scholarly journals Description of the larva of Protanypus sp. A (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Italian Alps

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bruno Rossaro ◽  
Angela Boggero ◽  
Fabio Buzzi ◽  
Chiara Agostinelli ◽  
Francesco Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Cold Lakes

We describe the larva of <em>Protanypus</em> sp. A from the Italian Alps. All the larval characteristics fit the diagnosis of the genus, but it is impossible to assign the specimens examined to one of the known species. The low number of labral scales (12-14) and the serrated median lamellae of the medioventral appendix of the prementum exclude the identity of the species with <em>P. morio</em> or with the East Palaearctic <em>P. pseudomorio</em>. The antennal ratio (2.3) excludes the identity with <em>P. caudatus</em> or <em>P. forcipatus</em>, which are the other two <em>Protanypus</em> species known from the Alpine region. In S&aelig;ther&rsquo;s key (1975) the larva fits with the Nearctic <em>P. ramosus</em>, but identification of the species needs to be supported by pupal and adult material. In the Southern Alps, the genus is restricted to cold lakes at high altitude and is confirmed as an indicator of oligotrophic lakes.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

A two hundred years record of atmospheric cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in high altitude snow and ice from the French-Italian Alps

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Van de Velde ◽  
Claude F. Boutron ◽  
Christophe P. Ferrari ◽  
Ann-Laure Moreau ◽  
Robert J. Delmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Snow And Ice

Centipede assemblages (Chilopoda) in high-altitude landforms of the Central-Eastern Italian Alps: diversity and abundance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1087
Author(s):  
Mauro Gobbi ◽  
Marco Caccianiga ◽  
Chiara Compostella ◽  
Marzio Zapparoli
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Central Eastern

Evaluation of iron stores as limiting high altitude polycythemia

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Hornbein
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Significant Difference

The total amount of iron available from normal body stores and usual dietary intake might be so small as to limit the rate and magnitude of the polycythemic response to high altitude. To evaluate this problem the influence of iron supplementation on blood hemoglobin concentrations was observed in ten members of a Himalayan expedition during the course of their ascent of a 25,660-ft peak. Half the group received iron supplements in large doses both orally and parenterally; the other five obtained only the iron present in the normal high altitude diet. Hemoglobin concentrations in both groups increased by 33% over 2 months. No significant difference in hemoglobin concentrations between the two groups was noted at any time during the course of the study. It is concluded that normal iron stores plus dietary iron were adequate to meet the needs of increased hemoglobin synthesis at high altitude in the five individuals who received no iron supplementation. Submitted on July 31, 1961

Coppicing ability of 20 Eucalyptus species grown at two high-altitude sites in South Africa

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M Little ◽  
Robin AW Gardner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
Growing Conditions

In the 1980s, Eucalyptus macarthurii and E. nitens were planted in the colder, higher altitude areas of South Africa to meet the increased demand for pulpwood. To find possible alternatives, six site × species interaction trials were planted in 1990–1991. Based on volume performance and pulping properties, E. badjensis, E. benthamii, E. oreades, E. nobilis, E. smithii, and E. fraxinoides were identified as having good commercial potential. Although the performance of the parent crop is important, the ability to coppice is advantageous because of lower reestablishment costs. To determine this, the ability for these species to coppice was assessed at 10 months after felling at two of the trial sites with widely different growing conditions (Broadholms in Mpumalanga province and Draycott in KwaZulu-Natal province). More than 80% of the living stumps of E. benthamii, E. smithii, E. quadrangulata, E. macarthurii, E. badjensis, E. dunnii, E. cypellocarpa, E. saligna, and E. elata had coppiced at both sites. At Draycott, an exposed, dry site, both E. smithii and E. benthamii could be considered as potential alternative species to E. nitens, because besides having good volume, both species coppiced well. At Broadholms, a more protected and slightly wetter site, the significantly better volume of E. fraxinoides (which did not coppice well) when compared with the other species would mean that a substantial saving in reestablishment costs via coppice regeneration would have to be made before one could consider this method of reestablishment.

THE HYDROGEN COMPONENT IN THE PRIMARY COSMIC RADIATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Aly
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Good Agreement

Two values for the flux of the hydrogen component in the primary cosmic radiation have been measured. The first one was over Guam in the Marianas Islands, geomagnetic latitude λ = 0°. The value of the flux was found to be (123 ± 12) hydrogen nuclei/m2 sterad sec. The second measurement was made over Texas, λ = 41 °N., and the value found was (530 ± 53) hydrogen nuclei/m2 sterad sec. The detectors in both cases were stacks of nuclear emulsion exposed at high altitude. The results obtained in this experiment are in good agreement with the values obtained by the other authors using electronic counters flown at the same geomagnetic latitudes.

El Indígeno and High-Altitude Human Occupation in the Southern Andes, Mendoza (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Neme
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Southern Andes ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Marginal Environment

The site El Indígeno contains the greatest known concentration of hunter-gatherer residential features in the southern Andes. Located at 3,300 m asl in a meadow in the Cordillera of west-central Argentina, the site is notable for its 133 habitation structures, that—when considered along with the other characteristics of the site—represent an anomalous but perhaps not entirely unexpected adaptation to the highest altitude environment in the region. Based on radiocarbon dating and artifact typologies, the site was occupied between ca. 800 and 1500 B.P. It consequently represents the latest step in the indigenous colonization of what is arguably the most marginal environment in the region. This chronology suggests that the site was occupied when nearby lowland regions were under their most intensive use and during a time when new resources were incorporated into the high-altitude hunter-gatherer diet. In this article I report on research conducted at El Indigeno and compare the results of these studies to the regional record, ultimately concluding that regional population increase affiliated with the spread of increasingly complex socioeconomic systems most parsimoniously explains the intensive occupation of this large, high-altitude hunter-gatherer site.

American Thinking on the Collision Problem

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Frank C. White
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Collision Problem

Even in good weather, visual collision avoidance by pilots is unsatisfactory for reasons which include the following:(i) When on a collision course the other aircraft has no relative motion across the windscreen and is indistinguishable from other marks on the windscreen until danger is very close.(ii) There is a tendency to focus the eyes on nearby objects on the windscreen instead of at infinity, especially in the absence of conspicuous cloud and at high altitude. This can cause ‘empty field myopia’ whereby a normal pilot becomes nearsighted, his eyes focusing on a location less than six feet away.(iii) In modern jet fighter aircraft the pilot must give much of his visual attention to instruments in the cockpit, such as the altimeter, owing to the difficulty of maintaining longitudinal stability, especially when heavily loaded. In clear air above 35,000 ft, it is estimated the pilot flies half contact and half on instruments.

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