scholarly journals Production and reuse of waste in rural area with high density of greenhouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Russo ◽  
Giuseppe Verdiani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Recovered Material ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Different Cultures

Agricultural activities cause the production of considerable amounts of waste sometimes dangerous that must be properly handled to avoid negative impacts on rural areas and on agroecosystems. The estimation of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of agricultural waste products and the capacity of rural land of transposing organic matter deriving from the processes of composting, is a key point for the planning and management of the waste integrated cycle. The aims of this study are the evaluation of the quantities of various types of agricultural waste on territorial scale, the amount of compost that can be used in rural areas affected by different cultures and the effectiveness of community composter in the treatment of vegetable agricultural waste for the production of green composted soil. These assessments were carried out in an area of study characterized by a high spatial density of greenhouses. The methodological procedure used is based on the use of agricultural waste production coefficients and maximum application rates of compost for cultivation. The results show the role and potential of the agricultural areas in the waste cycle from production to the potential reuse of recovered material.

scholarly journals The Review of Biomass Potential for Agricultural Biogas Production in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Anna Koryś ◽  
Agnieszka Ewa Latawiec ◽  
Katarzyna Grotkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Kuboń
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biomass Potential ◽  
Food Residues

Adequate management of biomass residues generated by agricultural and food industry can reduce their negative impacts on the environment. The alternative use for agricultural waste is production of biogas. Biomass feedstock intended as a substrate for the agricultural biogas plants may include energy crops, bio-waste, products of animal and plant origin and organic residues from food production. This study reviews the potential of selected biomass residues from the agri-food industry in terms of use for agricultural biogas production in Poland. The most common agri-food residues used as substrates for biogas plants in Poland are maize silage, slurry, and distillery waste. It is important that the input for the agricultural biogas installations can be based on local wastes and co-products that require appropriate disposal or storage conditions and might be burdensome for the environment. The study also discusses several limitations that might have an unfavourable impact regarding biogas plants development in Poland. Given the estimated biomass potential, the assumptions defining the scope of use of agricultural biogas and the undeniable benefits provided by biogas production, agricultural biogas plants should be considered as a promising branch of sustainable electricity and thermal energy production in Poland, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals SPEAR (Solar Pyrolysis Energy Access Reactor): Theoretical Design and Evaluation of a Small-Scale Low-Cost Pyrolysis Unit for Implementation in Rural Communities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Cesare Caputo ◽  
Ondřej Mašek
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Pyrolysis Unit

Energy access and waste management are two of the most pressing developmental and environmental issues on a global level to help mitigate the accelerating impacts of climate change. They are particularly relevant in Sub–Saharan Africa where electrification rates are significantly below global averages and rural areas are lacking a formal waste management sector. This paper explores the potential of integrating solar energy into a biomass pyrolysis unit as a potentially synergetic solution to both issues. The full design of a slow pyrolysis batch reactor targeted at biochar production, following a strict cost minimization approach, is presented in light of the relevant considerations. SPEAR is powered using a Cassegrain optics parabolic dish system, integrated into the reactor via a manual tracking system and optically optimized with a Monte-Carlo ray tracing methodology. The design approach employed has led to the development an overall cost efficient system, with the potential to achieve optical efficiencies up 72% under a 1.5° tracking error. The outputs of the system are biochar and electricity, to be used for soil amendment and energy access purposes, respectively. There is potential to pyrolyze a number of agricultural waste streams for the region, producing at least 5 kg of biochar per unit per day depending on the feedstock employed. Financial assessment of SPEAR yields a positive Net Present Value (NPV) in nearly all scenarios evaluated and a reasonable competitiveness with small scale solar for electrification objectives. Finally, SPEAR presents important positive social and environmental externalities and should be feasibly implementable in the region in the near term.

