism. Alike Rudolf Stammler, he is the creator of the theory of natural law of with variable content. The essential necessity of ideals in the life of individuals and society demonstrated by Petrażycki is very important because the ideals perfect the human psyche. Petrażycki’s view indicating the importance of consciousness is significant beyond other scientific disciplines. All legal regulations depend on its level of development, and determine the way of management.

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF FILOSOFIS KONSEP KEKUASAAN DISKRESI PEMERINTAH

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Krishna Djaya Darumurti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Philosophical Issue ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Higher Law ◽  
Principle Of Legality ◽  
Better Than

AbstrakArtikel ini menganalisis isu filosofis tentang konsep kekuasaan diskresi pemerintah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa teori hukum alam lebih memadai dibandingkan teori positivism yuridis dalam menjustifikasi dasar filosofis kekuasaan diskresi pemerintah. Dengan kekuasaan diskresi yang dimiliki, pemerintah adakalanya dapat bertindak menyimpangi undang-undang atau asas legalitas. Oleh karena itu, supaya terlegitimasi, tindakan demikian memerlukan justifikasi filosofis yang memadai. Teori hukum alam menjustifikasi kekuasaan diskresi pemerintah dengan mengajukan klaim bahwa diskresi adalah tuntutan hukum yang lebih tinggi dari hukum positif.AbstractThis article analyses the philosophical issue of the concept of discretionary power of the government. It is argued that natural law theory is better than legal positivism theory to justify the philosophical underpinning of the discretionary power of government. By its discretionary power, the government sometimes can take an action contrary to laws or legislation or principle of legality. To be legitimate, this action needs sufficient philosophical justification. Natural law theory justifies discretionary power of government by claiming that discretion is the demand of the higher law that is higher than the positive law.

scholarly journals “A Comunidade Internacional e o Direito”/"The International Community and the Right"

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-262
Author(s):  
Norberto Bobbio
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
International Community ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peace And War

Resumo: O texto consiste numa ampla resenha crítica escrita pelo filósofo italiano Norberto Bobbio sobre o livro La comunità internazionale e il diritto [A comunidade internacional e o direito] (1950) de Mario Giuliano, na qual são discutidas essencialmente questões clássicas da filosofia do direito internacional, como a contraposição entre jusnaturalismo e juspositivismo, a natureza do direito internacional, a contraposição entre internacionalismo e cosmopolitismo, a reforma do direito internacional, a reforma da comunidade internacional, os temas da paz e da guerra, a cientificidade do direito internacional, a contraposição entre direito internacional e direito estatual e o tema do pacifismo. Palavras-chave: Mario Giuliano, direito internacional, comunidade internacional, internacionalismo, pacifismo. Abstract: This paper is a comprehensive critical review written by the Italian philosopher Norberto Bobbio on the book La comunità internazionale e il diritto [The international community and the right] (1950) by Mario Giuliano, which are discussed essentially classical questions of philosophy of law international, as the opposition between natural law and positive law, the nature of international law, the opposition between internationalism and cosmopolitanism, the reform of international law, the reform of the international community, the issues of peace and war, the scientificity of international law, opposition between international law and estatual rights and the issue of pacifism.Keywords: Mario Giuliano, international law, international community, internationalism, pacifism 

6. Hermeneutics and law

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Democratic Ideal ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
John Austin

‘Hermeneutics and law’ begins with natural law in Greco-Roman culture and God’s moral law of Christendom. It then explains legal positivism as espoused by John Austin (1790–1859) and the more democratic ideal of Herbert L. A. Hart (1907–92). For Hart, society operates two sets of legal rules: primary rules that tell us not to steal or not to kill, and secondary rules ‘of recognition’ by which primary positive law is recognized and applied in a regulated manner. Critics of legal positivism—legal realism and natural law—are discussed, before concluding that a legal judgment involves more than the mere application of rules. To judge is to interpret.

scholarly journals Problemas que uma característica essencial dos direitos humanos apresenta para a filosofia do direito

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Hervada
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Positive Law

