scholarly journals Effect of four varieties of mulberry on biochemistry and nutritional physiology of mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oftadeh ◽  
J.J. Sendi ◽  
A. Zibaee ◽  
B. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Optimal Ph

The effects of four mulberry varieties (Kenmochi, Ichinose, Shin Ichinose, Mahalii) on nutritional indices and digestive proteolytic and amylolytic activities of <em>Glyphodes pyloalis</em> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were determined at 24±1°C, 75±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 L:D. Fifth instar larvae reared on Shin Ichinose showed the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (3.82±0.16% and 3.11±0.07%, respectively). Approximate digestibility values of the fourth instar larvae were highest (95.23±0.73%) and lowest (91.77±1.45%) on Kenmochi and Shin Ichinose, respectively. The fifth instar larvae fed on Kenmochi had the highest consumption index (4.6±0.73) and lowest relative growth rate (0.03±0.10), respectively. Our results showed that the highest protease activity in optimal pH was on Malalii variety (0.97 U/mg) and the lowest was on Kenmochi (0.75 U/mg). In addition, the highest amylase activity in optimal pH was on Mahalii (0.17 U/mg) and lowest on Kenmochi (0.103 U/mg). Specific proteolytic analysis showed that larvae feeding on Mahalii had the highest activity of trypsin and elastase (2.30 and 2.13 U/mg, respectively). This research showed that plasticity in food utilization and enzyme activity is functionally relevant to host plant cultivars. The results of nutritional indices and activity of digestive enzymes indicated that Kenmochi was an unsuitable host for feeding of <em>Glyphodes pyloalis</em>.

scholarly journals Effect of Artemisia Annua L. On Deterrence and Nutritional Efficiency Of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid (Glyphodes Pylolais Walker) (lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Khosravi ◽  
Jalal Sendi ◽  
Mohammad Ghadamyari
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Strong Deterrent

Effect ofArtemisia AnnuaL. On Deterrence and Nutritional Efficiency Of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid (Glyphodes PylolaisWalker) (lepidoptera: Pyralidae)Methanolic extract ofArtemisia annuaL. were evaluated on growth and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralidGlyphodes pyloalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions (24±1°C, 75±5% RH and 16 L : 8 D). Feeding deterrence index was evaluated by a choice test method on < 24 h fifth instar larvae with 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 percent of the extract. The result indicated that increasing the concentration resulted in higher deterrence. The extract retarded larval growth significantly (EC50= 3.63%) and also showed significant effects on the relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), approximate digestibility (AD) and consumption index (CI). Lipid, protein and carbohydrate in treated insects were significantly reduced compared to the controls. Hence, methanol extract ofA. annuacould be considered as a strong deterrent which also affects the biochemical metabolism of the target pest. Methanol extract ofA. annuahas the potential for development as a botanical insecticide.

Can Feeding of Silkworm on Different Mulberry Variety Affect Its Performance?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sadeghi Khamenei-Tabrizi ◽  
Jalal Jalali Sendi ◽  
Sohrab Imaani ◽  
Mahmood Shojaee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Consumption Index

