scholarly journals SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 1: EFFECT OF WALKING DIRECTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cerruto ◽  
Giuseppe Emma ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Stage ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Simple Change

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in two tomato greenhouses to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using hand-held highpressure spray lances. Two operating ways (forward vs. backwards operator movement) and two different plant vegetative stages (pre-production vs. full development) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with one factor (the operator walking direction) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates were settled according to the plant development: 900 L/ha in pre-production stage and 1800 L/ha at full development stage. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two walking directions in both development stages. The greatest differences among the sampling locations were observed in pre-production stage, when, due to the spraying technique (spray jet directed from top to bottom), the foliar deposits in the low part of the canopy were much lower than those in the middle and high part. Also ground losses were unaffected by walking direction: they ranged on average from 14.3% to 23.5% of the applied volume rate. Finally, the dermal operator exposure was greatly affected by walking direction: at full development stage, it was 8 times higher walking forward than walking backwards. So, this simple change in field practice can noticeably improve the operator safety, without penalising working capacity and quality of deposition.

scholarly journals SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 2: EFFECT OF SPRAY LANCE TYPE

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cerruto ◽  
Giuseppe Emma ◽  
Giuseppe Manetto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Internal Layer ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean

The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in a greenhouse with full developed tomato plants to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using handheld high pressure spray lances and when walking backwards during treatments. Two spray lance types (conventional with one nozzle and Yamaho C-6 with two steel nozzles, each with two orifices) and two working pressures (10 and 20 bar) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with two factors (spray lance and pressure) was adopted, arranged according to a randomised block design with three replicates. Volume application rates ranged from 775 up to 1252 L/ha, but all data were normalised to 1000 L/ha. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean foliar deposition between the two spray lances and the two working pressures. However, the higher pressure improved significantly the deposit into the internal layer of the canopy (+57%), whereas the Yamaho C-6 spray lance produced a higher deposit on the external layer at any pressure. The greatest differences between external and internal layer were mainly concentrated in the middle and high parts of the canopy, where there were 55 007_Cerruto(557)_49 18-11-2009 11:59 Pagina 55 the highest values of LAI and number of foliar layers. The fraction of the applied volume rate on the ground was on average 25 percent and it was affected only by the pressure value: it increased from 21.7 to 28.7 percent when the pressure increased from 10 to 20 bar, due mainly to the contribution of the conventional spray lance under the sprayed twin-rows. Finally, neither pressure nor spray lance type affected significantly the dermal operator exposure. Upper limbs accounted for 51 percent of the total exposure, while trunk and lower limbs accounted for 24 percent each. The body parts more exposed were the left arm and the hands, but also relatively high was the deposit on the respirator, so operators should ever wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals SUGARCANE CROPS WITH CONTROLLED WATER DEFICIT IN THE SUB-MIDDLE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
WELSON LIMA SIMÕES ◽  
MARCELO CALGARO ◽  
MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES ◽  
ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
MÍRIAN PAULA MEDEIROS ANDRÉ PINHEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Technological Quality

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is one of the most affected crops by water scarcity. The efficient use of the irrigation water is an alternative to minimize this problem. The objective of this work was to evaluate biometric parameters, yield, and technological quality of sugarcane plants subjected to different controlled water deficit regimes in the sub-middle São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in two crop cycles, with three replications, with ten treatments consisted of three controlled water deficits (15%, 30%, and 45% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc), applied at three development stages of the plant - sprouting and tillering (Stage I), grand growth (Stage II), and maturation (Stage III) - and a control with 100% of the ETc throughout the entire crop cycle. The controlled water deficit did not affect the technological quality of the sugarcane in any development stage. The sugarcane yield was higher when using a controlled water deficit of 30% of ETc in the sprouting and tillering stages of the plants. The water deficit of 15% of ETc is recommended for the grand growth, or maturation stages of the sugarcane plants for a greater water use efficiency of the production system.

