The three sisters:multidetector computed tomography and 3D reconstructions of three sister mummies from the Egyptian Museum of Turin

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cesarani ◽  
Maria Cristina Martina ◽  
Rosa Boano ◽  
Anna Maria Donadoni Roveri ◽  
Andrea Ferraris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Three Sisters ◽  
Ct Studies

The “three sisters” is a particular group of mummies from the Drovetti collection of the Egyptian Museum in Turin. They were purchased in 1824 by King Carlo Felice of Savoy for the new Museum. The mummies come from the area of Tebe in Upper Egypt. Their names are Tapeni (CGT 13002–Cat. 2215), Tamiu (CGT 13003–Cat. 2218), and Renpetnefert (CGT 13007–Cat.2231). They were evaluated the same day with multidetector CT (GE Light Speed Qx/I). In all three cases whole body CT helical acquisition with thin slices (2.5 mm thickness, 1.25 mm reconstruction interval) followed by multiplanar and 3D reconstructions were performed. Stature, anthropometric measurements, sex, and approximate age, were estimated. Also embalming techniques, condition of the skeleton and of the soft tissues, and the presence of foreign objects were analyzed. The similarities and differences of embalming methods were also evaluated. To our knowledge, there are no other reports of CT studies on mummies belonging to the same family. We believe these results are of particular interest for archaeology and computed imaging technology.

Computerized Tomography: A Perspective in the Pediatric Patient

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Derek Harwood-Nash ◽  
Herman Grossman ◽  
Alvin Felman ◽  
John Kirkpatrick ◽  
Leonard Swischuk
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Central Research ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Whole Body Ct

Computerized tomography (CT), a technique conceptualized by Oldendorf in 19611 and developed by Hounsfield2 of EMI-Tronics Inc. (EMI) Central Research Laboratories, has proven to be a successful innovation in neuroradiology. Reviews by Ambrose3 in England and by Baker et al.4 and by New et al.5 in the United States have clearly demonstrated the value of this new modality in neuroradiological diagnosis. In 1975 Houser et al.6 and Harwood-Nash et al.7 provided the initial clinical and radiological data about CT in infants and children. More recently this technique has been extended to the study of tissues and organs in the body other than those in the head. This has been accomplished by modification of the original machine into a whole-body CT system. Early reviews by Ledley et al.8 and by Alfidi et al.9 suggest a significant potential for diagnosis of lesions in the abdomen, pelvis, and thorax. The advantages of CT are that it is less invasive than standard special diagnostic radiological procedures and that for the first time it provides in vivo information regarding the content and the characteristics of tissue composing organs and masses. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT In conventional radiography an image is made on radiographic film by an attenuated X-ray beam. In passing through a core of tissue, each ray of the beam is attenuated as it is absorbed and scattered by the tissue in its path. The intensity of the transmitted ray depends on the sum total of X-ray attenuation by all the different soft tissues in its path.

scholarly journals Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies: Application to the Tyrolean Iceman

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 1152-1160
Author(s):  
Stephanie Panzer ◽  
Patrizia Pernter ◽  
Dario Piombino-Mascali ◽  
Rimantas Jankauskas ◽  
Stephanie Zesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Soft Tissue Preservation ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tyrolean Iceman

Purpose Soft tissues make a skeleton into a mummy and they allow for a diagnosis beyond osteology. Following the approach of structured reporting in clinical radiology, a recently developed checklist was used to evaluate the soft tissue preservation status of the Tyrolean Iceman using computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to apply the “Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in CT Examinations of Human Mummies” to the Tyrolean Iceman, and to compare the Iceman’s soft tissue preservation score to the scores calculated for other mummies. Materials and Methods A whole-body (CT) (SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) consisting of five scans, performed in January 2013 in the Department of Radiodiagnostics, Central Hospital, Bolzano, was used (slice thickness 0.6 mm; kilovolt ranging from 80 to 140). For standardized evaluation the “CT Checklist and Scoring System for the Assessment of Soft Tissue Preservation in Human Mummies” was used. Results All checkpoints under category “A. Soft Tissues of Head and Musculoskeletal System” and more than half in category “B. Organs and Organ Systems” were observed. The scoring system accounted for a total score of 153 (out of 200). The comparison of the scores between the Iceman and three mummy collections from Vilnius, Lithuania, and Palermo, Sicily, as well as one Egyptian mummy resulted in overall higher soft tissue preservation scores for the Iceman. Conclusion Application of the checklist allowed for standardized assessment and documentation of the Iceman’s soft tissue preservation status. The scoring system allowed for a quantitative comparison between the Iceman and other mummies. The Iceman showed remarkable soft tissue preservation. Key Points  Citation Format

