scholarly journals Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Adriana Impagliazzo ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Felicia Masucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
A Site

Cardoon is a crop well adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions, that is able to grow also in marginal lands thus reducing competition for land with food crops. It is considered a key crop for bio-refinery since it allows to produce different interesting molecules for industrial application. From stems it is possible to obtain large amounts of cellulose, grains are a good source of oil and proteins and roots can be a source of inulin. The aim of this research has been to evaluate the productive levels of different genotypes of cardoon in two different climatic conditions of Mediterranean cropland (a site in the Vesuvius plain and a site in the internal hilly cropland). In both the sites, during 3 years (from 2012-2013 to 2014-2015), three genotypes (Altilis, Gigante e Trinaseed) were cultivated with 2 planting densities (4 and 8 plants per m2). A low input cropping system was adopted (no irrigation and 150 kg ha-1 of N supplied as ammonium nitrate). In plainy site (NA-Ac.), lignocellulosic biomass yield was 19 t ha-1 d.m. and grain yield 2.7 t ha-1 on the average of the 3 years period. In the hilly site, biomass yield was similar (20 t ha-1 d.m.) while grain yield was higher (3.9 t ha-1 on the average) as compared to the plainy site. As regards biomass composition, an increase of hemicellulose and a decrease of cellulose content was measured in the plainy site, maybe as a response of plant to the higher drought stress.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Starter Fertilizer on Winter Canola Grown in Oklahoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joy M. Abit ◽  
Katlynn Weathers ◽  
D. Brian Arnall
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Winter Canola ◽  
System A ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
The Impact

Increased canola production costs and acres have driven Oklahoma (OK) farmers to ask more questions about their nutrient management recommendations in their production system. A study was conducted in 2011–2013 at Lahoma and Perkins, OK, to evaluate the effect of applying diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-20-0:N-P-K) directly with seed on crop stand, grain yield, and grain quality of canola. In addition, the impact of proportion nitrogen (N) applied as a preplant and topdress was also evaluated. Diammonium phosphate was banded with the seed at planting at 0, 17, 34, 51, 67, and 84 kg DAP ha−1. Remaining N was applied as urea (46-0-0) either as split (40% preplant and 60% topdress) application or as topdress only. Stand count reduction of up to 71% was observed with seed-placed DAP. However, loss of stand did not impair grain yield due to canola’s ability to compensate for open areas via branching. Application of DAP of up to 84 kg ha−1 with seed may be possible; however, soil and climatic conditions should be considered when deciding how much DAP will be placed with seed. Moreover, when climatic conditions limit early season growth and favor late spring growth, applying all N at topdress (no preplant) tended to provide greater canola grain yield.

scholarly journals Assessing the Viability of Arundo donax as a Potential Source of Green Energy for Electricity Cogeneration in Belize

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Forrest Smartt ◽  
Leonard Nurse ◽  
Earl Green
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Good Productivity

Wild Cane (Arundo donax) is a perennial rhizomatous grass that is native to tropical and sub-tropical zones. This C3 crop is known to have significant potential to produce commercial grade bioenergy. Belize has conducted a preliminary compatibility test at the American Sugar Refineries/ Belize Sugar Industries, Belize Co-generation Energy Ltd. (ASR/BSI BELCOGEN) facility which produced satisfactory but inconclusive results. The potential of this species as an energy crop is enhanced by its versatility, adaptability and its robustness to climate variability. Further, the crop’s resistance to environmental stresses and its ability to flourish on marginal spaces means that successful propagation will not lead to competition for productive agricultural lands, and potentially consequential negative effects on Belize’s food security. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the commercial cultivation of Arundo donax as an alternate fuel source for cogeneration at BELCOGEN in Belize, focusing particularly on biomass yield and the identification of climate and other environmental factors required for optimum growth. In this regard, the research examined three sites comprising natural stands of Arundo donax - Middlesex, Sittee River and Monkey River. The species demonstrated good productivity potential, particularly within the Middlesex and Sittee River areas. Biomass yield was estimated at 15.18 t ac-1, 4.76 t ac-1 and 3.45 t ac-1 for Middlesex, Sittee River and Monkey River, respectively. In this study, the main parameters examined were climatic conditions and soil analysis, specifically moisture content, soil type and pH. Different growth patterns were noted at the three sites with the number of stems and extrapolated yield varying from 9.8 t ac-1, 10.45 t ac-1 and 32.02 t ac-1 for Monkey River, Sittee River and Middlesex, respectively. The adaptability of the species to marginal lands, the limited human input needed for its cultivation, and its high biomass yield are factors which make Arundo donax a potentially viable fuel crop.

