scholarly journals Report on earthquake-induced failures of rural buildings aimed at future preservation strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bovo ◽  
Alberto Barbaresi ◽  
Daniele Torreggiani ◽  
Patrizia Tassinari
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Residential Use ◽  
Intended Use

The rural landscape is undergoing rapid changes, and catastrophic events, such as earthquakes, can speed up this mutation, bringing to a loss of its traditional signs. In May 2012, two strong seismic events hit the Emilia Romagna region, in northern Italy. Those earthquakes caused several damages and collapses to historical rural buildings, highlighting their high seismic vulnerability. In this paper, damages and collapses collected in the aftermath surveys on 22 rural historical buildings, are presented and commented. It was observed that in the area hit by the earthquake few recurrent typologies are present, and buildings of the same typology showed similar damage mechanisms. Therefore, in order to define the most typical damages affecting rural constructions, the building stock has been classified in different categories, based on plan distribution and intended use of each building. The first criterion suggests considering isolated and composed buildings. The second separates the structures in dwellings for residential use, stable-haylofts and buildings used for other minor services. The outcomes presented in this paper allowed to identify the rural building typologies most vulnerable to earthquakes and to define recurring deficiencies for the various categories. In general, the main reasons of the collapses can be ascribed to lack of effective connections between orthogonal walls, poor connections between floor elements and walls, and excessive flexibility of floor diaphragms.

scholarly journals Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sandoli ◽  
G. P. Lignola ◽  
B. Calderoni ◽  
A. Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Building from Ottoman Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
pp. 734-764
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hrasnica ◽  
Amir Čaušević ◽  
Nerman Rustempašić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Scale Design

Traditional art of building in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises brick or stone masonry structures. Most historical buildings belonging to national cultural heritage were made of stone-masonry. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe. In the case of strong earthquake motion such buildings could suffer heavy damages. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, cracked already by moderate earthquake but without the loss of stability. Substantial damages were caused by recent war disaster. Damages could be accumulated through the history as well. Generally, stone-masonry buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified in vulnerability classes between A and C according to European Macroseismic Scale. Design and construction procedures for rehabilitation are presented here with examples of repair and strengthening of mosques, which present historical stone masonry structures dating from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditional and contemporary materials were used for their rehabilitation. It is important to preserve original forms, especially those of damaged elements. The challenge for structural engineers and architects was to find equilibrium between aesthetical and structural demands.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Building from Ottoman Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
pp. 1142-1173
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hrasnica ◽  
Amir Čaušević ◽  
Nerman Rustempašić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Scale Design

Traditional art of building in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises brick or stone masonry structures. Most historical buildings belonging to national cultural heritage were made of stone-masonry. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe. In the case of strong earthquake motion such buildings could suffer heavy damages. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, cracked already by moderate earthquake but without the loss of stability. Substantial damages were caused by recent war disaster. Damages could be accumulated through the history as well. Generally, stone-masonry buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified in vulnerability classes between A and C according to European Macroseismic Scale. Design and construction procedures for rehabilitation are presented here with examples of repair and strengthening of mosques, which present historical stone masonry structures dating from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditional and contemporary materials were used for their rehabilitation. It is important to preserve original forms, especially those of damaged elements. The challenge for structural engineers and architects was to find equilibrium between aesthetical and structural demands.

Strengthening and Modernization of a Characteristic Masonry Building in Vienna, Austria

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Stefanoudakis ◽  
Eftychia Apostolidi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Before And After

Historical buildings from the period of Promoterism constructed between 1850 and 1910, called “Gründezeitgebäude,” represent a main part of the building stock in Vienna. A typical building from this period is presented, along with the pathology of such buildings. A step-by-step strengthening and modernization strategy is described, including structural analysis data and design of sections data before and after interventions, along with detailing according to the respective codes.

