scholarly journals Wireless sensor network to identify the reduction of meteorological gradients in greenhouse in subtropical conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Queiroz Zorzeto Cesar ◽  
Paulo Ademar Martins Leal ◽  
Omar Carvalho Branquinho ◽  
Felipe Antonio Moura Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Spatial and temporal monitoring of temperature and relative humidity is essential for greenhouse management, therefore, wireless sensor networks (WSN) can offer crucial advantages. The objective of this work was to use a WSN to characterize and map the horizontal and vertical variability of air temperature and relative humidity inside a greenhouse using five different configurations. The configurations were based on combinations between the following actuating mechanisms: i) mechanical ventilation (by two exhaust fans); ii) natural ventilation (through the roof vent openings); iii) shading through the use of thermo-reflective screen. The WSN was designed with 45 spatially distributed measuring points, and the air temperature and relative humidity were recorded automatically every 30 seconds, for ten consecutive days, for each configuration. Our results show that the horizontal and vertical homogeneity of the meteorological elements depends on the actuating mechanism used in the greenhouse. Mechanical ventilation approximated the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor air, with a homogeneous horizontal distribution throughout the environment. Opening the roof vent reduced vertical gradients of temperature and relative humidity. Our observations also showed that the combination of the use of roof vent openings with mechanical ventilation is an effective way to achieve horizontal homogeneity of meteorological elements.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance of Single-Story Air-Welled Terraced House in Malaysia: A Field Measurement Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Pau Chung Leng ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Mohd Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Dilshan Remaz Ossen ◽  
Eeydzah Aminudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Ventilation Performance ◽  
Globe Temperature

The provision requirement of 10% openings of the total floor area stated in the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Malaysia is essential for natural lighting and ventilation purposes. However, focusing on natural ventilation, the effectiveness of thermal performance in landed residential buildings has never been empirically measured and proven, as most of the research emphasized simulation modeling lacking sufficient empirical validation. Therefore, this paper drawing on field measurement investigates natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system. The key concern as to what extent the current air-well system serving as a ventilator is effective to provide better thermal performance is to be addressed. By adopting an existing single-story air-welled terrace house, indoor environmental conditions and thermal performance were monitored and measured using HOBO U12 air temperature and humidity, the HOBO U12 anemometer, and the Delta Ohm HD32.3 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature meter for a six-month duration. The results show that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%. The mean air temperature for a test room (single-sided ventilation room) ranged from 28.04 °C to 30.92 °C, with a relative humidity of 70.16% to 76.00%. These empirical findings are of importance, offering novel policy insights and suggestions. Since the minimum provision of 10% openings has been revealed to be less effective to provide desirable thermal performance and comfort, mandatory compliance with and the necessity of the bylaw requirement should be revisited.

scholarly journals Microbiome in an Office Building Using a Cooling Trench as an Outdoor Air Duct

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06045
Author(s):  
Mizuki Niimura ◽  
U Yanagi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Energy Saving Technique ◽  
Building Cooling

Subterranean temperature at a depth of 10 m is almost equal to the average outdoor air temperature of the same area. Therefore, if a building cooling trench is used as an outdoor air duct, outdoor air can be cooled in summer and warmed in winter. This energy-saving technique is often used in Japan. However, since the relative humidity in a cooling trench is high, microbe numbers tend to increase in summer. The present study sought to characterize the microbiome status in the cooling trench of such an office building in Japan. Specifically, we performed a metagenomic analysis in which we analyzed DNA directly upon collection from the environment, without intervening cultivation. The results showed the presence of bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Nesterenkonia, Staphylococcus, Deinococcus, Acinetobacter, Enhydorobacter, and Corynebacterium. Bacteria of the genera Nesterenkonia, Deinococcus, Enhydorobacter, and Corynebacterium predominated on the surface of the trench. Notably, bacteria of the genus Nesterenkonia constituted >50% of the organisms on the surface of the downstream end of the cooling trench. Principal coordinate analysis was used to compare bacterial inhabitants of outdoor air, indoor air from 2nd- and 3rdfloor offices, and the region downstream of the cooling trench. The results suggested that the microbiome of air in this cooling trench influenced indoor air within the building.

scholarly journals 31 years of hourly spatially distributed air temperature, humidity, and precipitation amount and phase from Reynolds Critical Zone Observatory

