scholarly journals Bacillus mojavensis: biofilm formation and biochemical investigation of its bioactive metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippolito Camele ◽  
Hazem S. Elshafie ◽  
Lucia Caputo ◽  
Shimaa H. Sakr ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Casamino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Bacillus Mojavensis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Bacillus mojavensis is an endophytic bacterium which has been reported to have fungicidal effect against some phytopathogens. Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by B. mojavensis could have promising applications in agricultural, food industry and clinical fields. The current research has been conducted to: i) evaluate the antagonistic effect of B. mojavensis isolate against some phytopathogens; ii) characterize chemically the principal bioactive substances produced by the studied isolate of B. mojavensis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS); iii) evaluate its ability to produce a biofilm using ELISA technique. Results showed that the studied isolate has an antagonistic activity against the majority of tested microorganisms. Results showed also that the studied isolated produced a biofilm in Supplemented Luria-Bertani Casamino acid (SLB) and Minimal Mineral (MM) medium. The substantial attached growth in SLB was significantly higher than MM media. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 9 compounds accounting 87.8% of the total extract, where oxygenated monoterpenes are the main constituents.

Antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from various sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
A. N. Irkitova ◽  
A. V. Grebenshchikova ◽  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Agar Media

<p>An important link in solving the problem of healthy food is the intensification of the livestock, poultry and fish farming, which is possible only in the adoption and rigorous implementation of the concept of rational feeding of animals. In the implementation of this concept required is the application of probiotic preparations. Currently, there is an increased interest in spore probiotics. In many ways, this can be explained by the fact that they use no vegetative forms of the bacilli and their spores. This property provides spore probiotics a number of advantages: they are not whimsical, easily could be selected, cultivated, and dried. Moreover, they are resistant to various factors and could remain viable during a long period. One of the most famous spore microorganisms, which are widely used in agriculture, is <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. Among the requirements imposed to probiotic microorganisms is mandatory – antagonistic activity to pathogenic and conditional-pathogenic microflora. The article presents the results of the analysis of antagonistic activity of collection strains of <em>B. subtilis</em>, and strains isolated from commercial preparations. We studied the antagonistic activity on agar and liquid nutrient medias to trigger different antagonism mechanisms of <em>B. subtilis</em>. On agar media, we applied three diffusion methods: perpendicular bands, agar blocks, agar wells. We also applied the method of co-incubating the test culture (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) and the antagonist (or its supernatant) in the nutrient broth. Our results demonstrated that all our explored strains of <em>B. subtilis</em> have antimicrobial activity against a wild strain of <em>E. coli</em>, but to varying degrees. We identified strains of <em>B. subtilis</em> with the highest antagonistic effect that can be recommended for inclusion in microbial preparations for agriculture.</p><p><em><br /></em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Anti-Carcinogenic Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Antagonistic Effects on Prevention of Cancers

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran Soundararajan ◽  
Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Responsive Element

Glucosinolates (GSL) are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides found across the cruciferous vegetables. Core structure formation and side-chain modifications lead to the synthesis of more than 200 types of GSLs in Brassicaceae. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemoprotectives produced as the hydrolyzed product of GSLs by enzyme myrosinase. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane ([1-isothioyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl) butane], SFN) are potential ITCs with efficient therapeutic properties. Beneficial role of BITC, PEITC and SFN was widely studied against various cancers such as breast, brain, blood, bone, colon, gastric, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, prostate and so forth. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor limits the tumor progression. Induction of ARE (antioxidant responsive element) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) mediated pathway by Nrf2 controls the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB has a double edged role in the immune system. NF-κB induced during inflammatory is essential for an acute immune process. Meanwhile, hyper activation of NF-κB transcription factors was witnessed in the tumor cells. Antagonistic activity of BITC, PEITC and SFN against cancer was related with the direct/indirect interaction with Nrf2 and NF-κB protein. All three ITCs able to disrupts Nrf2-Keap1 complex and translocate Nrf2 into the nucleus. BITC have the affinity to inhibit the NF-κB than SFN due to the presence of additional benzyl structure. This review will give the overview on chemo preventive of ITCs against several types of cancer cell lines. We have also discussed the molecular interaction(s) of the antagonistic effect of BITC, PEITC and SFN with Nrf2 and NF-κB to prevent cancer.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biological Control Agent for Potato Soft Rot in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
And Storage