scholarly journals Older Adults and Opioid Education: Lessons Learned From Experiences in Rural Arkansas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Robin McAtee ◽  
Leah Tobey ◽  
Corey Hayes ◽  
Laura Spradley ◽  
Sajni Kumpuris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Farm Bureau ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract Nearly one-third of all Medicare participants were prescribed an opioid by their physician in 2015 (AARP, 2017) and in 2017, Arkansas had the 2nd highest opioid prescribing rate in the nation (CDC, 2019). Approaching older adults (OA) about opioids and pain management can be a sensitive topic. Educating and altering long-term treatment with opioids is especially challenging in rural areas where literacy, especially health literacy, is suboptimal. The Arkansas Geriatric Education Collaborative (AGEC) is a HRSA Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program with an objective to improve health outcomes including an emphasis to decrease the misuse and abuse of opioids among older Arkansans. To address this crisis, the AGEC partnered with local leaders such as the AR Drug Director, academia, Department of Health and Human Services, and multiple community based organizations to create age-tailored educational programs. Unique aspects of approaching and educating rural OA about opioids and pain management will be reviewed. Outcomes will be discussed such as their lack of knowledge about: what is an opioid, why they were prescribed, and what are viable alternatives. Also discussed will be lessons learned that resulted in more effective methods of reaching and teaching rural OA. Partnering with the AR Farm Bureau helped the AGEC reach 100’s of farmers in the extremely rural and mostly agricultural areas. Learning to not use the word opioid resulted in more participants and in a more positive attitude and outlook on attempts to change the culture of opioid use, misuse and abuse among older Arkansans.

Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Richardson ◽  
◽  
Eric Dixon ◽  
Ted Boettner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
Negative Impacts

Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.

scholarly journals The use of recycled waste products in a sustainable house design - a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04051
Author(s):  
Agnes Iringová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Current State ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
House Design ◽  
Family House ◽  
Recycled Waste

The current state of waste production and management in Slovakia. Legislative regulations. Analysis of applying recycled waste products in the construction of sustainable buildings as a substitution of non-renewable materials. The comparison of the physical parameters of recycled materials with non-renewable materials in terms of thermal and fire protection. The construction solution of lightweight building envelopes with a timber supporting system using the thermal insulation and facing made of recycled materials. The model solution of a wood-based family house using recycled waste materials. The comparison of the environmental burden of a standard lightweight sandwich peripheral wall with a recycled waste wall.

scholarly journals Utilisation of wastes as fertilisers with particular emphasis on the Bay of Plenty region

1991 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
R.D. Longhurst ◽  
M.F. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

Estimates of the wastes produced in the Bay of Plenty region indicate that 22 million m' (tonnes) is produced annually. The main contributors to waste production are the dairy industry (shed, factory),municipal sewage, pig, poultry, meatworks, kiwifruit, fishing and pulp and paper industries. In fertiliser terms these wastes are valued at $7.7 million. In addition the timber industry produces > 1 million tonnes of timber residues (sawdust, bark, woodchips) approximately 20% of which is currently dumped. Wastes, when recycled back on to the land, offer a potential source of nutrients to enhance pasture and crop production. In addition organic wastes provide a source of organic matter which may have beneficial effects on the physical properties of soils. Research results indicate that pumice soils are well suited to the application of wastes. Some general recommendations are given for the use of wastes in dairying, orcharding and cropping situations. Three factors are considered important for the successful utilisation of wastes (a) application rates need to be balanced to the nutrient needs of the soil-plant system (b) safeguards in the form of regular chemical monitoring of the effluent, soil, plant and animal need to be implemented, and(c) the economics of using the waste materials must be favourable to the farmer and orchardist. The principle of the producer of the waste paying for its safe disposal or utilisation needs to be adopted in New Zealand as it has in many overseas countries. Keywords nutrients, organic matter, waste recycling, pumice soils, fertiliser value

scholarly journals Integration Efforts in Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Judit Beke Lisányi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Downward Pressure ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Capital Intensive

The economic and political transition brought many challenges for the Hungarian agricultural sector. The break-up of large agricultural holdings had serious negative impacts on food production and on the export of agricultural products. Capital intensive profit-seeking intermediaries dominate the trading of agricultural goods that has injurious effects in terms of downward pressure on production prices and an increase in consumer prices. Cooperatives have a key role in effectively tackling the common challenges that small-scale producers have to face. More vertical integration along the food chain could contribute to providing rural employment and to an increase in living standards in rural areas. This study reviews the development, the specific features and the driving forces of modern cooperatives in Central Europe in general, and in Hungary in particular. The focus is on the integrator role of cooperatives and their future role in our globalised world. JEL Classification: Q10, Q13

scholarly journals Estimates and causes of fresh fruit post-harvest losses in the Chapadinha Microregion, Maranhão, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Luana Ribeiro Silva ◽  
Edmilson Igor Bernardo Almeida ◽  
Lusiane De Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Kessia Tenorio Figueirinha ◽  
Antonio Gabriel da Costa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Negative Impacts