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Kormos ◽  
Danny G. Marks ◽  
Mark S. Seyfried ◽  
Scott C. Havens ◽  
Andrew Hedrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Zone Observatory ◽  
Reynolds Creek ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract. Thirty-one years of spatially distributed air temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, precipitation amount, and precipitation phase data are presented for the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, which is part of the Critical Zone Observatory network. The air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation amount data are spatially distributed over a 10 m lidar-derived digital elevation model at an hourly time step using a detrended kriging algorithm. This 21 TB dataset covers a wide range of weather extremes in a mesoscale basin (238 km2) that encompasses the rain–snow transition zone and should find widespread application in earth science modeling communities. Spatial data allow for a more holistic analysis of basin means and elevation gradients, compared to weather station data measured at specific locations. Files are stored in the NetCDF file format, which allows for easy spatiotemporal averaging and/or subsetting. Data are made publicly available through an OPeNDAP-enabled THREDDS server hosted by Boise State University Libraries in support of the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory (https://doi.org/10.18122/B2B59V).

scholarly journals Influence of detailing the climate model on the calculation of energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Elena Malyavina ◽  
Olga Malikova ◽  
Luong Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Parameter Values

The repeatability of outdoor air temperature and enthalpy combinations in a construction area is a necessary initial information for calculating the energy consumption of air conditioning systems. The most convenient form of presenting climatic data in such calculations is the probabilistic-statistical model, which constitutes a Table, the cells of which show the probabilistic repeatability of the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity. The parameter values given on the vertical and horizontal scales, that form the cell boundaries, can be taken with larger or smaller increments. The paper that served as the basis for this article, provides verification of the initial climatic model detailing experimentally under full-scale conditions in the city of Hanoi (Vietnam). The criterion for the appropriate model detailing was the deviation of the energy consumption estimates of the room cooling system, got experimentally and by calculation. Moreover, the calculations were performed not only on two climate probabilistic and statistical models, but also on the data of direct measurements of the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity with an accuracy of 0.1 for temperature and up to 2 % for relative humidity.

Analysis of Natural Ventilation Systems in Schoolrooms

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
Mária Budiaková
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The paper is oriented on the analysis of the ventilation systems in schoolrooms. Correct and sufficient ventilation of schoolrooms is very important because students and pupils spend in the schoolrooms the majority of their time in school. In our schools the ventilation is incorrect and insufficient. The biggest problem is winter period when the ventilation is provided only by opening the doors to corridor. This way, there is insufficient intake of oxygen, which causes distractibility and feeling of tiredness of pupils. In current schoolrooms we can use only natural ventilation and thus the schoolrooms have to be ventilated using windows. Therefore this research was focused on the comparison and the analysis of different systems of natural ventilation in schoolrooms. The experimental measurements were carried out in schoolroom, where the parameters of thermal comfort were measured in the different systems of natural ventilation with device Testo 480 which was connected to computer. Gained values of air temperature, air velocity and index PMV are presented in graphs. On the base of analysis of measured values were evaluated the systems of natural ventilation for schoolrooms. In the future, the mechanical ventilation in schoolrooms can be assumed, therefore the recommendation on modern energy saving system of mechanical ventilation is in the end of this paper.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality Investigation at Primary Classrooms in Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venu Shree ◽  
Bhanu M. Marwaha ◽  
Pamita Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Primary Classrooms ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Hybrid Ventilation ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Two schools in Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh, India) having hybrid ventilation (ceiling fan) were selected for indoor and outdoor air quality investigation. Investigated parameters include temperature, relative humidity, CO2, and PM2.5 for both indoor and outdoor air quality. The average concentrations of CO2, and PM2.5 are estimated for indoor and outdoor air quality. Result shows that adopted building performance is not good in comparison with designed ones. The indoor concentrations of various pollutants are found to be higher in comparison with outdoor, so there is an urgent need to reduce the levels of pollutants inside the primary classrooms.

scholarly journals A Biplot-Based PCA Approach to Study the Relations between Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollutants Using Case Study Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Ravi Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
School Site ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Air Quality Data ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The 24 h and 14-day relationship between indoor and outdoor PM2.5, PM10, NO2, relative humidity, and temperature were assessed for an elementary school (site 1), a laboratory (site 2), and a residential unit (site 3) in Gainesville city, Florida. The primary aim of this study was to introduce a biplot-based PCA approach to visualize and validate the correlation among indoor and outdoor air quality data. The Spearman coefficients showed a stronger correlation among these target environmental measurements on site 1 and site 2, while it showed a weaker correlation on site 3. The biplot-based PCA regression performed higher dependency for site 1 and site 2 (p < 0.001) when compared to the correlation values and showed a lower dependency for site 3. The results displayed a mismatch between the biplot-based PCA and correlation analysis for site 3. The method utilized in this paper can be implemented in studies and analyzes high volumes of multiple building environmental measurements along with optimized visualization.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS OBTIDOS POR ESTAÇÕES CONVENCIONAIS E AUTOMÁTICAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL*

