scholarly journals Exposure to vibrations in wine growing

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Pessina ◽  
Davide Facchinetti
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Pesticide Distribution ◽  
Tractor Driver ◽  
High Level

Apart the winter period, the activity in specialized agricultural cultivations (i.e. wine- and fruit-growing) is distributed for a long period of the year. Some tasks, such as pesticide distribution, are repeated several times during the growing season. On the other hand, mechanization is one of the pillars on which is based the modern agriculture management. As a consequence, in wine growing the tractor driver has to be considered a worker potentially subjected to high level of vibrations, due to the poor machinery conditions often encountered, and sometimes to the rough soil surface of the vineyard combined with the high travelling speed adopted in carrying out many operations. About vibrations, the Italian Decree 81/08 basically refers to the European Directive 2002/44/CE, that provides some very strict limits of exposure, both for whole body and hand-arm districts. In Oltrepo pavese, a large hilly area located the south part of the Pavia province (Lombardy - Italy) wine growing is the main agricultural activity; for this reason, a detailed survey on the vibration levels recorded at the tractor driver’s seat was carried out, in order to ascertain the real risk to which the operators are exposed. The activity in wine growing has been classified into 6 groups of similar tasks, as follows: 1. canopy management: pruning, trimming, binding, stripping, etc.; 2. soil management: harrowing, hoeing, subsoiling etc.; 3. inter-row management: chopping of pruning , pinching, grass mowing, etc.; 4. crop protection: pesticides and fungicides distribution, sulfidation, foliar fertilization, etc.; 5. grape harvesting: manual or mechanical; 6. transport: from the vineyard to the cellar. For each group of tasks, the vibration levels on 3 the traditional axes (x, y and z) were recorded, and then an exposure time was calculated for each of them, in order to ascertain the risk level in comparison to what provided by the dedicated standard. Finally, a detailed study was conducted on the most dangerous working conditions, with the goal to offer solutions able to reduce the overall exposure, as improving the comfort level, as to shorten the working time when possible and/or to provide suitable periods of rest.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

Injury prevention knowledge, beliefs and strategies in elite female footballers at the FIFA Women’s World Cup France 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103131
Author(s):  
Celeste Geertsema ◽  
Liesel Geertsema ◽  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Joar Harøy ◽  
Chelsea Oester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Women's Football

ObjectivesThis study assessed knowledge, beliefs and practices of elite female footballers regarding injury prevention.MethodsA survey was sent to players participating in the FIFA Women’s World Cup France 2019. Questions covered three injury prevention domains: (1) knowledge; (2) attitudes and beliefs; (3) prevention practices in domestic clubs. Additionally, ACL injury history was assessed.ResultsOut of 552 players, 196 women responded (35.5%). More than 80% of these considered injury risk to be moderate or high. Players listed knee, ankle, thigh, head and groin as the most important injuries in women’s football. The most important risk factors identified were low muscle strength, followed by poor pitch quality, playing on artificial turf, too much training, reduced recovery and hard tackles. In these elite players, 15% did not have any permanent medical staff in their domestic clubs, yet more than 75% had received injury prevention advice and more than 80% performed injury prevention exercises in their clubs. Players identified the two most important implementation barriers as player motivation and coach attitude. Two-thirds of players used the FIFA 11+ programme in their clubs.ConclusionsThis diverse group of elite players demonstrated good knowledge of risk level and injury types in women’s football. Of the risk factors emphasised by players, there was only one intrinsic risk factor (strength), but several factors out of their control (pitch quality and type, training volume and hard tackles). Still players had positive attitudes and beliefs regarding injury prevention exercises and indicated a high level of implementation, despite a lack of medical support.

scholarly journals Carebots

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (09) ◽  
pp. S8-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Marinho ◽  
Christopher Widdowson ◽  
Amy Oetting ◽  
Arun Lakshmanan ◽  
Hang Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
High Level ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Flying Robots