Fruit growing contributes to Brazilian socioeconomic growth, both as a source of food for the population and in the generation of employment and income. However, the production chain incurs significant negative impacts, mainly due to post-harvest losses. The objective of the current study was to estimate the post-harvest losses of fruits, occurring in the retail markets of Anapurus, Belágua, Mata Roma, São Benedito do Rio Preto and Urbano Santos (Maranhão State). The study was carried out with visits to 45 commercial establishments, and the deployment of a questionnaire regarding post-harvest losses of 12 fruits. It is concluded that, in decreasing order, losses were: avocado (11.76 ± 0.09%) > papaya (11.65% ± 0.02) > banana (10.82 ± 1.75%) > grape (10.08 ± 0.06%) > passion fruit (9.28 ± 0.04%) > pineapple (8.62 ± 0.04%) > watermelon (8.48 ± 0.05%) > mango (8.00 ± 0.18%) > orange (7.12 ± 0.10%) > apple (6.68 ± 0.07%) > pear (6.52 ± 0.03%) > melon (4.32 ± 0.01%). Physiological disorders were the main cause of losses, with estimated losses being up to 10.62%. It is suggested that losses could be reduced with: better hygiene in commercial environments, effective planning of the quantities offered, and the adoption of low cost technologies for the conservation and refrigeration of temperate fruits. Some public initiatives, such as the increase in availability of training courses, improvement of roads in the rural areas of the Chapadinha Microregion, and encouragement of the expansion of fruit growing in Maranhão, may lead to improvements, with direct benefits to society in general.

scholarly journals Religion, Moral and Modernisation of Urban Society: A Study on the Roles of Religion in Youth Development in Lampung, Republic of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Suhandi ◽  
Azhar Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Process Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Multi Access ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Role Of Religion

Modernisation is the consequence of the demands of the development that brings negative impacts to the society. It is undeniable that modernization also brings abundance of positive impacts that ease the life of people and that modernization and humanization cannot be separated. In this context, the youth are considered as unstable being, who easily being controlled by multi-access communication technology; from social, fashion, behaviour, lifestyle, and ideology. Almost all of the damaging sides of technology affect the youth. Religion as the spiritual agent has a major role in combating this change in the society. Religion can act as the social control to hinder from immoral behaviour and worthless actions among the society. The main issue in the current study is to investigate the role of religion in strengthening the moral among the teenagers. This research was conducted by using qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, interview and documentation. The participants of this research were the people of the rural areas in Bandar Lampung. After data collection was carried out, the data were processed qualitatively using the data reduction process, data exposure, and data verification. To conclude, the existence of the negative effects of modernization resulted from lack of religious virtues and parents’ control over their children’s social behaviour.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S LOGISTIC SYSTEM: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Anatolii MAZARAKI ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla KHARSUN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Transformational processes in modern supply chains are experiencing a significant impact of global environmental problems and are focused on increasing the level of efficiency of the supply chains’ operation and ensuring the competitiveness of goods passing through them towards the end consumer. On the one hand, the parameters of all parts of the logistics chains must be in line with the international environmental requirements; on the other hand, compliance with the principles of environmental friendliness serves as a prerequisite for meeting the needs of modern consumers with a high level of environmental awareness. Logistics operations are a source of negative impacts on the natural environment. First of all, this concerns greenhouse gas emissions during transportation, waste products and packaging materials, noise and dust pollution, landscape changes and the use of natural resources. Therefore, environmental challenges stipulate the cooperation of all participants in supply chains, aimed at creating and implementing the effective environmental strategies and logistics concepts. The need for ecologization of Ukraine’s transport and logistics system is dictated by the need to achieve a high level of its competitiveness as an element of the global supply chain network. And although the domestic logistics system by a number of indicators is characterized by a low level of environmental friendliness, there is a consoling positive tendency to realize the need for an environmental orientation of its development both among the state authorities, and the logistics operators themselves.

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