scholarly journals Synchronizing coffee blossoming and fruit ripening in irrigated crops of the Brazilian Cerrado Mineiro Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Rodrigues Miranda ◽  
Luis Cesar Dias Drumond ◽  
Cláudio Pagotto Ronchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Non-uniform blossoming due to deficit irrigation is common in perennial crops such as coffee. It usually leads to uneven ripening of fruits and impairs harvesting efficiency and quality of coffee. The effect of different water deficit periods was evaluated on development stage of flower bud at blossoming stages in coffee plantations. We also evaluated the effect of water deficit on growth, productivity, maturation, and physical quality of the bean. Two identical trials were performed on 19-month-old Coffea arabica cultivars (‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144’ and ‘Bourbon Amarelo J9’), from June 2008 to July 2009. Irrigation was suspended and resumed at different times (seven treatments) at the pre-flowering stage using a randomized block design with four replicates. The cultivars reached different levels of deficit for the same period of suspended irrigation. In ‘Catuaí’, 60% of the flower buds opened after the coffee plants were exposed to water deficit from early or late June to early September. In ‘Bourbon’, even the longer water deficit period (06/09 to 09/07) did not induce blossoming greater than 20%. Growth was slightly affected during the water withholding period, but not in the subsequent evaluations in October or January. In both cultivars, drought promoted a higher percentage of ripe cherries at harvest than continuous irrigation, regardless of treatment. In conclusion, although blossoming was not a single concentrated event, especially in ‘Bourbon’, withholding irrigation in the pre-flowering stage contributed to uniform fruit ripening in both Arabica coffee cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of micronutrient application on different attributes of potato in floodplain soils of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMH Sarker ◽  
AZM Moslehuddin ◽  
M Jahiruddin ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Almost All

Different crops have variations in their responses to applied micronutrients in soil. A study was conducted on floodplain soil of Bangladesh to explore the response of potato to application of micronutrients in soil. The experimental site was located at farmers’ field in Chandina upazila under Cumilla district of Bangladesh covering the soils of Old Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ 19) during 2011-12. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications of each treatment was used in the experiment, where seven treatments including a control were tested. Additive element trial technique was followed while designing the treatments taking six micronutrients i. e. Zn, B, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mo at the rate of 3, 2, 2, 3, 5 and 1 kg ha-1, respectively. Macronutrients, such as N, P, K and S were applied at recommended rates to all plots. The highest tuber yield (28.7 t ha-1) was produced by the combined application of Zn and B. Only Zn application was sufficient to obtain the highest content of protein as well as content of almost all the nutrients in potato tuber. Antagonistic relation between Zn and P in soil-plant system was recorded in the study. Zinc and boron application influenced different growth and yield parameters of potato while the other four added micronutrients did not have any significant effect but combined application of Zn, B, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mo had beneficial role for better plant growth and production. Proper management of zinc and boron fertilizers including optimization of application rates of those nutrients can help to uphold the yield and quality of potato in floodplain soil. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 97-108 (2018)

scholarly journals Quality Profiles of the Traditional Shrimp Paste of Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
B R Handayani ◽  
Zainuri ◽  
M D Ariyana ◽  
T I Rahayu ◽  
M Amaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Abstract Shrimp paste is very much needed in NTB culinary. Several Micro small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Lombok produce shrimp paste. This study aimed to determine the chemical and physical quality of shrimp paste produced by MSMEs on the island of Lombok. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design and a single factor experiment with sampling locations, namely Shrimp paste of Putri Nyale (Jerowaru), Jero Acan (Jerowaru), TelukJor (Jerowaru), Lakara Salwa (Pringgabaya), Udang Rebon (Lembar) and SasakMaiq (BatuLayar). Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 21 experimental units. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance at a 5% significance level using Co-Stat software. Significant different data were further tested with HSD test. The results showed that the moisture content, pH, hardness (texture) and color (Hue o) of shrimp paste from all producers were significantly different. There was a tendency that the higher the moisture content, the lower the hardness value (shrimp texture). Shrimp paste of Sasaq Maiq has the highest hardness of 39631. 98 kg/cm2 with the lowest moisture content of 23.21 %. Shrimp paste of Putri Nyale has the lowest hardness with the highest moisture content of 37. 55 %. Moisture content of Lakara Salwa shrimp paste and SasakMaiq does not meet the quality standards of shrimp paste (SNI 01-2716.1-2009). The acidity level of shrimp paste produced by MSMEs in Lombok is significantly different with a range of 6.4 to 7.57 which is influenced by the length of fermentation applied. Based on Hue°, the Lakara Salwa shrimp paste produces a red color range due to the use of dyes and other shrimp paste has a yellow red color with the use of natural raw materials.