This article demonstrates a multidisciplinary approach that proposes to augment future caregiving by prolonged independence of older adults. The human–robot system allows the elderly to cooperate with small flying robots through an appropriate interface. ASPIRE provides a platform where high-level controllers can be designed to provide a layer of abstraction between the high-level task requests, the perceptual needs of the users, and the physical demands of the robotic platforms. With a robust framework that has the capability to account for human perception and comfort level, one can provide perceived safety for older adults, and further, add expressively that facilitates communication and interaction continuously throughout the stimulation. The proposed framework relies on an iterative process of low-level controllers design through experimental data collected from psychological trials. Future work includes the exploration of multiple carebots to cooperatively assist in caregiving tasks based on human-centered design approach.

scholarly journals Allogeneic chimerism with low-dose irradiation, antigen presensitization, and costimulator blockade in H-2 mismatched mice

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Quesenberry ◽  
Suju Zhong ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Marc Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Dose Irradiation ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
High Level

Abstract We have previously shown that the keys to high-level nontoxic chimerism in syngeneic models are stem cell toxic, nonmyelotoxic host treatment as provided by 100-cGy whole-body irradiation and relatively high levels of marrow stem cells. This approach was unsuccessful in H-2 mismatched B6.SJL to BALB/c marrow transplants, but with tolerization, stable multilineage chimerism was obtained. Ten million B6.SJL spleen cells were infused intravenously into BALB/c hosts on day −10 and (MR-1) anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody (mAb) injected intraperitoneally at varying levels on days −10, −7, −3, 0, and +3 and the BALB/c mice irradiated (100 cGy) and infused with 40 million B6.SJL/H-2 mismatched marrow cells on day 0. Stable multilineage chimerism at levels between 30% to 40% was achieved in the great majority of mice at 1.6 mg anti-CD40 ligand mAb per injection out to 64 weeks after transplantation, without graft-versus-host disease. The transplanted mice were also tolerant of donor B6.SJL, but not third-party CBA/J skin grafts at 8 to 9 and 39 to 43 weeks after marrow transplantation. These data provide a unique model for obtaining stable partial chimerism in H-2 mismatched mice, which can be applied to various clinical diseases of man such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and autoimmune disorders.

Combinations of nonlabeled, 125I-Labeled, and Anti-Idiotypic Antiplacental Alkaline Phosphatase Monoclonal Antibodies at Experimental Radioimmunotargeting

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rossi Norrlund ◽  
D. Holback ◽  
L. Johansson ◽  
S.-O. Hietala ◽  
K. Riklund Åhlström
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dose Ratio ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cell Line Hela ◽  
High Level

Purpose: Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is a membrane-bound oncofetal antigen that can be used for radioimmunotargeting. Preinjection of nonlabeled monoclonal anti-PLAP antibody (H7) and postinjection of monoclonal anti-idiotypic anti-PLAP antibody (αPH7) were used in order to improve the localization efficacy of 125I-labeled H7 Material and Methods: A human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa Hep 2) was inoculated subcutaneously in 24 nude mice. Repeated quantitative radioimmunoscintigraphic recordings were performed on 27 occasions in each of the 24 mice during the observation period which lasted for nearly 3 months. the tumor and nontumor doses were calculated according to the Medical International Radiation Dose Committee formula on the basis of the scintigraphic data Results: All tumors were clearly visualized as early as one day after injection of 125I-labeled H7. the remaining radioactivity was exclusively located in the tumors at days 30–81. as much as 12–16% of the injected dose/g accumulated in the tumors during the first 2 days after injection, and remained stable at this high level for approximately 10 days in all investigated groups. Radioactivity in the whole body was rapidly eliminated during the same time period. the highest tumor/nontumor dose ratio was obtained after a single injection of 125I-labeled H7 Conclusion: Neither a preinjection of nonlabeled H7 nor a postinjection of αPH7 nor a combination of both strategies resulted in improved tumor/nontumor dose ratios compared to a single injection of labeled H7. the monoclonal antibody H7 has a rapid and high uptake, combined with a prolonged retention time in the tumors. the kinetic properties of H7 are different from antibodies targeting intracellular tumor antigens

scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO BENCANA TANAH LONGSOR DI KECAMATAN SUKASADA, KABUPATEN BULELENG

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
I Wayan Gede Eka Saputra ◽  
I.P.G. Ardhana ◽  
I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Effort ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Sukasada Sub-District is a region that is largely a hilly area with steep slopes, rainfall intensity is high enough and unstable ground conditions. This leads that the Sub-District of Sukasada becomes potential for the occurrence of landslides. Mitigation effort is therefore necessary to reduce the risk of landslides that may occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of threats, vulnerabilities and capacities of level landslides in Sub-District of Sukasada. In addition to the above objectives, the study also aims to formulate strategies for disaster risk reduction of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada. The results showed the threat of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is covering 11.169 hectares or 69,51% of the total area. High threat level area is around 727 hectares, the threat level is covering 7.717 hectares and a low threat level area is around 2.725 hectares. The level of vulnerability of landslides in Sub- District of Sukasada ranges from moderate to high. The highest vulnerability level (0.83) is located in some villages, such as: Pancasari, Pegayaman, Panji and Panji Anom Village. While the lowest level of vulnerability (0.66) is in Padangbulia Village. The level of local capacity to landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is low, with the resistance area index of 40,25 or capacity level of 0,2349. The level of risk of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is classified as moderate to high. Areas with moderate risk levels are covering 2.032 hectares and a high level of risk covering 7.171 hectares. Strategies that can be done to cope with disaster risk are to reduce the threat, reduce vulnerability and increase capacity. Areas with moderate risk level can be done non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation can be done in areas with a high level of risk.

scholarly journals Energy-sparing adaptations in human pregnancy assessed by whole-body calorimetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Prentice ◽  
G. R. Goldberg ◽  
H. L. Davies ◽  
P. R. Murgatroyd ◽  
W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
High Level

The hypothesis that the energy cost of human pregnancy can be minimized by energy-sparing metabolic adaptations was tested using serial 24 h whole-body calorimetry. Eight healthy, well-nourished women were studied prepregnant and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 weeks gestation. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) showed highly characteristic changes within each subject and large inter-individual differences (F 3.5, P < 0.01). Some subjects showed a highly significant depression of metabolism up to 24 weeks gestation in support of the initial hypothesis. At 36 weeks BMR ranged from +8.6 to +35.4% relative to the prepregnant baseline. This wide variability was not explained by differences in the amount of lean tissue gained. Women displaying the energy-sparing suppression of BMR tended to be thin, suggesting that changes in metabolism may be responsive to initial energy status (ΔBMR ν. prepregnant body fat: r 0.84, P < 0.005). Changes in 24 h energy expenditure closely paralleled changes in BMR (r 0.98, P < 0.001), since the energy cost of minor voluntary activity and thermogenesis remained very constant within each individual. Pregnancy decreased the net cost of weight-dependent and weight-independent standard exercises when expressed per kg body-weight: stepping – 10 (sd 2)%, P < 0.001 at 18–36 weeks, cycling - 26 (sd 7)%, P < 0.01 at 12–36 weeks. The average integrated maintenance costs of pregnancy matched previous group estimates from well-nourished women, but individual estimates ranged from - 16 to + 276 MJ (coefficient of variation 93%). This high level of variability has important implications for the prescription of incremental energy intakes during pregnancy. It may also have had evolutionary significance.

scholarly journals Lifelong Cytomegalovirus and Early-Life Irradiation Synergistically Potentiate Age-Related Defects in Response to Vaccination and Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Pugh ◽  
Christopher P. Coplen ◽  
Alona S. Sukhina ◽  
Jennifer L. Uhrlaub ◽  
Jose Padilla-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTA popular “DNA-damage theory” of aging posits that unrepaired DNA damage leads to cellular (and organismal) senescence. Indeed, some hallmarks of immune aging are more prevalent in individuals exposed to Whole-Body Irradiation (WBI). To test this hypothesis in a model relevant to human immune aging, we examined separate and joint effects of lifelong latent Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and early-life WBI (i) over the course of the lifespan; (ii) in response to a West Nile virus (WNV) live attenuated vaccine; and (iii) following lethal WNV challenge subsequent to vaccination. We recently published that a single dose of non-lethal WBI in youth, on its own, was not sufficient to accelerate aging of the murine immune system despite causing widespread DNA damage and repopulation stress in hematopoietic cells. However, 4Gy sub-lethal WBI caused manifest reactivation of MCMV. Following vaccination and challenge with WNV in the old age, MCMV-infected animals experiencing 4Gy, but not lower, dose of sub-lethal WBI in youth had reduced survival. By contrast, old irradiated mice lacking MCMV and MCMV-infected, but not irradiated, mice were both protected to the same high level as the old non-irradiated, uninfected controls. Analysis of the quality and quantity of anti-WNV immunity showed that higher mortality in MCMV-positive WBI mice correlated with increased levels of MCMV-specific immune activation during WNV challenge. Moreover, we demonstrate that infection, including that by WNV, led to MCMV reactivation. Our data suggest that MCMV reactivation may be an important determinant of increased late-life mortality following early-life irradiation and late-life acute infection.