scholarly journals Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) Ontogenesis and Agronomic Performance in Organic Cropping System and Pannonian Environments

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Vera Popović ◽  
Milan Ugrinović ◽  
Vladimir Filipović ◽  
Ksenija Mačkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Avena Strigosa

This study examined the influence of agroecological conditions on the ontogenesis and production yield traits of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). Understanding the agronomic and phenological properties related to productive properties of black oats can enable more successful introduction into new areas of oat cultivation. Field microexperiments were performed during the three consecutive years (2017–2019) on the two localities in South Banat, in Serbia, which differed in soil type: carbonate chernozem and humogley, respectively. The results showed that all investigated traits of oat in the chernozem soil type were higher when compared with measured traits obtained from the humogley soil type. The average value of yields of aboveground biomass, yield and protein content were significantly higher in relation to the humogley, by 13%, 17% and 11%, respectively for all three seasons. Observed by years, all productivity parameters differed significantly, which confirmed that the productivity of the cultivated plants was strongly influenced by different agroecological, soil and climatic conditions in Pannonian environments. The aboveground biomass and grain yield obtained from the humogley soil type indicate that this species can be successfully grown and utilized in production as a cover or fodder crop even in less favorable soil conditions.

scholarly journals Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promotes the activity of starch metabolism enzymes and the expression of related genes in rice in a dual cropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Zhao Quan ◽  
He Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
N Application ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes

Abstract Background Overuse of chemical fertilizer highly influences grain filling rate and quality of rice grain. Biochar is well known for improving plant growth and grain yield under lower chemical fertilization. Therefore field trials were conducted in the early and late seasons of 2019 at Guangxi University, China to investigate the effects of combined biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) application on rice yield and yield components. There were a total of eight treatments: N1B0, 135 kg N ha− 1+ 0 t B ha− 1; N2B0,180 kg N ha− 1+ 0 t B ha− 1; N1B1,135 kg N ha− 1+ 10 t B ha− 1; N1B2,135kg N ha− 1+ 20 t B ha− 1; N1B3,135 kg N ha− 1+ 30 t B ha− 1; N2B1,180 kg N ha− 1+ 10 t B ha− 1; N2B2,180 kg N ha− 1+ 20 t B ha− 1; and N2B3,180 kg N ha− 1+ 30 t B ha− 1. Results Biochar application at 30 t ha− 1combined with low N application (135 kg ha− 1) increased the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes (SMEs) during the early and late seasons compared with treatments without biochar. The grain yield, amylose concentration, and starch content of rice were increased in plots treated with 30 t B ha−1and low N. RT-qPCR analysis showed that biochar addition combined with N fertilizer application increased the expression of AGPS2b, SSS1, GBSS1, and GBSE11b, which increased the activity of SMEs during the grain-filling period. Conclusion Our results suggest that the use of 20 to 30 t B ha− 1coupled with 135 kg N ha− 1 is optimal for improving the grain yield and quality of rice.

scholarly journals Effect of Boron Supplement on Yield of Wheat Grown in Calcareous Soils of Different Textural Classes under Arid Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Baydaa H. A. Al-Ameri ◽  
Suad A. Al-Saedi ◽  
Ibrahim B. Razaq
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
B Uptake

Boron sufficiency supply to plant in calcareous soils of arid regions is severely reduced under arid climatic conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of Boron (B) fertilization on yield of Wheat grown in calcareous soils of arid regions. Boron was added at two rates namely 0 and 0.5 mg B kg-1 soil to three most common textured class’s soils. Straw and grain yield was determined on oven dried basis. B content of plants was determined as well. Straw and grain yield of wheat was significantly increased by (67.0 and 87.1%), (24.5 and 82%) and (64.5 and 48%) under the addition of 0.5 mg B Kg-1 soil over that of no B addition to clay, loam and sandy loam soil, respectively. Results also showed that wheat grown on the coarse-textured soil had the least B uptake per pot compared to loam and clay textured soils. B content in straw and grain was increased by (77.4 and 121%), (81.2 and 157%) and (184 and 96.9%) under B addition compared to those of zero B addition to clay soil, loam soil and sandy loamy soil, respectively. Response to B addition, significantly, increased in all soils due to increase of available B content in soils which may suggest the importance of adding adequate rate of B application under cropping system of arid regions.