Non-linear Methods for the Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Masonry Historical Buildings

2021 ◽  
pp. 651-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Croce ◽  
Filippo Landi ◽  
Paolo Formichi ◽  
Maria Luisa Beconcini ◽  
Benedetta Puccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals An Integrated HBIM Simulation Approach for Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Implemented in a Case Study of a Medieval Fortress in Italy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Piselli ◽  
Jessica Romanelli ◽  
Matteo Di Grazia ◽  
Augusto Gavagni ◽  
Elisa Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Retrofit

The Italian building stock consists of buildings mainly constructed until the mid-20th century using pre-industrial construction techniques. These buildings require energy refurbishment that takes into account the preservation of their architectural heritage. In this view, this work studies an innovative integrated modelling and simulation framework consisting of the implementation of Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for the energy retrofit of historical buildings with renewable geothermal HVAC system. To this aim, the field case study is part of a medieval complex in Central Italy (Perugia), as representative ancient rural offshore architecture in the European countryside. The system involves of a ground source heat pump, a water tank for thermal-energy storage connected to a low-temperature radiant system, and an air-handling unit. The building heating energy performance, typically influenced by thermal inertia in historical buildings, when coupled to the novel HVAC system, is comparatively assessed against a traditional scenario implementing a natural-gas boiler, and made inter-operative within the HBIM ad hoc platform. Results show that the innovative renewable energy system provides relevant benefits while preserving minor visual and architectural impact within the historical complex, and also in terms of both energy saving, CO2 emissions offset, and operation costs compared to the traditional existing system. The integrated HBIM approach may effectively drive the path toward regeneration and re-functioning of heritage in Europe.

Seismic vulnerability and risk analysis of the old building stock at urban scale: application to a neighbourhood in Lisbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2901-2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Lamego ◽  
Paulo B. Lourenço ◽  
Maria L. Sousa ◽  
Rui Marques
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Building Stock

scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability and Property Losses to the Portuguese Industrial Steel Building Stock

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Miguel Araújo ◽  
José Miguel Castro ◽  
Mário Marques
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Steel Building ◽  
Property Losses

Industry plays a key role in the economy of a country, people welfare and socio-economic resilience to natural disasters. Earthquakes are known to have damaging impacts on industrial property and activity, oftentimes resulting in costly structural and non-structural losses to industrial buildings, business closure, production failure and job losses. Notwithstanding this fact, the industrial building stock has been continuously excluded from seismic risk models developed for Portugal as it is usually assumed that industrial buildings are expected to withstand strong earthquakes due to their lightweight and design governed by wind loads. The aim of this paper is thus to give a first contribution to the assessment of the seismic vulnerability and property losses of the existing Portuguese industrial steel building stock. Both losses to structural and non-structural components and industry-specific contents, such as production equipment and machinery, are taken into account. The expected direct industrial property losses for a probability of exceedance of 10 % in 50 years for mainland Portugal are herein estimated.

scholarly journals Fragility Curves for Italian Urm Buildings Based on a Hybrid Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandoli ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Bruno Calderoni ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

Abstract A hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions.Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure (IM) to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minim value of PGAs defined for each buildings class.To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber (MCS) macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed.Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

scholarly journals From the Efficiency of Nature to Parametric Design. A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Building Renovation in Seismic Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano D’Urso ◽  
Bruno Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Structural Shape ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stability Energy

Cities are growing dramatically. At the same time, we are witnessing the obsolescence of the existing building stock due to its low performance in terms of structural stability, energy efficiency and, last but not least, beauty. Especially in Italy, a highly seismic country, most of the buildings erected between the 1950s and the 1980s are not only earthquake-prone but also aesthetically unpleasant. In this perspective, the urgency of improving the existing building stock in terms of seismic vulnerability opens up the opportunity to also work on its architectural image. This article draws from the assumption that the search for beauty represents an important and often neglected dimension of the search for sustainability. In particular, the presented study suggests and combines the use of parametric design and the structural shape of steel exoskeletons to renovate a typical earthquake-prone apartment block from the 1960s in Italy. The results show that the proposed parametric approach can provide and select different effective renovation solutions.

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