scholarly journals Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice reveals whole body exposure to space radiation is not detrimental to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody W. Whoolery ◽  
Sanghee Yun ◽  
Ryan P. Reynolds ◽  
Melanie J. Lucero ◽  
Ivan Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Space Radiation ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTAstronauts on interplanetary space missions - such as to Mars - will be exposed to space radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles that includes 56Fe and 28Si. Earth-based preclinical studies with mature, “astronaut-aged” rodents show space radiation decreases performance in low- and some high-level cognitive tasks. Given the prevalence of touchscreens in astronaut training and in-mission assessment, and the ability of rodent touchscreen tasks to assess the functional integrity of brain circuits and multiple cognitive domains in a non-aversive way, it is surprising the effect of space radiation on rodent touchscreen performance is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, 6-month-old C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to whole-body space radiation and assessed on a touchscreen battery starting 1-month later. Relative to Sham, 56Fe irradiation did not overtly change performance on tasks of visual discrimination, reversal learning, rule-based, or object-spatial paired associates learning, suggesting preserved functional integrity of supporting brain circuits. Surprisingly, 56Fe irradiation led to better performance on a dentate gyrus-reliant task of pattern separation ability. Irradiated mice discriminated similar visual cues in ∼40% fewer days and ∼40% more accurately than control mice. Improved pattern separation was not touchscreen-, radiation-particle, or neurogenesis-dependent, as both 56Fe and 28Si irradiation led to faster context discrimination (e.g. Sham Block 5 vs. 56Fe Block 2) in a non-touchscreen task and 56Fe led to fewer new dentate gyrus neurons relative to Sham. These data urge revisitation of the broadly-held view that space radiation is detrimental to cognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstronauts on an interplanetary mission - such as to Mars - will be unavoidably exposed to galactic cosmic radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles. Rodent studies suggest space radiation is detrimental to cognition. However, here we show this is not universally true. Mature mice that received whole body exposure to Mars-relevant space radiation perform similarly to control mice on high-level cognitive tasks, reflecting the functional integrity of key neural circuits. Even more surprisingly, irradiated mice perform better than controls in both appetitive and aversive tests of pattern separation, a mission-critical task reliant on dentate gyrus integrity. Notably, improved pattern separation was not touchscreen-, radiation-particle-, or neurogenesis-dependent. Our work urges revisitation of the generally-accepted conclusion that space radiation is detrimental to cognition.

scholarly journals Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Martinus Robert Hutauruk ◽  
Mansyur Mansyur ◽  
Muhammad Rinaldi ◽  
Yisar Renza Situru
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Community Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Prediction Approach

Companies engaged in the food and beverage business have a very high chance of success in running their business, given the increasingly high level of food and beverage consumption for the community. Information based on financial ratios needs to be improved in other forms of financial analysis to ascertain the future risk level. The purpose of this study is to analyze financial distress for food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on conventional stocks and Islamic stocks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2020. Financial distress analysis uses the Altman Z-Score bankruptcy prediction approach. The results of the study indicate that companies that experience accounting losses do not necessarily experience financial distress. Companies whose shares are listed on the Sharia stock index tend to experience healthier financial conditions and do not experience financial distress. Sharia shares of food and beverage sub-sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange have good resistance to financial distress. This is supported by the high and stable value of Inti Agri Resources' shares compared to the shares of other companies.

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