scholarly journals Conversation Map™: strumento per l’educazione del caregiver sulla prevenzione delle lesioni da pressione/Conversation Map™: a tool for the education of the caregiver on the prevention of pressure ulcers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Chiossi
Keyword(s):  
Care Setting ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Braden Scale ◽  
Extended Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Conversation Map

Lo sviluppo di Lesioni da Pressione (LdP) rappresenta un evento molto frequente ma potenzialmente prevenibile; tuttavia, avere una fotografia reale del fenomeno è molto difficile. Le stime variano in rapporto al setting assistenziale considerato: nei reparti per acuti l’incidenza varia dallo 0,4 al 38%, nelle residenze sanitarie assistenziali dal 2,2 al 23,9%, mentre nell’ambito domiciliare dallo 0 al 17%. Si valuta che negli USA sia una condizione che colpisce circa 1,5-3 milioni di persone, comportando una spesa sanitaria annua di circa 5 miliardi di dollari, da 1.4 a 2.1 miliardi di sterline nel Regno Unito e 1 miliardo di euro in Italia, pari al 4% dei costi totali del Sistema Sanitario Nazionale. Partendo dai dati epidemiologici si è voluto indagare se i caregivers delle persone assistite a rischio di LdP conoscano le strategie idonee a prevenire questo tipo di lesioni cutanee. Quindi, con la somministrazione di un questionario di 23 domande a 60 caregivers si è voluto valutare il bisogno o meno di una conoscenza sulla prevenzione delle lesioni da pressione. Lo studio ha rivelato che 83,3% degli intervistati non ha ricevuto informazioni né su cosa siano le LdP né su come si sviluppano; di poco inferiore la percentuale riguardante le informazioni sulla prevenzione di LdP. Si è voluto trovare, quindi, una risposta a questo bisogno di informazione, sviluppando una Conversation Map™, da proporre come strumento per l’educazione dei caregivers alla prevenzione delle LdP. La Conversation Map™, creata da Healthy Interactions Inc., è uno strumento didattico unico e speciale, perché favorisce la partecipazione della persona assistita o dei caregivers in un momento didattico sia verbale che visivo. Nella mappa, che ha il setting di un campo d’atletica, vengono toccati i punti principali della prevenzione delle lesioni: cura della cute, cambi di postura, presidi antidecubito, alimentazione e le medicazioni come prevenzione. Vengono spiegate le definizioni di LdP e di LdP di 1° stadio oltre che i principali fattori che concorrono alla formazione delle LdP, la scala di Braden e l’indice di Norton. The development of Pressure Ulcers (PU) is a very frequent, but potentially preventable, event; however having a real time picture of the phenomenon is very difficult. The estimates vary depending on the considered care setting: in the acute care wards the incidence varies between 0,4 and 38%, in the Extended Care Unit between 2,2 and 23,9%, while in the home-care setting between 0 and 17%. It is estimated that in the US it’s a condition that affects around 1,5-3 million of persons, involving a healthcare expenditures of around 5 billion of dollars per year, between 1.4 and 2.1 billion of pounds in the UK and 1 billion euros in Italy; equal to the 4% of the total costs of the National Health System. Starting from epidemiological data, it has been investigated if the caregivers of the assisted persons with PU risk know the appropriate strategies to prevent this type of skin lesions. Therefore, in order to evaluate the need of knowledge on the prevention of Pressure Ulcers, a questionnaire with 23 questions was administered to 60 caregivers. The study revealed that 83,3% of those interviewed haven’t received any information on what the PU are or on how they develop, slightly less the percentage about the information on the PU prevention. The aim was to find an answer to this need of information by developing a Conversation Map™, to propose as a tool for the education of the caregivers on the prevention of PU. The Conversation Map™, created by Healthy Interactions Inc., is a unique and special teaching tool: it encourages the participation of the assisted person or the caregivers in an educational moment that is both verbal and visual. In the map, that has the setting of a track and field stadium, the main points of the Pressure Ulcers prevention are covered: skin care, posture changes, anti-bedsores surfaces, nutrition and dressing as prevention. The definitions of PU and 1st stage PU are explained, in addition to the main factors that concur to the PU development, the Braden scale and the Norton index.