Abstract This study attempted to identify a suitable host plant for rearing hybrid 31*32 silkworms. Four varieties of mulberry leaves including Ichinose, Kenmochi, Kines, and local were supplied to hybrid 31*32 of silkworm and their performance was assessed. Variables measured included nutrition, biochemistry, and economic parameters of silkworm. Number of cocoons, individual and total cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon yield/10,000 per larvae were significantly greater on the Kines variety compared with the others. Similarly, nutritional indices including efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), relative growth rate (RGR), and consumption index (CI) were greater for the larvae fed on Kines. Digestive and antioxidant enzyme activity of the larvae differed with variety. Our results suggest that Kines could be considered as an appropriate host plant for rearing of silkworms based on the study parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of Neem Pesticide (Achook) on Midgut Enzymatic Activities and Selected Biochemical Compounds in the Hemolymph of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid, Glyphodes Pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Khosravi ◽  
Jalal Jalali Sendi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Abstract Synthetic organic compounds and those of plant origin used in insect pest control are known to affect digestive enzymes and biochemical compounds. The lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is a monophagous and dangerous pest of mulberry that has been recently observed in Guilan province, northern Iran. In this study the effect of the neem formulation, Achook (0.03% azadirachtin) was studied on nutritional physiology and gut enzyme activity of the lesser mulberry pyralid G. pyloalis. The LC25, LC50, and LC90 values on 4th instar larvae were estimated as 113.6, 256.84, and 1,210.02 ppm, respectively. The neem insecticide exhibited a significant antifeedant activity when used at the highest concentration. When G. pyloalis larvae were provided with mulberry leaves treated with the neem extract, all nutritional indices, except approximate digestibility, decreased. Neem was found to affect digestive enzyme activities in the midgut of treated larvae. When larvae were fed on treated leaves, biochemical compounds in the hemolymph, such as protein, lipid, and glucose decreased but the amount of uric acid increased compared with the control

scholarly journals Efficiency of Mentha piperita L. and Mentha pulegium L. essential oils on nutritional indices of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Saeidi ◽  
B. Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Indian Meal ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Relative Consumption Rate

Antifeedant activity of plant extracts from <em>Mentha piperita</em> L. and <em>Mentha pulegium</em> L. were tested against the Indian meal moth, <em>Plodia</em> <em>interpunctella</em> (Hübner). The nutritional indices: relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI) were measured for first-instar larvae (15-d old). Treatments were evaluated using a flour disk bioassay in the dark, at 25±1°C and 60±5% R.H. Concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 mL/disk were prepared from each essential oil. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. <em>M. piperita</em> oils were more effective than <em>M. pulegium</em> oils, by significantly decreasing the RGR, RCR and FDI. At the highest concentration tested (2 mL/disk), the ECI (9%) was significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of various host plants on nutritional indices and some biochemical compounds in green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yazdanfar ◽  
M. Ghodskhah Daryaei ◽  
J. Jalali Sendi ◽  
H. Ghobari ◽  
B. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Tortrix Viridana ◽  
Consumption Index

The green oak leaf roller, <em>Tortrix viridana</em> L., is one of the most destructive pests, causing damages to various species of oak, feeding on different host plants including <em>Quercus infectoria</em> Oliv, <em>Q. branti</em> Lindl, and <em>Q. libani</em> Oliv. Nutritional indices, activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds of <em>T. viridana</em> were studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, chemical components were analysed in the leaves of the three host plants. Fourth instar larvae reared on <em>Q. branti </em>showed the highest values of relative consumption rate (RCR), approximate digestibility, and consumption index (48.73±6.22; 90.45±1.06 and 97.45±12.44 respectively), while the lowest values were observed on <em>Q. libani</em>. Efficiency of conversion of ingested food in the fourth instar larvae was the highest (3.17±0.661) on <em>Q. libani</em> and the lowest (1.53±0.164) on <em>Q. branti</em>. The fifth instar larvae fed on <em>Q. libani</em> had the highest RCR (15.64±2.51). The highest amounts of triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, protein and the lowest activity of alkaline phosphatase were observed in the fifth instar larvae reared on <em>Q. libani</em>. The leaves of Q. libani highlighted the highest amounts of total nitrogen, total protein, water, potassium, magnesium and total carbohydrate. The present research suggested that the nutritional quality of the host plants have crucial effects on <em>T. viridana</em> larvae.

scholarly journals Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Hsp70 and Hsp90 Gene Families in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-hao Ding ◽  
Lu-xin Zheng ◽  
Jie Chu ◽  
Xin-hao Liang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Hsp70 Family ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
Shock Proteins