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacteriumErwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora(Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was testedin vitroagainst the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited thein vitrogrowth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genusBacillusand the isolate E-45 asLactobacillussp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65in vitroscreening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5–62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skaptsov ◽  
S. Smirnov ◽  
M. Kutsev ◽  
O. Uvarova ◽  
T. Sinitsyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
The South

<p><em>Trichoderma</em> isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, <em>T. asperellum, T. ghanense</em>, and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em>. Antagonistic activity against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp. was evaluated <em>in vitro</em>. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. <em>T. asperellum </em>and <em>T. longibranchiatum</em> showed antagonism against <em>Botrytis </em>sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of <em>Botrytis</em> sp. (except the <em>T. ghanense</em>) and colonies of the <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the <em>Cladosporium </em>sp. and<em> Botrytis </em>sp.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of selected antagonistic fungi on Fusarium species – toxigenic cereal pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfina Popiel ◽  
Hanna Kwaśny ◽  
Jerzy Chełkowski ◽  
Łukasz Stępień ◽  
Magdalena Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Ear Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

<em>Fusarium</em>-ear blight is a destructive disease in various cereal-growing regions and leads to significant yield and quality losses for farmers and to contamination of cereal grains with mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol and derivatives, zearalenone and moniliformin. <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens grow well and produce significant inoculum on crop resiudues. Reduction of mycotoxins production and pathogen sporulation may be influenced by saprophytic fungi, exhibiting antagonistic effect. Dual culture bioassays were used to examine the impact of 92 isolates (belonging to 29 fungal species) against three toxigenic species, i.e. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> (Corda) Saccardo, <em>F. culmorum</em> (W.G.Smith) Saccardo and <em>F. graminearum</em> Schwabe. Both <em>F.culmorum</em> and <em>F. graminearum</em> isolates produce trichothecene mycotoxins and mycohormone zearalenone and are considered to be the most important cereal pathogens worldwide. Infection with those pathogens leads to accumulation of mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grains. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> isolates are producers of moniliformin (MON) and enniatins. Isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. were found to be the most effective ones to control the growth of examined <em>Fusarium</em> species. The response of <em>Fusarium</em> isolates to antagonistic activity of <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates varied and also the isolates of <em>Trichoderma</em> differed in their antagonistic activity against <em>Fusarium</em> isolates. The production of MON by two isolates of F. avenaceum in dual culture on rice was reduced by 95% to 100% by <em>T. atroviride</em> isolate AN 35. The same antagonist reduced the amount of moniliformin from 100 μg/g to 6.5 μg/g when inoculated to rice culture contaminated with MON, which suggests the possible decomposition of this mycotoxin.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BACTERIOCIN ENTEROCOCCUS ITALICUS ONU 547 AND ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE GROWTH OF OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Vasylieva ◽  
G. V. Yamborko ◽  
А. G. Merlich ◽  
I. V. Strashnova ◽  
I. P. Metelitsina
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Enterococcus Italicus ◽  
Further Development

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriocin of Enterococcus italicusONU 547 and essential oils individually and in combination against indicatorstrains of opportunistic pathogens. Methods. The antagonistic activity of essential oils and bacteriocin was determined by the optical density of the bacterial suspension of test strains (Salmonella enterica NCTC 6017, Escherichia coli АТСС 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853, Pseudomonas putida KT 2440, Enterococcus faecalis АТСС 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae АТСС 10031,Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 25923). The index of fractional inhibitory activity(FIC) was calculated by adding the FIC values of bacteriocin E. italicus ONU 547and the studied essential oils. The results. The maximum antimicrobial effect was caused by the essential oils of Anisum officinalis and Melissa officinalis, which suppressed the growth of test strains more than 50.0%. When using bacteriocin of E. italicus ONU 547 suppression of viability of indicator strains did not exceed 30.0%. Experimental combinations of essential oils and bacteriocin caused 4 types of consequences: synergy effect; additive effect; antagonistic effect; interactiveeffect (no interaction effect). In most cases, the combined action of bacteriocinand essential oils caused an additive effect. Conclusions. This study demonstrated the potential of using different combinations of natural antimicrobial compounds. The obtained results provide grounds for further development and optimization ofcombinations of essential oils and probiotic strains of microorganisms for use in food and pharmaceutical biotechnology.

scholarly journals Useful Bioactive Substances from Wastes: Recovery of Trans-Resveratrol from Grapevine Stems

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Angelov ◽  
Lubomir Boyadzhiev ◽  
Silviya Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Initial Extract ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
The Many

