scholarly journals Role of exogenous folic acid in alleviation of morphological and anatomical inhibition on salinity-induced stress in barley

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kilic ◽  
Hatice Tuğba Aca
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Vigour Index

Soil salinity is a serious threat to agricultural ecological environment and agriculture sustainability. Ever increasing salinity negatively affects processes such as plant growth and development, ultimately causing diminished economic yield and quality of production, and it might cause a worldwide famine in the future. Thus, helping plants adapt to saline soils and increasing their yield and quality is a must. Our study focused on the enhancing role of exogenously applied folic acid (FA) in mitigation of toxicity caused by salt (NaCl). Barley seeds were pre-treated with 50 <span>µ</span>M FA for 24 h and then exposed to salt. Morphological and anatomical changes in seed germination and seedling growth stages were compared between different treatments of salt in laboratory conditions. Adverse effects of salt in both germination and seedling growth stages depended on the concentration of salt treatment (0.0, 0.25, 0.275, 0.30, 0.325 and 0.35 M). It was shown that the application of FA effectively alleviated the salt-induced inhibition, and reduced the negative effects of salt on germination (germination index and vigour index), seedling growth (radicle and coleoptile lengths, fresh weight) and leaf (stomata and epidermis number, stomatal index, stomata sizes of adaxial and abaxial surfaces) parameters. Moreover, FA elevated all examined parameters of barley also under non-stress conditions. Especially, germination and vigour indices were significantly higher than the control. Our results suggest that exogenous FA is involved in the resistance of barley to salt-stress.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

scholarly journals A soundscape analysis for selected parks in Bydgoszcz

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00097
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Sztubecka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

Areas that are considered human-friendly are green spaces. The existing urban parks are designed to fulfill the role of relaxation, recreation, and entertainment. However, in many cases, these are historic places, which at the time didn't have much of an impact on external factors. Sustainable development issues are related to the quality of life and the usage of the environment and its resources by present and future generations. Noise and noise protection is an issue that is part of sustainable development. The inadequate implementation of the principles of sustainable development and non-inclusion of noise can noticeably lead to negative effects now and in the future. The aim of the paper is to analyze the soundscapes of two Bydgoszcz parks located in the city center. The values of the equivalent sound level for these areas were obtained from the existing Bydgoszcz acoustic plan. Subsequently, the resulting distribution of noise was compared with the results of subjective perception of sounds by visitors. On this basis, conclusions can be drawn regarding the ways of shaping such areas while taking into account the perception of visitors.

scholarly journals 39 Management of cereal-grain forages for yield and quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Wayne K Coblentz ◽  
Matthew Akins
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Winter Annuals

Abstract Cereal-grains have a long history of providing quality forage for livestock operations. Our objective is to review the existing literature and describe the principle factors controlling the yield and quality of cereal-grain forages. Generally, cereal-grain forage production can occur via management scenarios that include: 1) winter-annuals planted during fall and then grazed or harvested the following spring; 2) cereals not requiring vernalization planted during early spring and harvested during late-spring or summer; and 3) cereals not requiring vernalization planted during late-summer and harvested before winter. Winter-annuals planted during fall also are used extensively for fall grazing, particularly for backgrounding stocker cattle. The requirement for vernalization before plants elongate and produce viable seed plays a large role in synchronizing management strategies with producer goals. For example, maximization of fall growth can be attained by choosing a species or cultivar that does not require vernalization and will elongate, but this choice will likely eliminate winter survival and subsequent spring forage production. Ambient temperature during plant maturation affects lignin formation positively; therefore, forages grown during cooler fall temperatures will typically exhibit greater NDF digestibility than those maturing during summer. Most nutritional characteristics are influenced heavily by two competing processes that include the normal negative maturation effects that reduce the quality of most forages. However, this process is juxtaposed against the physiological process of grain fill, which can dilute concentrations of forage fiber components, increase energy density, and improve DM digestibility at advanced plant-growth stages. Digestibility of NDF declines with plant maturity, and generally is not affected by grain fill. A boot-stage harvest for silage often exhibits the most favorable nutritional characteristics for lactating dairy cows; however, producers making this management choice will need to accept a substantial yield penalty compared with a commonly recommended harvest at soft-dough stage, which would likely maximize yield.