Kualitas Semen Cair Kambing Boer Berbahan Pengencer Air Kelapa Muda Varietas Viridis Setelah Simpan Dingin

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ade Salim ◽  
Muhammad Nur Ihsan ◽  
Nur Isnaini ◽  
Trinil Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

ABSTRAKAir kelapa muda varietas viridisdapat dijadikan pengencer aletrnatif semen cair bagi program IB di daerah minim sarana semen beku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan air kelapa muda viridissebagai bahan pengencer terhadap kualitas semen cair kambing Boer setelah didinginkan. Dilaksanakanselama 3 bulan di Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan UBUnit SumberSekar,Malang. Metodenya yaitu eksperimen. Semen dari  3 pejantan Boer umur 3-5 tahun, dikoleksi seminggu sekali dengan VB. Air kelapa mudaviridis umur 5-7 bulan serta tris aminomethane sebagai kontrol. Didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu P0 (tris aminomethane + 10% KT) dan  P1 (air kelapa muda viridis + 10% KT) masing-masing diulang 10 kali. Data dianalisis dengan analisis Ragam (Anova) dengan software Genstat 18. Variabelnya yaitu motilitas individu, viabilitas dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian yaitu motilitas individu pada P1bertahan sampai 4 hari (40,5± 24,3%), viabilitas terbaik sampai hari ke-5 (42±24,6%), abnormalitas terendah di hari ke-7(1,31± 0,6). Kesimpulannya, Pengencer air kelapa muda viridis dapat mempertahankan kualitas semen cair kambing Boer selama 4 hari untuk motilitas dan 5 hari untuk viabilitas.Kata Kunci:pengencer, air kelapa, varietas viridisABSTRACTYoung viridis coconut water could be used as an alternative to liquid semen diluent for artificial insemination program in the area with limited facility for frozen semen production. This study evaluated the use of young coconut water as a diluent on liquid semen quality of Boer goat after cold storage. This study was carried out for 3 months at Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The semen was collected from 3 Boer bucks aged at 3 to 5 years old. The semen collection was done once a week with the aid of artificial vagina. The diluents used were young Viridis coconut (5 to 7 months old) and tris aminomethane. The method used was an experiment in a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments used were T0: tris aminomethane + 10% egg yolk (control) and T1:  young Viridis coconut water + 10% egg yolk. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using Genstat 18 software. The variables measured were sperm individual motility, viability, and abnormality. The results showed that the sperm individual motility in T1 survived up to 4 days (40.5± 24.3%), the best viability at 5 days (42.0±24.6%),  while the lowest abnormality at 7 days (1.31±0.6). It could be concluded that: 1. Tris aminomethane diluent has higher quality with the storage length up to 9 days, 2. Young Viridis coconut water diluent could preserve liquid semen quality of Boer goat up to 4 days for sperm motility and 5 days for sperm viability.Keywords: diluents, coconut water, viridis variety

Bed behavioral assessment of tomato varieties in Cote d Ivoire

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-522
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude N'ZI ◽  
Lassina FONDIO ◽  
Mako Francois De Paul N’GBESSO ◽  
Andé Hortense DJIDJI ◽  
Christophe KOUAME
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Tomato Breeding

Thirty accessions of tomato including twenty eight introduced accessions from The World Vegetable Center-AVRDC and as controls, two commercial varieties Mongal and Calinago, were assessed for agronomic performances at the Experimentation and Production Station of Angud dou of the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) located in the South of Cote d Ivoire. The trial was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The following parameters were determined at vegetative development stage: plant height at flowering stage, susceptibility of accessions to diseases, day to 50% flowering and day of first harvest, production duration, fruit length, fruit diameter, total number of fruits, number of fruits per plant, potential yield, net yield and fruit damage rate. Results showed that the commercial variety Mongal, with a potential yield of 15.9 and a net yield of 13.1 t ha-1, was the most productive. All the introduced accessions from AVRDC recorded the lowest potential yields from 2.2 to 9.7 t ha-1, and net yields from 1.7 to 8.6 t ha-1. In addition, accessions WVCT8, FMTT847 and WVCT13 were severely infested by bacterial wilt. The reduction of the net yield of tomato accessions resulted in the high fruit damage rates. For the future tomato breeding work, it would be appropriate to introduce into the trials bacterial diseases tolerant varieties. Moreover, some studies could be undertaken to determine the nature of the bacteria involved in the plant wilting and to find out the causal agent of the tomato plants burning at the fructification stage reducing the harvest duration.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Priyanshu ◽  
M K Singh ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Sunil Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

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