Kha and Merit:multidetector computed tomography and 3D reconstructions of two mummies from the Egyptian Museum of Turin

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Martina ◽  
Federico Cesarani ◽  
Rosa Boano ◽  
Anna Maria Donadoni Roveri ◽  
Andrea Ferraris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Helical Ct ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Processing Techniques

The Mummies of the architect, Kha, (Suppl.8431) and his wife, Merit, (Suppl. 8471) belong to the XVIII Dynasty of ancient Egypt. They were discovered at Deir el- Medina, during the Italian Archaeological Mission directed by E. Schiaparelli (1903- 1906). Recently they underwent diagnostic investigation with helical CT at the Molinette hospital in Turin in order to verify the state of preservation of the bodies and to increase our knowledge of the funerary objects inside the bandages. A whole body helical CT acquisition with a multidetector CT unit was performed. Thin slices (2.5 mm thickness, 1.25 mm reconstruction interval), followed by multiplanar and 3D reconstructions were obtained. CT allowed a careful evaluation of body conditions, stature, age, embalming technique, pathological findings (some of which not revealed by previous conventional X-ray studies), and it allowed confirming and evaluating the presence of foreign bodiesjewels in particular. Once more CT, especially supported by new post-processing techniques, confirmed its fundamental role in the non-invasive study of mummies.

scholarly journals Serum D-dimer level as a biomarker for identifying patients with isolated injury to prevent unnecessary whole-body computed tomography in blunt trauma care

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakuhei Nakama ◽  
Ryo Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshimitsu Izawa ◽  
Keiichi Tanimura ◽  
Takashi Mato
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Isolated Injury ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Body Ct

Abstract Background Unnecessary whole-body computed tomography (CT) may lead to excess radiation exposure. Serum D-dimer levels have been reported to correlate with injury severity. We examined the predictive value of serum D-dimer level for identifying patients with isolated injury that can be diagnosed with selected-region CT rather than whole-body CT. Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients with blunt trauma (2014–2017). We included patients whose serum D-dimer levels were measured before they underwent whole-body CT. “Isolated” injury was defined as injury with Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≤ 5 to any of five regions of interest or with AIS score ≤ 1 to other regions, as revealed by a CT scan. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn for D-dimer levels corresponding to isolated injury; the area under the ROC (AUROC) was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for several candidate cut-off values for serum D-dimer levels. Results Isolated injury was detected in 212 patients. AUROC was 0.861 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.815–0.907) for isolated injury prediction. Serum D-dimer level ≤ 2.5 μg/mL was an optimal cutoff value for predicting isolated injury with high specificity (100.0%) and positive predictive value (100.0%). Approximately 30% of patients had serum D-dimer levels below this cutoff value. Conclusion D-dimer level ≤ 2.5 μg/mL had high specificity and high positive predictive value in cases of isolated injury, which could be diagnosed with selected-region CT, reducing exposure to radiation associated with whole-body CT.

P-146: A prospective study of conventional skeletal survey versus Whole-body CT for osteolytic lesions in Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S115
Author(s):  
Michael Gundesen ◽  
Jon Thor Asmussen ◽  
Einar Haukås ◽  
Michael Schubert ◽  
Niels Abildgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Skeletal Survey ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Body Ct

CT scan and 3D reconstructions of Pre-Dynastic child mummy 527 B* (Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of Turin)

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Bianucci ◽  
Rosa Boano ◽  
Gino Carnazza ◽  
Rudy Lallo ◽  
Grazia Mattutino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
The University ◽  
Reconstruction Interval

Mummy 527 B* belongs to the “Giovanni Marro” Egyptian Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the University of Turin. This mummy of a oneyear- old pre-dynastic child was found in Gebelein in 1935 in a small necropolis discovered during excavations of the “Missione Archeologica Italiana” led by G. Farina, the new Director of the Egyptian Museum of Turin, with the participation of Prof. G. Marro as anthropologist. A whole body spiral CT scan with thin slices (1,00 mm thickness, 0,5 mm reconstruction interval) was followed by multiplanar and 3D reconstruction. The aim was to evaluate the child’s age at death and the presence of lethal pathologies. This study confirms the fundamental role of non-invasive techniques in the study of such rare pre-dynastic specimens.

