scholarly journals Stature estimation based on vertebral morphometry by dual energy X-rays absorptiometry imaging in Italian females

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Milani ◽  
Marco Di Stefano ◽  
Giancarlo Isaia ◽  
Gian Luigi Panattoni
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Vertebral Morphometry ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Preliminary Study

Anthropological profile in forensic context includes the assessment of parameters as ancestry, sex, age and stature of an individual by the analysis of skeletal remains. Stature can be estimated from decomposed and fully or partially skeletonized remains by means of anatomical or mathematical methods applied on the whole skeleton or single bones. Many authors calculated regression formulae for the living stature estimation by these methods, in particular based on a population similar to the remains recovered. Long bones are commonly used for stature estimation, but, when they are missing, methods involving different parts of the skeleton are needed. In this preliminary study we measured heights of the vertebral bodies in a female Caucasian Italian population, evaluated by images of morphometric X-ray absorptiometry based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in living subjects investigated for routine diagnostic purposes. Thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine were measured and statistical analysis was performed, thus obtaining regression formulae for estimated living stature from thoraco-lumbar spine segments (T<sub>6</sub>-T<sub>12</sub>, L<sub>1</sub>-L<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>6</sub>-L<sub>4</sub>). We propose this method for stature evaluation in physical or forensic anthropology when the spine is available and long bones are missing.

Preliminary Study on the Anti-radiation Effect of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsue-yin Hsu ◽  
Yau-hui Ho ◽  
Shi-Iong Lian ◽  
Chun-ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Different Doses

Six to seven week old male mice of ICR strain were exposed to different doses of x-rays to determine if Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang could be a modifier in the elimination of radiation damage. Colony forming units of bone marrow cells in the spleen (CFUs) were measured before and after x-ray irradiation with intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/20 g or 20 mg/20 g body weight of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang, once a day for seven consecutive days. The recovery of CFUs and hemocytes counts by 4 Gy irradiation with Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang administration was faster for a concentration of 20 mg/20 g than 10 mg/20 g. The measurement of 10-day CFUs showed an increase of radiotolerance in the treatment of 20 mg/20 g administration before x-ray irradiation. The injection of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang accelerated the recovery of hemocyte counts in mice irradiated with 4 Gy x-ray; the effect was especially profound for leukocytes with 20 mg/20 g Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang administration after irradiation.

Fat-free mass and fat mass reference values by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a 20–80 year-old Italian population

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coin ◽  
Giuseppe Sergi ◽  
Nadia Minicuci ◽  
Sandro Giannini ◽  
Elisa Barbiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
X Ray

Dual-Energy X-Ray Tomographic Measurement of Local Phase Fractions in 3-Phase Bubble Columns

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Behling ◽  
Dieter Mewes
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Bubble Columns ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Local Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Plane ◽  
Tomographic Measurement

For measuring local phase fractions in 2- and 3-phase bubble columns, an X-ray tomographic measurement system is applied. This measurement technique, also referred to as Computer Tomography or CT, is based on the attenuation of X-rays along their path through the bubble column. An X-ray source and an X-ray detector are mounted on opposite sides of the bubble column. The bubble column is irradiated by an X-ray fan beam perpendicular to the bubble column axis. The X-ray intensity measured by each detector pixel is an integral measure for the penetrated material along the path of the X-rays. By rotating the X-ray source and X-ray detector around the bubble column axis, multiple projection measurements of the measurement plane are collected. In a second step, the phase distribution in the measurement plane (the so-called CT-slice) is calculated from the projection measurements by applying mathematical reconstruction algorithms. The reconstructed phase fractions are time-averaged over the measurement interval of 200 seconds for the measurements presented in this work. In order to distinguish all 3 phases, a special dual-energy technique is used. In this technique, 2 separate CT measurements are conducted successively, applying 2 different X-ray wavelengths. By combining the information gained from these 2 measurements, all 3 phase fractions are determined for every image pixel. The local phase fractions of all 3 phases are measured simultaneously for the whole cross-section. The measurement technique is fully non-intrusive. It is not restricted to limited ranges of phase fractions, solid loadings or flow rates of any of the phases. A 244 mm diameter, 7 m high bubble column is examined. It can be operated either with only 2 phases (liquid and gas) or with additional solid particles. Measurements are conducted with air as gas, water as liquid and PVC particles as solid phase. In this paper, the measurement principle of the tomographic technique and the dual-energy algorithm are explained. The experimental setup is described and the results of the measurements are presented.