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
Aureliano De Albuquerque Ribeiro ◽  
Aderson Soares De Andrade Júnior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira Da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Simeão ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Meteorological Elements

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS OBTIDOS POR ESTAÇÕES CONVENCIONAIS E AUTOMÁTICAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL*  AURELIANO DE ALBUQUERQUE RIBEIRO1; ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR2; EVERALDO MOREIRA DA SILVA3; MARCELO SIMEÃO4 E EDSON ALVES BASTOS2 1Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, bloco 804, 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, [email protected] Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, PI, [email protected], [email protected] Professor Adjunto II da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, [email protected] Mestre em Agronomia: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, [email protected]*Extraído da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor  1 RESUMOO registro de elementos climáticos é efetuado por estações meteorológicas convencionais e automáticas. Porém, por questões operacionais e de custo, as estações automáticas estão substituindo as convencionais. Contudo, para que as séries de dados dessas estações sejam únicas, há a necessidade de estudos comparativos entre as duas estações. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar dados meteorológicos obtidos por estações convencionais (EMC) e automáticas (EMA) em municípios do Estado do Piauí (Paulistana, Picos, São João do Piauí, Floriano, Parnaíba e Piripiri). Os elementos meteorológicos avaliados foram: temperaturas do ar máxima (°C) mínima (ºC) e média (ºC), umidade relativa média do ar (%), velocidade do vento a 10 m (m s-1), precipitação pluviométrica (mm) e pressão atmosférica média (hPa). As comparações dos dados foram feitas por meio dos seguintes indicadores estatísticos: precisão (R2), erro absoluto médio (EAM), coeficiente de correlação (r), índice de concordância de Willmott (d) e índice de confiança (c). Os melhores ajustes dos dados foram constatados para a precipitação e pressão atmosférica; intermediários, para a temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar média e os piores, para a velocidade do vento. A umidade relativa média do ar foi o elemento analisado que mostrou as maiores diferenças entre a EMC e a EMA. Palavras-chave: Agrometeorologia, elementos climáticos, sensores. RIBEIRO, A. A.; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A. S.; SILVA, E.M.; SIMEÃO, M.; BASTOS, E.A.COMPARISON OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED BY CONVENTIONAL AND AUTOMATIC STATIONS IN PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL   2 ABSTRACTClimatic elements are recorded by both conventional and automatic weather stations. However, due to cost and operational issues, automatic stations are replacing the conventional. So that  data sets from these stations are unique, there is a need for comparative studies between the two types of stations. The aim of this study was to compare meteorological data obtained by conventional and automatic stations in towns of the State of Piauí, Brazil (Paulistana, Picos, São João do Piauí, Floriano and Piripiri).The meteorological elements evaluated were: maximum (°C) minimum (°C) and average (°C) air temperature, average relative humidity (%), wind speed at 10 m (m s-1), rainfall (mm) and average atmospheric pressure (hPa). Data comparison was by the following statistical indicators: precision (R2), mean absolute error (EAM), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Willmott’s index of agreement (d) and confidence index (c).  The best data adjustments were observed for rainfall and atmospheric pressure; intermediates for the air temperature, average relative humidity and worst for the wind speed.  The air average relative humidity was the analyzed element that showed the greatest differences between EMC and EMA. Keywords: Agrometeorology, meteorological elements, sensors 

CONCERNING THE FACTORS FORMING THE HUMIDITY MODE OF BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
N.G. VOLKOVA ◽  
◽  
E.Y. TSESHKOVSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Negative Phenomena

Climate change affects cities and settlements in the Russian Federation. In addition to the increase in outdoor air temperature, its relative humidity also changes. Increasing humidity in the internal environment of buildings leads to negative phenomena, such as dampness of the room, which has a negative impact on the well-being of people and the safety of buildings 'enclosing structures. In some cases, in addition to General exchange ventilation, it is possible to regulate the humidity state of the premises by using a sorbing material as a lining for the interior surface of the premises. In NIISF RAASN, analytical and mathematical studies of the humidity state of premises in the annual operation cycle were conducted, which showed that the relative humidity in the room can be regulated by using the correct selected sorbing material.

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