The methods for producing natural resveratrol are of big interest because of the many health benefits of this substance and its increasing use in functional foods, food supplements and para-pharmaceutical preparations. Generally, resveratrol is extracted from different natural sources, most of them usually produced for consumption purposes (grapes, nuts). This paper presents a method for recovery of resveratrol from a widely available raw material - grapevine stems, a by-product of vine pruning. An efficient extraction-fractionation scheme is developed, based on shifting the phase equilibrium, by which more concentrated extracts of resveratrol are obtained. After a simple extraction, the initial extract is further separated into two fractions, containing either water or ethanol-soluble compounds. Using this approach, the resveratrol’s low water solubility helps isolate it from other water-soluble substances. The resulting product is almost ten times more concentrated in trans-resveratrol than the initial total extract. Additionally, a fraction containing water-soluble polyphenols is obtained, which could be used for water-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.

scholarly journals Potential of Trichosporon asahii against Alternaria sp. and mechanisms of actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Ariane Silva Bosqueiro ◽  
Rodolfo Bizarria Júnior ◽  
Márcia Maria Rosa-Magri
Keyword(s):  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Trichosporon Asahii ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Mycelial Development

ABSTRACT Alternaria sp. is a fungus that causes rot in several crops, causing damage to the agricultural production chain. Biological control agents constitute an alternative to reduce the use of pesticides in the crops, a social demand for modern agriculture. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the antagonistic effect of the yeast Trichosporon asahii (3S44) on the mycelial development of Alternaria sp. and some in vitro mechanisms of action. Trichosporon asahii showed antagonistic activity towards Alternaria sp., presenting mycelial inhibition (57.47%). The assays indicated production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), competition for nutrients, biofilm formation, production of killer toxins and β-1,3-glucanase as mechanisms of action of T. asahii. Collectively, our results showed the potential of T. asahii to control the mycelial development of Alternaria sp. and some mechanisms of action of this yeast for future biotechnological studies.

scholarly journals Antagonistic activity of selected fungi of the soil environment of carrot

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patkowska Elżbieta ◽  
Jamiołkowska Agnieszka ◽  
Błażewicz-Woźniak Marzena
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The present studies aim at determining the antagonistic effect of selected fungi species occurring in the soil under carrot cultivation towards Altenaria dauci (J.G. Kühn) J.W. Groves &amp; Skolko, Alternaria radicina Meier, Drechsler &amp; E.D. Eddy, Fusarium oxysporum E.F. Sm &amp; Swingle, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The field experiment considered cover crops (oats, tansy phacelia and vetch). The control consisted of traditional carrot cultivation (without cover crops). Statistically, the smallest population of fungi was found in 1 g of soil dry weight after the application of oats, and a slightly bigger – after tansy phacelia and vetch. The largest population of fungi was obtained in the traditional cultivation of carrot. Cover crops contributed to the increase of the population of antagonistic Clonostachys spp., Myrothecium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. in the soil. Regardless of the experimental treatment, those antagonistic fungi were the most effective in limiting the growth of S. sclerotiorum, A. dauci and A. radicina. The effect of those fungi was a little smaller towards F. oxysporum and R. solani. Oats as a cover crop had the best effect on the antagonistic activity of the studied fungi occurring in the soil environment of carrot.

scholarly journals Probiotics and Postbiotics as Substitutes of Antibiotics in Farm Animals: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3431
Author(s):  
Daria Zamojska ◽  
Adriana Nowak ◽  
Ireneusz Nowak ◽  
Ewa Macierzyńska-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The European Union

Since 2006, the use of growth-promoting antibiotics has been banned throughout the European Union. To meet the expectations of livestock farmers, various studies have been carried out with the use of lactic acid bacteria. Scientists are trying to obtain the antimicrobial effect against the most common pathogens in large-scale farms. Supplementing the diet of broilers with probiotics (live, nonpathogenic microorganisms) stabilized the intestinal microbiota, which improved the results of body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI). The positive effect of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria has been shown to prevent the occurrence of diarrhea during piglet weaning. The antagonistic activity of postbiotics (inanimate bacteria, cell components, or post-fermentation by-products) from post-culture media after lactobacilli cultures has been proven on Staphylococcus aureus—the pathogen most often responsible for causing mastitis among dairy cows. The article aims to present the latest research examining the antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria on the most common pathogens in broilers, piglets, pigs, and cow farms.

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