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a destructive mulberry pest, causing great damage to mulberry in China. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in various signal pathways and regulate lots of physiological processes in insects. The function of Hsps in G. pyloalis, however, has still received less attention. Here, we identified five Hsp genes from G. pyloalis transcriptome dataset including two Hsp70 family genes (GpHsp71.3 and GpHsp74.9) and three Hsp90 family genes (GpHsp82.4, GpHsp89, and GpHsp93.4). Quantitative Real-time PCR validation revealed that all Hsps of G. pyloalis have significant expression in pupal and diapause stage, at which the larvae arrest the development. Expressions of GpHsp71.3 and GpHsp82.4 were increased significantly after thermal treatment at 40°C, and this upregulation depended on heat treatment duration. Furthermore, silencing GpHsp82.4 by RNA interference led to a significant increase in mortality of G. pyloalis larvae under the heat stress compared to the control group. After starvation stress, the expression levels of GpHsp82.4 and GpHsp93.4 were significantly increased. At last, after being parasitized by the parasitoid wasp Aulacocentrum confusum, Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes of G. pyloalis were decreased significantly in the early stage of parasitization and this moderation was affected by time post-parasitization. This study highlights the function of G. pyloalis Hsps in response to environmental stress and provides a perspective for the control of this pest.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Study of Chitin Metabolism and Detoxification-Related Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Based on Transcriptome Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo-min Shao ◽  
Yi-jiangcheng Li ◽  
Xiao-rui Zhang ◽  
Jie Chu ◽  
Jia-hui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralididae) is a serious pest in the sericulture industry, which has caused damage and losses in recent years. With the widespread use of insecticides, the insecticide resistance of G. pyloalis has becomes increasingly apparent. In order to find other effective methods to control G. pyloalis, this study performed a transcriptome analysis of the midgut, integument, and whole larvae. Transcriptome data were annotated with KEGG and GO, and they have been shown to be of high quality by RT-qPCR. The different significant categories of differentially expressed genes between the midgut and the integument suggested that the transcriptome data could be used for next analysis. With the exception of Dda9 (GpCDA5), 19 genes were involved in chitin metabolism, most of which had close protein–protein interactions. Among them, the expression levels of 11 genes, including GpCHSA, GpCDA1, GpCDA2, GpCDA4, GPCHT1, GPCHT2a, GPCHT3a, GPCHT7, GpTre1, GpTre2, and GpRtv were higher in the integument than in the midgut, while the expression levels of the last eight genes, including GpCHSB, GpCDA5, GpCHT2b, GpCHT3b, GpCHT-h, GpPAGM, GpNAGK, and GpUAP, were higher in the midgut than in the integument. Moreover, 282 detoxification-related genes were identified and can be divided into 10 categories, including cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, aquaporin, chloride channel, methoprene-tolerant, serine protease inhibitor, sodium channel, and calcium channel. In order to further study the function of chitin metabolism-related genes, dsRNA injection knocked down the expression of GpCDA1 and GpCHT3a, resulting in the significant downregulation of its downstream genes. These results provide an overview of chitin metabolism and detoxification of G. pyloalis and lay the foundation for the effective control of this pest in the sericulture industry.

FOOD UTILIZATION AND EGESTION RATES OF THE PREDATOR GEOCORIS PUNCTIPES (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) FED ARTIFICIAL DIETS WITH RUTIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Cohen ◽  
Nina M. Urias
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Geocoris Punctipes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Uric Acid Excretion ◽  
Secondary Chemical

A predaceous hemipteran, Geocoris punctipes (Say) was fed an artificial diet containing 0, 0.01, 0.10, or 1.00% rutin, a plant secondary chemical known to affect adversely certain phytophagous insects. Survival rates, exuvial weights, egg weights, relative growth rates, consumption indices, growth efficiencies, metabolic efficiencies and digestive efficiencies were unaffected by any of the rutin concentrations tested. Frass production for nymphs and adults was decreased by all rutin treatments. Uric acid excretion was decreased by all rutin concentrations in adult G. punctipes but not in nymphal insects.

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