scholarly journals NCOG-36. FIRST HEALTH UTILITIES OF GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS USING TTFIELDS TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii137-ii137
Author(s):  
Gordon Chavez ◽  
Christina Proescholdt
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Health State ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Health States ◽  
Tumor Treating Fields ◽  
Health State Utilities ◽  
The Uk

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite the importance of Health State Utilities for health policy and medical decision making, there are no publications that provide high quality utility values estimated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Published health economic evaluations for GBM treatments rely on utilities determined by Garside et al. (2007), which used the standard gamble method in healthy panel members of the UK National Health System. There are no published utilities for GBM estimated from a general population sample, and there are no utility estimates whatsoever for Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) users. METHODS We designed a study to remedy this major deficit by eliciting utilities directly from GBM patients using the EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) survey. The EQ-5D is a widely used and NICE-recommended tool for the estimation of health state utilities. The survey is composed of a questionnaire that asks patients to specify their health state along 5 dimensions: Mobility, Self-Care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, and Anxiety/Depression. Statistical models provided by EuroQol’s network of researchers convert this data into health state utility estimates. RESULTS The EQ-5D questionnaire is administered to active patients using TTFields treatment during the study duration, allowing the elicitation of health preference measures for different glioblastoma health states based on: progression status (progressed vs. non-progressed), current treatments (TTFields only vs. TTFields + others) and time-from-diagnosis (0-12 months vs. > 12 months) CONCLUSION These results are important for understanding the patient preferences using TTFields treatment and communicating these preferences to decision makers. This study is the first to provide direct, high quality utility measures in glioblastoma patients using TTFields treatment.

Experience in applying the effectiveness audit methodology in order to save budget funds for the purchase of medicines in the UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
S. S. Budarin ◽  
N. V. Yurgel
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Drug Pricing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The article examines the experience of the national audit office of the United Kingdom in conducting an audit of the effectiveness of budget funds aimed at providing medicines to English citizens. The reasons for the sharp increase in budget expenditures for providing the population with reproduced medicines in 2017—2018 are described in detail.The article analyzes the shortcomings of the system of regulation of drug pricing procedures and the resulting risks to the budget of the national health system in United Kingdom.It is concluded that the effectiveness audit has allowed us to identify not only the reasons for significant overspending of the NHS budget to provide the population with medicines, but also to assess the actions of organizations authorized by the UK Government to address issues of regulation of the pharmaceutical market.

Transmission dynamics and mechanisms of endemicity of scrapie in the UK sheep population

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. TRUSCOTT ◽  
N. M. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYScrapie is a fatal neurological disease of sheep which is endemic in the United Kingdom. It is one of the family of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) that includes BSE. In this paper, we developed a micro-simulation model for scrapie in the UK sheep population, incorporating the genetic and structural diversity of the population and infectious contact between flocks through trading. The simulation was fitted to epidemiological data from a range of sources. We found a detection/reporting probability of 16% (95% CI 12–17) for animals dying of scrapie. Prevalence of infected animals in the population was about 0·15%. Infected individuals were found in 9% of flocks overall, rising to 60% in Shetland and 75% in Swaledale flocks. Mean values of R0 for flocks varied with breed from 2·43 (Shetland) to 0·21 (Suffolk). We also examined the possible long-term persistence of scrapie in the UK flock in the absence of any intervention.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the risk for pressure ulcers in bedridden elderly at home

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geridice Lorna de Andrade Moraes ◽  
Thiago Moura de Araújo ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano ◽  
Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes ◽  
Maria Josefina da Silva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cerebral Vascular Accident ◽  
Braden Scale

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for pressure ulcers in elderly in their homes, after a period of hospitalization. METHODS: A longitudinal prospective study conducted in the homes of 40 elderly identified with risk for pressure ulcer (PU) at hospital discharge, using the Braden Scale. The monitoring was conducted over four home visits, in the period between June and August of 2010, in Fortaleza (CE) and its metropolitan region. RESULTS: The majority of the elderly were female (65%) with a medical diagnosis of cerebral vascular accident (55%). In the first and second visits, 55% and 40% of the elderly, respectively, presented high risk for PU, and the incidence of PU was 22.5%. The association of the risk scores presented significant association in the first three visits. CONCLUSION: The risk for PU development was higher in the first two weeks, after hospital discharge, but diminished for the remainder of the visits.