scholarly journals Canopy temperature, excised leaf water retention, productivity and quality of wheat as affected by various nutrient sources in Pearl millet-wheat cropping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 846-850
Author(s):  
Babli Babli ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
R. K. Nanwal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biological Yield

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2013-14 at Agronomy Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India). The experiment consisting of twelve treatments was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Grain yield of pearl millet (3012 kg/ha) was recorded highest in T6 (50 % RD-NP + 50 % N through FYM). Yield contributing characters were recorded highest in T6 (50 % RD-NP + 50 % N through FYM in pearl millet and 100 % RD-NP in wheat) in wheat crop. In wheat crop, treatment T6 recorded highest growth characters and yield contributing characters. Similarly, highest grain as well as biological yield was recorded in T6. Highest protein content, protein yield, sedimentation value and hectoliter weight was also recorded in T6. Highest grain yield of both pearl millet and wheat (5582 kg/ha) in pearl millet-wheat cropping system was obtained with the application of 50 % RD-NP + 50 % N through FYM in pearl millet and 100 % RD-NP in wheat while lowest yield of pearl millet (976 kg/ha) and wheat (1190 kg/ha) was recorded in T1 (control).

Cowpea yield under the influence of cropping system, location and nitrogen fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Sebetha ◽  
Albert Modi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Production

Yield production of cowpea depends largely on the environmental factors, cropping systems and soil type of the location. In this way, an experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction effect of cropping system, location, season and nitrogen fertilization on cowpea yield. The study comprised of three cropping systems (Maize-cowpea rotation, monocropping cowpea and intercropped cowpea), three locations (Potchefstroom, Taung, and Rustenburg, South Africa) and two rates of nitrogen fertilizers applied in kg ha<sup>−1</sup> at each site (0 and 20 at Potchefstroom, 0 and 17 at Rustenburg, 0 and 23 at Taung). A factorial experiment randomized in complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2011/12 and 2012/13 planting seasons. The measured yield and yield components were pod length, seed per pod, pods mass at harvest, grain yield and field biomass yield. Cowpea planted on monocropping and rotational systems had significantly (P < 0.05) higher seed number per pod at harvest, grain yield and field biomass yield than cowpea planted on intercropping. The interaction of location x season plays a vital role on cowpea production by increasing yield. A single cultivar might differ significantly across different locations due to different soil types and climatic factors.

scholarly journals Durum Wheat in Conventional and Organic Farming: Yield Amount and Pasta Quality in Southern Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Fagnano ◽  
Nunzio Fiorentino ◽  
Maria Grazia D'Egidio ◽  
Fabrizio Quaranta ◽  
Alberto Ritieni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions

Five durum wheat cultivars were grown in a Mediterranean area (Southern Italy) under conventional and organic farming with the aim to evaluate agronomic, technological, sensory, and sanitary quality of grains and pasta. The cultivar Matt produced the best pasta quality under conventional cropping system, while the quality parameters evaluated were unsatisfactory under organic farming. The cultivar Saragolla showed the best yield amount and pasta quality in all the experimental conditions, thus proving to be the cultivar more adapt to organic farming. In all the tested experimental conditions, nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) occurrence was very low and the other mycotoxins evaluated were completely absent. These data confirm the low risk of mycotoxin contamination in the Mediterranean climate conditions. Finally, it has been possible to produce high-quality pasta in Southern Italy from durum wheat grown both in conventional and organic farming.

PHENOLOGY, GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF ETHIOPIAN MUSTARD GROWN IN SOUTHERN ITALY

2013 ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
U. Anastasi ◽  
S. Cosentino ◽  
V. Copani ◽  
O. Sortino ◽  
S. Virgillito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Yesmina ◽  
Moushumi Akhtarb ◽  
Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

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