Improving Yield and Quality of Processing Potato Crops Grown in the Argentinian Pampas: the Role of N, P and S and Their Impact on CO2 Emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Caldiz ◽  
P. G. Viani ◽  
C. M. Giletto ◽  
E. C. Zamuner ◽  
H. E. Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Potato Crops

Influence of rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of hard red winter wheat in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
R. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Several previous studies have reported that grain yield of cereal crops was greater from multiple than from single nitrogen (N) applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the time and rate of N application on the yield and quality of hard red winter wheat grown in Ontario. One experiment was conducted in each of 2 yr using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were rate of N application (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 or 240 kg N ha−1), and timing of N application (100/0/0, 75/25/0, 50/50/0 or 25/50/25 percent of the N applied at Zadok’s growth stages 22/32/45). Early N application reduced grain yield in a year of below-average precipitation, increased grain yield in a year of average precipitation, and increased straw yield in both years. Late N application increased grain crude protein concentration and harvest index in both years. Given the lack of a consistent yield increase and the added cost of application, it is unlikely that multiple N applications will be economical for hard red winter wheat production in Ontario.Key words: Triticum aestivum, intensive cereal management, yield components, wheat

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
R. E. Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality

Deficiency of copper (Cu) in Canadian prairie soils is not widespread, but whenever it occurs it can cause a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality of most cereals, especially wheat. Field experiments conducted in western Canada indicated that broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers prior to seeding at 3-5.6 kg Cu ha-1 was usually sufficient to prevent Cu deficiency in wheat, and improve seed yield and quality. At lower rates (< 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers was not effective, while surface spray-broadcast followed by incorporation of liquid Cu fertilizers was much more effective in increasing seed yield of wheat in the first year of application. Surface broadcast without incorporation and seedrow-placed granular Cu fertilizers were much less effective in improving seed yield of wheat than their foliar or soil-incorporated applications. In the growing season, foliar applications of Cu at 0.20 to 0.28 kg Cu ha-1 to wheat at the Feekes 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot or stem elongation), Feekes 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown or flag-leaf) and early boot growth stages were very effective in restoring seed yield, while Cu applications at the Feekes 2 (four-leaf) or Feekes 10.5 (complete heading) growth stage did not have a consistent effect to correct damage caused by Cu deficiency. Some Cu fertilizers (e.g., Cu oxide) were less effective than others in preventing/correcting Cu deficiency. Soil application at relatively high rates produced residual benefits in increasing seed yield for a number of years. The sensitivity of crops to Cu deficiency is usually in the order (wheat, flax, canary seed) > (barley, alfalfa) > (timothy seed, oats, corn) > (peas, clovers) > (canola, rye, forage grasses). Stem melanosis in wheat was associated with deficiency of Cu in soil, and the disease was reduced substantially with Cu application. A high level of available P in soil was observed to induce/increase severity of Cu deficiency in wheat. Soil analysis for diethylene triamine pentacetic acid- (DTPA) extractable Cu in soil can be used as a good diagnostic tool to predict Cu deficiency, but there was a poor relationship between total Cu concentration in shoots and the degree of Cu deficiency in crops. Application of Cu fertilizers to wheat on Cu-deficient soils also generally improved seed quality. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation, wheat

The role of different fertilization strategies on the yield and quality of different flax varieties in the new lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama A. Nofal ◽  
Abdelhalim I Rezk ◽  
Mahmoud M. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Yield And Quality

Response of green gram to potassium and zinc application

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
B. S. Badhoria
Keyword(s):  
Green Gram ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Zinc Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Zinc Application

Green gram is one of the most important kharif pulse crops of India. It is of short duration, can fit well in crop rotation and, therefore, can be grown throughout the year. Information has been accumulating concerning the role of potassium and zinc in cereal crops but very little information is available regarding the nutrition of potassium and its interaction with zinc on the yield and quality of pulses. However, Malewar, Budhewar & Jadhav (1980) and Ghildiyal, Saini & Sirohi (1975) have reported significant positive effect of zinc treatment on growth attributes in green gram. The present investigations were, therefore, planned to study individual and interaction effects of potassium and zinc on growth, dry-matter and grain yield and quality of green gram.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document