scholarly journals Novel risk factors of cardiovascular disease and their associations between obesity, physical activity and physical fitness

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan S. Buchan ◽  
Non E. Thomas ◽  
Julien S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Novel Risk Factors ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing around the globe and is the leading cause of death around the world. Though once thought of as an adult problem, it is now recognised that the early manifestations of disease may occur during childhood. Numerous risk factors have been linked to CVD with much of the research focusing on understanding the prevalence and relationship of traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, psychosocial stress, poor diet, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption to the early etiology of disease. While this line of investigation has greatly enhanced our understanding of the relationship between these risk factors and disease, they do not fully explain all cardiovascular events. To enhance our understanding and help with the management of CVD, investigations that involve the measurement of traditional as well as novel risk factors may be necessary. Public health strategies that aim to reduce the prevalence of obesity and overweight encourage youth to increase their physical activity levels as a means of protecting against poor cardiometabolic profiles. Interventions that increase physical activity levels and improve cardiorespiratory fitness cause a reduction in certain CVD risk factors but the lack of agreement between findings makes it impossible to give precise recommendations that will ensure CVD risk reduction. Yet it is important that research continues in order to establish the most appropriate means of improving the health and well-being of those at most risk of future CVD.

Are teenagers at risk for developing cardiovascular disease in later life?

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kameel Mungrue ◽  
Azizah Fyzul ◽  
Starnella Ramroop ◽  
Tyler Persad ◽  
Amrika Asgarali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to measure the occurrences of the following risk factors: tobacco use, levels of physical activity, levels of physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents in Trinidad. Methods: A two-stage random sampling process was used to select schools and students. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire and included age, gender, ethnicity, tobacco use, levels of physical activity, levels of physical inactivity, BMI, and frequency of fast food consumption. Results: Overall, 44.6% of the 1896 adolescents already had more than two risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The most prevalent risk factor was the consumption of fast food (79.8%), while the least was smoking (12.0%). Out of the 75.4% physically active students, 47.6% spent more than 30 min in daily physical activity. In addition, 30.4% of the study population was overweight and obese, with the majority being 14 years of age (p=0.003). Overall, the overweight and obese students spent a significant amount of time watching television, playing video/computer games and talking on the phone, and frequently consumed fast food (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study found a significant number of teenagers in Trinidad presenting with more than two risk factors that may lead to CVD. Based on previous research, these findings have undoubtedly placed the students well within the models used to predict heart disease later in life.

scholarly journals Sleep Deficiency and Deprivation Leading to Cardiovascular Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kohansieh ◽  
Amgad N. Makaryus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Sleep Deficiency

Sleep plays a vital role in an individual’s mental, emotional, and physiological well-being. Not only does sleep deficiency lead to neurological and psychological disorders, but also the literature has explored the adverse effects of sleep deficiency on the cardiovascular system. Decreased quantity and quality of sleep have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We explore the literature correlating primary sleep deficiency and deprivation as a cause for cardiovascular disease and cite endothelial dysfunction as a common underlying mechanism.

Physical activity less than the recommended amount may prevent the onset of major biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 198 919 adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martinez-Gomez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
Esther Lopez-Garcia ◽  
Esther García-Esquinas ◽  
Kabir P Sadarangani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia

ObjectivesWe examined the dose–response relationship between physical activity (PA) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults in Taiwan.MethodsThis study included 1 98 919 participants, aged 18–97 years, free of CVD, cancer and diabetes at baseline (1997–2013), who were followed until 2016. At baseline, participants were classified into five PA levels: inactive’ (0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week), ‘lower insufficiently active’ (0.1–3.75 MET-h/week), ‘upper insufficiently active’ (3.75–7.49 MET-h/week), ‘active’ (7.5–14.99 MET-h/week) and ‘highly active’ (≥15 MET-h/week]. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline and at follow-up by physical examination and laboratory tests. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for the main confounders.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 6.0±4.5 years (range 0.5–19 years), 20 447 individuals developed obesity, 19 619 hypertension, 21 592 hypercholesterolaemia, 14 164 atherogenic dyslipidaemia, 24 275 metabolic syndrome and 8548 type 2 diabetes. Compared with inactive participants, those in the upper insufficiently active (but not active) category had a lower risk of obesity (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95), atherogenic dyslipidaemia (0.96; 0.90 to 0.99), metabolic syndrome (0.95; 0.92 to 0.99) and type 2 diabetes (0.91; 0.86 to 0.97). Only highly active individuals showed a lower incidence of CVD risk factors than their upper insufficiently active counterparts.ConclusionCompared with being inactive, doing half the recommended amount of PA is associated with a lower incidence of several common biological CVD risk factors. Given these benefits, half the recommended amount of PA is an evidence based target for inactive adults.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Mukhopadhay ◽  
Anindya Mukherjee ◽  
Dibbendhu Khanra ◽  
Biaus Samanta ◽  
Avik Karak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country. Aim To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India. Methods 433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio. Results 39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (β = 0.755) contributed the most. Conclusions High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.

