scholarly journals Hydroponic systems and water management in aquaponics: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Carlo Nicoletto ◽  
Ranka Junge ◽  
Zala Schmautz ◽  
Paolo Sambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Fish Tank

Aquaponics, the integrated multi-trophic fish and plants production in quasi-closed recirculating system, is one of the newest sustainable food production systems. The hydroponic component of the AP directly influences water quality (in turn influencing fish growth and health), and water consumption (through evapotranspiration) of the entire system. In order to assess the role of the design and the management of the hydroponic component on the overall performance, and water consumption of the aquaponics, 122 papers published from 1979 to 2017 were reviewed. Although no unequivocal results were found, the nutrient film technique appears in several aspects less efficient than medium-based or floating raft hydroponics. The best system performance in terms of fish and plant growth, and the highest nutrient removal from water was achieved at water flow between 0.8 L min-1 and 8.0 L min-1. Data on water consumption of aquaponics are scarce, and no correlation between the ratio of hydroponic unit surface/fish tank volume and the system water loss was found. However, daily water loss was positively correlated with the hydroponic surface/fish tank volume ratio if the same experimental conditions and/or systems were compared. The plant species grown in hydroponics influenced the daily water loss in aquaponics, whereas no effect was exerted by the water flow (reciprocating flood/drain cycle or constant flow) or type (medium-based, floating or nutrient film technique) of hydroponics.

Water loss and canopy resistance to water flow from sunflower (Helianthus Annus L) in two different climatic environments

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
H.P. DAS ◽  
A.K. SHARMA ◽  
A. CHOWDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Canopy Resistance ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Daily Water

ABSTRACT. In the present paper water loss and variations in canopy resistance in sunflower during kharif and rabi have been analysed. Mean daily water loss of sunflower in rabi season is slightly less than that in kharif. The water loss falls considerably as the soil dries down. The soil water loss is found to be significantly correlated with moisture content in 0-45 cm depth soil profile. The canopy resistance is fairly low when the soil is wet but as soil dries. The resistance increases.    

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Method for Plasma Protein Binding Studies and Its Limitations

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Camelia-Maria Toma ◽  
Silvia Imre ◽  
Camil-Eugen Vari ◽  
Daniela-Lucia Muntean ◽  
Amelia Tero-Vescan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Plasma Protein Binding ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects

Plasma protein binding plays a critical role in drug therapy, being a key part in the characterization of any compound. Among other methods, this process is largely studied by ultrafiltration based on its advantages. However, the method also has some limitations that could negatively influence the experimental results. The aim of this study was to underline key aspects regarding the limitations of the ultrafiltration method, and the potential ways to overcome them. The main limitations are given by the non-specific binding of the substances, the effect of the volume ratio obtained, and the need of a rigorous control of the experimental conditions, especially pH and temperature. This review presents a variety of methods that can hypothetically reduce the limitations, and concludes that ultrafiltration remains a reliable method for the study of protein binding. However, the methodology of the study should be carefully chosen.

scholarly journals Daily Water Consumption and its Contribution to Calcium Intake in Korean Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Sun Park ◽  
Yeon-Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi-Hyun Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

The behaviour of Urocleidus adspectus Mueller, 1936 (Monogenea) on the gills of Perca flavescens

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3237-3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Cone ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Interlamellar Space

This study examines the behaviour of Urocleidus adspectus on the gills of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The adult worm is found firmly attached to the gills of the host with the haptor fitted snugly into an interlamellar space and with four large hamuli and 14 small marginal hooks impaled into the adjacent epithelium. The forebody of the worm is almost always directed downstream toward the tip of the primary lamella. The worm is a tissue feeder and the reach and flexibility of the forebody allow efficient grazing around any one site of attachment. Worms can graze farther by moving to a new site of attachment. This involves a leechlike movement in which the haptor and the head are alternately used as the organ of attachment. The movement is brief (3 s or less) and, most likely in response to the threat of dislodgment, only single relocations are made at any one time. The worm almost always comes to lie in the preferred adhesive attitude no matter what the direction of travel under natural conditions. However, under experimental conditions in which there was no water flow, the position was occasionally reversed.

