scholarly journals Historical public health in central Europe with special reference to Hungary. Long-term environmental effects of a historical cataclysm

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Csaba Varga ◽  
István Ember ◽  
Edit Murányi ◽  
István Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Central European ◽  
Central European Region

<p class="Abstract">Hungary, in the centre of Carpathian Basin grapples with numerous challenges in order to improve catastrophic indices of environmental conditions of the country, as well as the state of health of the population. Some of these problems are subjects of financial and health policy, and can be solved internally. The remaining environmental problems can only be remedied by cooperation with neighbouring younger countries. This vitally important cooperation is hampered by severe historical conflicts burdening even the present political affiliations. The authors give a short introduction and explanation of the recent sensitive situation in this Central European region, as a late consequence of an historical cataclysm happened more than nine decades ago.</p>

scholarly journals NATIVIST AND ANTI-LIBERAL NARRATIVES IN CONSERVATIVE POPULIST AGENDA IN CENTRAL EUROPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-304
Author(s):  
Ladislav Cabada
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Central European ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

Abstract. Nativism does not only present a concept, but also an ideological framework as well as a political practice related to identity politics. In the article we firstly present the theoretical reflection of nativism and operationalise the most important terms and characteristics of this phenomenon. Later, we apply the concept of nativism to the analysis of conservative populist and/or nativist political actors in the Central European region. The analysis shows how nativism, as a relatively peripheral issue in the first 10–15 years after the democratic transition, became stronger in the next period characterised by a set of crises after 2008. The analysis demonstrates how the mainstream parties in Central Europe adopted the nativist and conservative populist agenda and implemented it into mainstream politics. Furthermore, the analysis shows how Central European nativism correlates with the long-term existence of antiliberal streams that were revitalised after the fall of Communist regimes. These anti-modern societal groups were reformulated as the counter-cosmopolitan camp within the polarisation process that is clearly visible in the political arena. Keywords: nativism; national conservatism; identity politics; Central Europe

Migrants help keep Central European populists in power

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

Subject Populists' exploitation of the refugee crisis in Central Europe. Significance Support for populist parties has risen after last year's refugee crisis across the EU, but nowhere have they been as successful as in Central Europe (CE). Peddling migrant fears has secured the re-election of Robert Fico's Smer (Slovakia) and the revival of Viktor Orban's Fidesz (Hungary) from a post-election popularity slump. On the back of the migration tide, populists are transforming CE's political trajectory. Impacts A united CE front will gain prominence at the EU, stoking tensions with Berlin on migration policy and the future of EU integration. The strengthened legitimacy of illiberal positions on migration will foster the emergence of imitators elsewhere in Europe. The chance of an EU-level, long-term solution to the refugee crisis will remain slim in the medium term.

The Wages of Continuity: Health Policy Under the SNP

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Greer ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
Peter D. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities

In government, the SNP has accentuated stability, public provision, and integration in health care and focused energy and patience in neglected ‘Cinderella’ policy areas such as mental health, public health, and health inequalities. This approach is not dissimilar to the policies of previous devolved Scottish governments. It makes Scotland an unusual kind of NHS system- one with stability and long-term focus on issues that are not obvious political winners. The SNP's successes in health come from building on, holding firm to, and developing this distinctively Scottish style of health policy.

scholarly journals A cohort perspective on the fertility postponement transition and low fertility in Central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Šprocha ◽  
Pavol Tišliar ◽  
Luděk Šídlo
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
The Postponement

Abstract Fertility postponement and the concomitant decline in fertility levels are the most prominent trends in the demographic behaviours of the former Eastern Bloc countries in Central Europe. A number of studies have analysed period fertility development but the cohort perspective is often neglected. The postponement transition has evolved over a long time span and affected many cohorts, so the cohort approach is appropriate for studying long-term changes in fertility tempo and quantum. A cohort analysis engenders an analysis in detail of the onset, dynamics and ultimate extent of this process. Using the cohort benchmark model, we have been able to pinpoint differences in postponement and recuperation levels and have combined it with projection scenarios. Thus we have been able to model the hypothetical trajectory of the completed cohort fertility rate. Our analysis highlights differences in the timing of the onset of the postponement transition, its trajectory and extent, as well as in the recuperation of postponed childbearing. These findings suggest differences in completed fertility across the selected four Central European countries are likely to continue and perhaps increase.

scholarly journals Tors in Central European Mountains – are they indicators of past environments?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Central European ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
European Mountains