Abstract P345: Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Death using Multiple Biomarkers in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon K Musani ◽  
Ramachandran Vasan ◽  
Aurelian Bidulescu ◽  
Jung Lee ◽  
Gregory Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Reclassification ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background: The usefulness of biomarkers from different biologic pathways for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among African Americans is not well understood. Methods: We evaluated prospectively 3,102 Jackson Heart Study participants (mean age 54 years; 64% women) with data on a panel of 9 biomarkers representing inflammation (high sensitivity C - reactive protein), adiposity (adiponectin, leptin), neurohormonal activation (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP], aldosterone, and cortisol); insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and endothelial function (endothelin and homocysteine). We used Cox proportional hazard regression to relate the biomarker panel to the incidence of CVD (stroke, coronary heart disease, angina, heart failure and intermittent claudication) adjusting for standard CVD risk factors. Results: On follow-up (median 8.2 years), 224 participants (141 women) experienced a first CVD event, and 238 (140 women) died. Circulating concentrations of aldosterone, BNP and HOMA-IR were associated with CVD (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] per standard deviation (SD) increase in log-biomarker) were, respectively 1.15, (95% CI 1.01-1.30, p=0.016), 1.97, (95% CI 1.22-2.41, p<0.0001), and 1.30, (95% CI 1.10-1.52, p=0.0064). Blood cortisol and homocysteine were associated with death (HR per SD increment log-biomarker, respectively, 1.17, (95% CI 1.01-1.35, p=0.042), and 1.24, (95% CI 1.10-1.40, pvalue=0.0005). Biomarkers improved risk reclassification by 0.135; 0.120 of which was gained in classification of participants that experienced CVD events and 0.015 from participants that did not. Also, biomarkers marginally increased the model c-statistic beyond traditional risk factors. Conclusions: In our community-based sample of African Americans, circulating aldosterone, BNP and HOMA-IR predicted CVD risk, whereas serum cortisol and homocysteine predicted death. However, the incremental yield of biomarkers over traditional risk factors for risk prediction was minimal.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Psychological Well-being and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults During the Nationwide Lockdown in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1146-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Carriedo ◽  
José A. Cecchini ◽  
Javier Fernandez-Rio ◽  
Antonio Méndez-Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Changing Trends in the Prevalence and Disparities of Obesity and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of USA Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila X. Romero ◽  
Tomas E. Romero ◽  
Judith C. Shlay ◽  
Lorraine G. Ogden ◽  
Dana Dabelea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Objectives. To examine trends in the prevalence and disparities of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the major race/ethnic groups in the USA: non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), and Mexican Americans (MAs).Methods. We used cross-sectional trend analysis in women and men aged 25–84 years participating in the NHANES surveys, years 1988–1994 (n=14,341) and 1999–2004 (n=12,360).Results. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension increased significantly in NHW and NHB, both in men and women; NHB had the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension in each time period. Diabetes prevalence showed a nonsignificant increasing trend in all groups and was higher in MA in both periods. Smoking significantly decreased in NHW men and NHB, the latter with the largest decline although the highest prevalence in each period; no changes were noted in MA, who had the lowest prevalence in both periods. Race/ethnic CVD risk factors disparities widened for obesity and hypercholesterolemia, remained unchanged for diabetes and hypertension, and narrowed for smoking.Conclusions. The increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension underscores the need for better preventive measures, particularly in the NHB group that exhibits the worst trends. The decline in smoking rates may offset some of these unfavorable trends.

scholarly journals Frailty phenotype of homebound Montreal older community dwellers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a cross-sectional population study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
C.P. Launay ◽  
L. Cooper-Brown ◽  
V. Ivensky ◽  
O. Beauchet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Community Dwellers

Recently, Aubertin-Leheurdre & Rolland underscored issues and challenges related to the insufficient physical activity levels observed in the frail older population due to social distancing during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1). Social distancing is an effective intervention to limit the spread of COVID-19 (2). However, for older community dwellers social distancing implies homebound which may lead to a decline in physical activity, increased gait and balance disorders, cardiovascular disease burden and morality risk (1, 3, 4).

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