RESUMOEste artigo apresenta a reivindicação, por parte dos direitos humanos, da sua condição anterior ao direito positivo e as oposições por eles sofridas no âmbito da filosofia do direito. Considerando-se as diversas ocasiões e teorias em que se contemplou uma dimensão jurídica natural anterior à dimensão estritamente positiva do direito, busca-se arrazoar a necessidade de concebê-lo de forma a abranger também a realidade dos direitos humanos. Observam-se, ainda, as condições de existência dos direitos humanos e da personalidade jurídica diante das noções natural e cultural do direito, a fim de que não somente se resolvam as frequentes inconsistências teóricas, mas também que se reconheçam os direitos humanos como realidade ligada à própria dignidade humana.PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireitos humanos. Filosofia do direito. Direito natural. Direito cultural. Personalidade jurídica. ABSTRACTThis article presents the claim by human rights on its preceding condition in relation to positive law and the opposition it experiences in the field of philosophy of law. Considering several occasions and theories in which natural law, as a universe preceding strict positive law, has been contemplated, the article attempts to reason on the necessity of conceiving law in a way of encompassing the reality of human rights as well. The conditions of existence of human rights and legal personality in accordance to the naturalistic and cultural notions of law are also observed in order not only to solve theoretical inconsistencies but also to recognize human rights as a reality connected to human dignity itself.KEYWORDSHuman rights. Philosophy of law. Natural law. Cultural law. Legal personality.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE FULL LEGAL PROTECTION OF REFUGEES AND ITS LIMITATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO NATURAL AND POSITIVE LAW

Obiter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Callixte Kavuro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Security ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Positive Law

This article seeks to explore the limitation of the theory of full legal protection by illustrating with facts that the theory does not lack legal force, but rather that various concepts such as citizenship, national security, sovereignty, affirmative action, legal positivism, and democratic governance severely limit the application of theory. In particular, the limitation of full legal protection is analysed through the lens of legal positivism and the natural law doctrines whereby it is argued that the laws of South Africa are framed in the context of legal positivism which does not take cognisance of the moral values on which the natural law doctrine is based. As a result, the full legal protection of constitutional rights of refugees remains in theory. In order to convert this theory into an effective protection, it is argued that although the state has the power inherent in its sovereignty to design and frame laws as it deems best, South Africa should, with the natural law in mind, develop social transformative or remedial measures in such a way that extends constitutional socio-economic rights to refugees in a more favourable way. The article concludes by suggesting the manner in which the severe limitations imposed on the concept of full legal protection can conceptually and rationally be addressed.

scholarly journals Funciones normativas y voluntad de signo

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (44) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto J. Vernengo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Empirical Expression ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship

Legal philosophers and logicians study problems related to the syntactical and semantical aspects of norms, without worrying about the ilocutionary aspects of their use. With Kelsen 's posthumous work, the Allgemeine Theorie der Normen, and the new preoccupations of deontic logicians, it seems that what is called the "normative functions" of norms are becoming a central point of the discussions between logicians and philosophers of law and moralists. Traditionally, the ilocutionary aspects of norms has been construed as the question of the empirical manifestation of the will, as it is suppossed that every norm expresses somebody's will. Nevertheless, that thesis -although traditional in legal and moral thought- implies some metaphysical presuppositions concerning the ontological status of what is called "the will" which must be brought to light if jurisprudence is going to attain a modern scientific approach. In Kelsen's work it seems clear that the relationship between das Sollen and das Wollen is where that old metaphysical idea regains strength. It can be found in Thomas Aquinas -and the c1assicalscholastics- a sort of theory on the empirical expression of acts of will, know as signa voluntatis, which keeps close and analogy with the normative functions of modern jurisprudence. Perhaps the theory of positive law, as manifestation of signa voluntatis, would establish a bridge between modern legal positivism and some forms of classical natural law.

The Political Jurisprudence of Thomas Hobbes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Legal Positivist ◽  
Political Right

What is the significance of Thomas Hobbes’ contribution to jurisprudence? Although often treated as a founder of the dominant modern school of legal positivism, positivists remain embarrassed by the prominence he gives to natural law. This chapter maintains that rather than arguing about whether he is a natural lawyer or a legal positivist, scholars should consider how he drew a clear distinction between natural law and positive law for the purpose of crafting a rich, ambitious, and comprehensive science of law. The chapter’s basic thesis is that Hobbes is engaged in the task of constructing a science of ‘political right’.

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