Vertebral morphometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures assessment (VFA)

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1374-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Diacinti ◽  
G. Guglielmi ◽  
D. Pisani ◽  
D. Diacinti ◽  
R. Argirò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Vertebral Morphometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

Vertebral morphometry studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen M. Blake ◽  
Jacqueline A. Rea ◽  
Ignac Fogelman
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
Vertebral Morphometry ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Acquisition of Quasi-Monochromatic Dual-Energy in a Microfocus X-ray Generator and Development of Applied Technology

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hasegawa ◽  
Masanori Sato
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Filter Thickness

In regenerative medicine, evaluation of bone mineral density using a microfocus X-ray generator could eventually be used to determine the degree of bone tissue regeneration. To evaluate bone mineral density against regenerated bone material, two low-energy X-rays are necessary. Herein, the acquisition of quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy soft X-ray and the subsequent medical application were examined using the K-absorption edges of two types of metal filters (i.e., zirconium and tin) in a microfocus X-ray generator. Investigation of the optimal tube voltage and filter thickness to form a quasi-monochromatic energy spectrum with a single filter revealed that a filter thickness of 0.3 mm results in an optimal monochromatization state. When a dual filter was used, the required filter thickness was 0.3 mm for tin and 0.2 mm for zirconium at a tube voltage of 35 kV. For the medical application, we measured quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy X-rays to evaluate the measurement accuracy of bone mineral density. Using aluminum as a simulated bone sample, a relative error of ≤5% was consistent within the aluminum thickness range of 1–3 mm. These data suggest that a bone mineral density indicator of recycled bone material can be easily obtained with the quasi-monochromatic X-ray technique using a microfocus X-ray generator.

Limb fat-free mass and fat mass reference values by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a 20–80 year-old italian population

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coin ◽  
Sandro Giannini ◽  
Nadia Minicuci ◽  
Giulia Rinaldi ◽  
Mario Pedrazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
X Ray

A PHANTOM TEST OF PROTON-INDUCED DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ANGIOGRAPHY USING IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. OGURI ◽  
J. HASEGAWA ◽  
M. OGAWA ◽  
J. KANEKO ◽  
K. SASA
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cdte Detector ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Subtraction Procedure ◽  
Energy Subtraction

Characteristic-line radiation from heavy metal targets bombarded by MeV proton beams has been tested as an X-ray source for dual-energy K-edge subtraction imaging for human angiography (blood vessel imaging) based on iodinated contrast media. To utilize the strong absorption by iodine (Z = 53) at its K-absorption edge (33.2 keV), we used K α-line of La (lanthanum, Z = 57) at 33.4 keV. As a reference, also K α X emission of Sn (tin, Z = 50) at 25.2 keV was employed. Metallic plates of La and Sn were irradiated by 7-MeV protons to produce these characteristic X-rays. Energy-subtraction method was tested using Lucite phantoms which contain aqueous solutions of KI (potassium iodide) with different concentrations. Also Ca ( H 2 PO 4)2 powder was stuffed in these phantoms to simulate bones. The transmission images of the phantoms were recorded on imaging plates. During the exposure, the energy spectra of the X-rays were monitored by a CdTe detector. We found that the contrast of images of iodide solutions taken with La X-rays was higher than that with Sn X-rays. Also the energy subtraction procedure was successfully applied to reduce the graphical noise due to the bones and inhomogeneity of the soft tissue. However, to apply the present method to actual clinical use, the X-ray intensity must be increased by several orders of magnitude. Also the transmission of the “lower-energy” photons has to be a few orders higher for imaging of objects as thick as human chest.

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