scholarly journals Development of Automatic Visceral Fat Volume Calculation Software for CT Volume Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutaka Nemoto ◽  
Tusufuhan Yeernuer ◽  
Yoshitaka Masutani ◽  
Yukihiro Nomura ◽  
Shouhei Hanaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Experienced Radiologist ◽  
Fat Volume ◽  
Calculation Software ◽  
Body Ct ◽  
Ct Volume

Objective. To develop automatic visceral fat volume calculation software for computed tomography (CT) volume data and to evaluate its feasibility.Methods. A total of 24 sets of whole-body CT volume data and anthropometric measurements were obtained, with three sets for each of four BMI categories (under 20, 20 to 25, 25 to 30, and over 30) in both sexes. True visceral fat volumes were defined on the basis of manual segmentation of the whole-body CT volume data by an experienced radiologist. Software to automatically calculate visceral fat volumes was developed using a region segmentation technique based on morphological analysis with CT value threshold. Automatically calculated visceral fat volumes were evaluated in terms of the correlation coefficient with the true volumes and the error relative to the true volume.Results. Automatic visceral fat volume calculation results of all 24 data sets were obtained successfully and the average calculation time was 252.7 seconds/case. The correlation coefficients between the true visceral fat volume and the automatically calculated visceral fat volume were over 0.999.Conclusions. The newly developed software is feasible for calculating visceral fat volumes in a reasonable time and was proved to have high accuracy.

scholarly journals Plain Radiography May Be Safely Omitted for Selected Major Trauma Patients Undergoing Whole Body CT: Database Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hudson ◽  
Adrian Boyle ◽  
Stephanie Wiltshire ◽  
Lisa McGerty ◽  
Sara Upponi
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Database Study ◽  
Primary Survey ◽  
Whole Body Ct ◽  
Plain Films ◽  
Body Ct

Introduction. Whole body CT is being used increasingly in the primary survey of major trauma patients. We evaluated whether omitting plain films of the chest and pelvis in the primary survey was safe. We compared the probability of survival of patients and time to CT who had plain X-rays to those who did not.Method. We performed a database study on major trauma patients admitted between 2008 and 2010 using data from Trauma, Audit and Research Network (TARN) and our PACS system. We included adult major trauma patients who has an ISS of greater than 15 and underwent whole body CT.Results. 245 patients were included in the study. 44 (17.9%) did not undergo plain films. The median time to whole body CT from the time of admission was longer (47 minutes) in patients having plain films, than those who did not have plain films performed (30 minutes),P<0.005. Mortality was increased in the group who received plain films, 9.5% compared to 4.5%, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.77).Conclusion. We conclude that plain films may be safely omitted during the primary survey of selected major trauma patients.

A lateral approach to the feline cerebellar fossa: case report and identification of an external landmark for the tentorium ossium

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
Marc Kent ◽  
Eric N Glass ◽  
Jordan Schachar
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Approach ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Temporal Fossa ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
3D Volume ◽  
External Landmark ◽  
Ct Studies

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the use of an external landmark that defines the attachment of the tentorium ossium for planning a craniectomy to access the cerebellar fossa. The external landmark was defined by a line where the caudal aspect of the convexity of the cranium transitions to a flat surface in the caudal aspect of the temporal fossa. We also aimed to determine if this external landmark was present and readily visualized, and to establish its relationship to the nuchal crest using three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendered CT reconstructions created from cats with normal cranial morphology. Methods First, a case is presented for the description of an approach in a cat with a meningioma located dorsolateral to the cerebellum. Second, CT studies of five cats with normal cranial morphology were selected. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn at the attachment of the tentorium ossium to the cranium and nuchal crest. Three-dimensional reconstructions were developed with colored ROI overlays. The external landmark defined the tentorial attachment on all 3D reconstructions. Additionally, using the postoperative CT of the clinical case described herein, ROIs of the tentorial attachment and nuchal crest along with a third ROI, the craniectomy, were drawn and overlaid on the 3D reconstruction to illustrate the position of the craniectomy in relation to the tentorium ossium attachment and nuchal crest. Results The use of the external landmark provided for a craniectomy that enabled adequate visualization for excision of a meningioma. On all 3D reconstructions, the external landmark was present and readily visualized. Conclusions and relevance Between the attachment of the tentorium ossium and nuchal crest exists an area adequately sized for a craniectomy in cats. Clinicians can use an identifiable external landmark on the lateral aspect of the cranium to plan the rostral boundary for a craniectomy to access the cerebellar fossa in cats.

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