Abstract Tors represent one of the most characteristic landforms in the uplands and mountains of Central Europe, including the Sudetes, Czech-Moravian Highlands, Šumava/Bayerischer Wald, Fichtelgebirge or Harz. These features occur in a range of lithologies, although granites and gneisses are particularly prone to tor formation. Various models of tor formation and development have been presented, and for each model the tors were thought to have evolved under specific environmental conditions. The two most common theories emphasised their progressive emergence from pre-Quaternary weathering mantles in a two-stage scenario, and their development across slopes under periglacial conditions in a one-stage scenario. More recently, tors have been analysed in relation to ice sheet extent, the selectivity of glacial erosion, and the preservation of landforms under ice. In this paper we describe tor distribution across Central Europe along with hypotheses relating to their formation and development, arguing that specific evolutionary histories are not supported by unequivocal evidence and that the scenarios presented were invariably model-driven. Several examples from the Sudetes are presented to demonstrate that tor morphology is strongly controlled by lithology and structure. The juxtaposition of tors of different types is not necessarily evidence that they differ in their mode of origin or age. Pathways of tor remodelling and degradation under subaerial conditions are identified and it is argued that processes of tor formation and development are ongoing. Thus, tors are not reliable indicators of past environments, because they are considerably influenced by both geological factors, such as lithology and structure, and geomorphological factors such as hillslope setting..

Juridical Equality

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Central European ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
East And West

This chapter details how the Jews of the Holy Roman Empire constituted the central European region of emancipation. Some historians would contend that the Holy Roman Empire's “archaic, traditionalist constitution created a society that tolerated religious and ethnic differences to a far greater degree than the more centralized states of Western Europe”; in other words, “early modern central Europe was a pluralistic, complex society more tolerant of differences than England, France or Spain.” Whether this observation is accurate or not, it concerns toleration, not parity. Jews in the Holy Roman Empire fell behind Jews to the east and west in their political status. They gained neither collective corporate privileges nor the civic rights of emerging civil societies. To be sure, their juridical equality in the courts of the Holy Roman Empire marked a significant elevation in status. The Court Jews' extensive individual privileges were also an elevation in status, yet only for a miniscule elite. In sum, Jews in the Holy Roman Empire did not keep pace with their brethren east and west, thus making the transition to emancipation, when it came, a painful rupture.

Environmental Conditions of Percid Waters in Central Europe

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1586-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Biotic Characteristics

A brief review of the limnology of central European waters indicated that, except for calcium in the bottom sediments, mesotrophic lakes were intermediate in nutrient concentrations between oligotrophic and eutrophic waters. Other biotic characteristics also attained maxima in mesotrophic lakes. For example, the existence of distinctive phytoplankton, invertebrate, and fish communities, implied certain qualitative properties of mesotrophic waters rather than only quantitative intermediacy on the oligotrophic–eutrophic cline. These properties, in part, represent some aspects of percid habitat that differ from those of other fish communities. Key words: Percidae, algae, bottom sediments, cultural effects, eutrophication, limnology, mesotrophy, trophic levels, primary production

scholarly journals The perspectives for genetically modified cellulosic biofuels in the Central European conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blahova ◽  
K. Janda ◽  
L. Kristoufek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuels ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Genetic Modifications

This paper connects the biofuels literature with the genetic modifications literature by considering the potential of genetic modifications for increasing the efficiency of the cellulosic biofuels production. This is done for one particular case through analyzing the effect of genetically modified corn adoption on the overall yields of corn for silage. Our econometric model confirms that the use of genetically modified corn with the inserted MON810 gene increases the overall corn biomass yield in the production and environmental conditions of the Central Europe, in particular in the Czech Republic. &nbsp;

Course of Illness and Predictors of Outcome in Chronic Schizophrenia: Implications for Pathophysiology

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (S18) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Breier ◽  
Judith L. Schreiber ◽  
Janyce Dyer ◽  
David Pickar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Course Of Illness

Two critically important areas of research are the long-term course of illness and predictors of outcome in chronic schizophrenia. Although these two areas have been actively investigated throughout the 20th century, there is still a lack of agreement about even basic features of the long-term outcome of schizophrenia as well as a lack of validating evidence for putative predictors of outcome. Determining the long-term outcome of schizophrenia has implications for the pathophysiology and public health policy of this illness. For example, a course of illness that is marked by progressive deterioration may suggest a degenerative disease process, whereas a course that remains stable or improves over time may be more consistent with non-degenerative hypotheses such as neurodevelopmental, infectious, or toxic processes. In terms of public health policy, the allocation of resources related to issues such as community-based versus hospital-based care will be heavily influenced by knowledge of the level of chronicity and impairment associated with schizophrenia throughout the lifetime of affected individuals. Validation of predictors of outcome will have immediate clinical relevance, as well as providing support for pathophysiological hypotheses.

scholarly journals Anytime? Anywhere? The seasonality of flight offers in Central Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kraft ◽  
Denisa Havlíková
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Central European ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
Unique Source

Abstract Air transport can be considered as the most dynamic transport mode during recent decades. It is an important but also responsive indicator of global social, economic, political and cultural cooperation in different areas. For this reason, air transport is a unique source of various aspects of international relations. The principal goal of this study is an analysis of seasonality in the offer of flights in Central Europe during 2014, considering the different positions and functions of the airports within the air transport system. Ten airports from the Central European region are monitored in the analysis in terms of fluctuations in flight offers and offered destinations. A synthesis of these patterns is presented as a typology of the surveyed airports using the Ossan triangle. This paper clearly shows the different patterns of the spatial and temporal organization of air transport in Central Europe.

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