Resource use and environmental impacts from Australian export lamb production: a life cycle assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
M.-J. Yan ◽  
C. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) investigating energy, land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fresh water consumption and stress-weighted water use from production of export lamb in the major production regions of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The study used data from regional datasets and case study farms, and applied new methods for assessing water use using detailed farm water balances and water stress weighting. Land occupation was assessed with reference to the proportion of arable and non-arable land and allocation of liveweight (LW) and greasy wool was handled using a protein mass method. Fossil fuel energy demand ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 MJ/kg LW, fresh water consumption from 58.1 to 238.9 L/kg LW, stress-weighted water use from 2.9 to 137.8 L H2O-e/kg LW and crop land occupation from 0.2 to 2.0 m2/kg LW. Fossil fuel energy demand was dominated by on-farm energy demand, and differed between regions and datasets in response to production intensity and the use of purchased inputs such as fertiliser. Regional fresh water consumption was dominated by irrigation water use and losses from farm water supply, with smaller contributions from livestock drinking water. GHG emissions ranged from 6.1 to 7.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW and additional removals or emissions from land use (due to cultivation and fertilisation) and direct land-use change (due to deforestation over previous 20 years) were found to be modest, contributing between –1.6 and 0.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW for different scenarios assessing soil carbon flux. Excluding land use and direct land-use change, enteric CH4 contributed 83–89% of emissions, suggesting that emissions intensity can be reduced by focussing on flock production efficiency. Resource use and emissions were similar for export lamb production in the major production states of Australia, and GHG emissions were similar to other major global lamb producers. The results show impacts from lamb production on competitive resources to be low, as lamb production systems predominantly utilised non-arable land unsuited to alternative food production systems that rely on crop production, and water from regions with low water stress.

scholarly journals Model rainfall-runoff in the constraints Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Casavecchia ◽  
Frederico Terra de Almeida ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Cornélio Alberto Zolin ◽  
Eduardo Morgan Uliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Sample Methodology ◽  
Central Data

The aim of this study was based on different samples of settings for calibration and validation of IPH II model, using limited historical series of data of daily average water flow registered in Caiabi river hydrologic basin, a tributary stream of Teles Pires river- Mato Grosso. The total area of the study location is 440.98 km2, and there were installed three meteorological automatic stations for climate monitoring, and one linigraph in the basin end for monitoring the altimetric quotas and also to estimate the daily water flow of the river. The precipitation data, evapotranspiration and water flow used to feed the IPH II model were collected between 09/18/2015 and 04/30/2016, using sixty percent of the initial historical data to calibrate and forty percent to validate the model has shown better statistic performance, however rearranging the data and establishing the sixty percent of the central data for the calibration was verified that there was an increase in the statistical performance of the model making the simulations of the IPH II model were successful. It was indicated by the results that the sample methodology for calibration of hydrologic models can bring substantial improvement to the performance

scholarly journals Optimization of osmotic dehydration of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) slices using Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Delgado ◽  
Bruna Paim ◽  
José Alberto Pereira ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
Elsa Ramalhosa
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Operational Conditions

Osmotic dehydration of chestnut slices in sucrose was optimized for the first time by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Experiments were planned according to a three-factor central composite design (α=1.68), studying the influence of sucrose concentration, temperature and time, on the following parameters: volume ratio, water activity, color variation, weight reduction, solids gain, water loss and normalized moisture content, as well as total moisture, ash and fat contents. The experimental data was adequately fitted into second-order polynomial models with coefficients of determination (R2) from 0.716 to 0.976, adjusted-R2 values from 0.460 to 0.954, and non-significant lacks of fit. The optimal osmotic dehydration process conditions for maximum water loss and minimum solids gain and color variation were determined by the “Response Optimizer” option: 83% sucrose concentration, 20 °C and 9.2 hours. Thus, the best operational conditions corresponded to high sugar concentration and low temperature, improving energy saving and decreasing the process costs.

Needle water potential and soil-to-foliage flow resistance during soil drying: a comparison of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and mountain hemlock

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Ballard ◽  
M. G. Dosskey
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Needle Water Potential

Needle water potential in western and mountain hemlock falls as the soil dries, but under our experimental conditions, it remained stable in Douglas-fir. Resistance to water flow from soil to foliage is higher for the hemlocks and increases more steeply as the soil dries. These findings physically account for the observation that water uptake is reduced relatively more for the hemlocks than for Douglas-fir, as soil water potential declines.

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