Predictive validity and reliability of the Braden scale for risk assessment of pressure ulcers in an intensive care unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lima-Serrano ◽  
M.I. González-Méndez ◽  
C. Martín-Castaño ◽  
I. Alonso-Araujo ◽  
J.S. Lima-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Braden Scale

2 The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, menstrual irregularity and disordered eating in junior elite athletics in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 940.2-941
Author(s):  
J Wilkinson ◽  
L Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
The Uk

The prevalence of injury in adolescent elite track and field competitors is high,1 however only one study has been conducted with UK athletes.2 Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), encapsulating the Female Athlete Triad, is a syndrome whereby decreased energy availability affects health and performance, potentially leading to an increased injury risk; particularly to bone (3). Calculating decreased energy availability is difficult, however identifying contributing factors, such as disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction, is more viable.3AimThis study was conducted to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal injury, disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction in elite junior UK track and field athletes.MethodData was collected from track and field athletes ranked within the top 10 of the UK U17 rankings in 2017 or 2018, with 138 athletes participating. Participants completed a self-reported musculoskeletal injury, disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction questionnaire relating to a 12-month time period.ResultsThis study found a 12-month retrospective injury prevalence of 43.5%. 13% of participants presented with disordered eating, whilst 37.7% of female participants presented with menstrual dysfunction. There was a statistically significant difference in injury prevalence according to gender, with more male athletes sustaining an injury compared with female athletes. No differences in injury prevalence were noted according to event group, menstrual dysfunction or disordered eating. The anatomical location displaying the highest prevalence of injury was the ankle and foot (22.5%). The anatomical structure displaying the highest 12-month injury prevalence was muscle (43.6%), followed by bone (30.9%). Additionally, 21.7% of respondents reported having previously sustained a stress fracture prior to taking part in this study.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of injuries in junior UK track and field athletes, with most injuries affecting the lower limb. Although there was no difference noted in injury risk for athletes with menstrual dysfunction or disordered eating, the prevalence of bone injuries was alarmingly high. This study indicates the requirement for future research investigating RED-S within this population.ReferenceZemper, E. Track andField Injuries. In: Caine DJ, Maffulli N. (eds). Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries. Individual Sports. Med Sport Science: Volume 48. Basel, Karger; 2005. p. 138–151D’Souza D. Track and field athletics injuries - a one-year survey. British Journal of Sports Medicine 1994; 28 (3): 197–202.Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, et al. The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine 2014; 48: 491–497.

Abstract 207: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) on Economic Cost. Comparison of Outcomes in US and Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Giedrimiene ◽  
Rachel King
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
World Health ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Uk

CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, responsible for nearly a third of all deaths. In US, 85.6 million Americans are living with CVD, including 15.5 million with coronary heart disease (CHD). Heart disease (HD) specifically is responsible for approximately one in every seven American deaths, taking 370,213 lives per year. Perhaps even more striking than CHD’s mortality is its preventability. The CDC estimates that 34% of deaths caused by HD could potentially be prevented with modifiable risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. By comparing the mortality of CVD and CHD in the US, Europe, and the United Kingdom (UK), we aim to gain a better understanding of the CVD burden and economic cost. Methods: We conducted a literature review of the most recent epidemiological data for US, Europe, and UK to compare mortality due to CVD and CHD between these three regions. Data sources for US include the AHA and CDC. Data for Europe was obtained from the European Society of Cardiology, following the World Health Organization’s definition of 53 states as the European region. The UK is included as it was considered independently in this study. Data for the UK was published by the British Heart Foundation. Results: The comparison of data shows that high mortality is evident in all represented countries and regions with a highest percent of CVD of total deaths in Europe as compared to US (45% vs 30.8%) and CHD (20% vs 14.2%). Very similar findings according annual mortality are evident comparing US to UK for CVD (30.8% vs 28%) and for CHD (14.2% vs 13%). The treatment for CVD is increasing over time, with prescriptions and operations costs around 6.8 billion in England, the majority spend on secondary care. CDC data in US show that Americans suffer 1.5 million heart attacks and strokes each year, which contributes more than $320 billion in annual healthcare costs and lost productivity. By 2030, this cost is projected to rise to $818 billion, while lost productivity costs to $275 billion. Conclusions: Although there is some variation between Europe as a group of 53 countries compared to the US and UK, it is clear that CVD has a major impact on mortality in all three regions studied. Improved prevention of CVD, including heart disease, has the potential to save lives around the globe and to reduce economic burden.

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