scholarly journals Effectiveness of the cross-compliance Standard 5.2 'buffer strips' on protecting freshwater against diffuse nitrogen pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Gumiero ◽  
Bruno Boz ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Paolo Bazzoffi ◽  
Rosario Napoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sono State ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Cross Compliance

<p>Sette Fasce Tampone, realizzate secondo le indicazioni tecniche contenute nello Standard di condizionalità 5.2, in diversi ambiti e contesti climatici, sono state monitorate per un periodo biennale, al fine di quantificare la loro efficienza nella rimozione di azoto inorganico disciolto. Tale azoto è costituito per lo più da molecole di azoto nitrico che vengono veicolate principalmente tramite deflussi sub-superficiali da zone soggette a diverse pratiche colturali verso i corpi idrici superficiali adiacenti. Ad eccezione di due casi: i siti di Lodi e Metaponto, in tutti i sistemi monitorati è stata confermata la presenza di deflussi trasversali ai sistemi tampone, permanenti o temporanei, in grado di veicolare inquinanti e con portate variabili fra 919 e 8.590 m<sup>3</sup>/anno per 100 m lineari di FT. Le differenze di portata sono imputabili principalmente alla diversa superficie dei bacini agricoli afferenti ai sistemi tampone, che nei casi analizzati occupano superfici variabili fra il 3,6 ed il 33,3% del bacino agricolo. Sulla base dei bilanci di massa è emerso che dai campi coltivati giungono ai sistemi tampone percentuali variabili fra l’1,6 ed il 29,4% dell’azoto inorganico applicato. Ad eccezione dei sistemi in cui i maggiori deflussi non hanno alcuna interazione con la rizosfera (deflussi profondi) oppure non attraversano la Fascia Tampone, in tutti gli altri siti si registra un effetto di riduzione dell’azoto fra entrata ed uscita, con percentuali variabili fra il 33 ed il 62 %. Percentuali di abbattimento non elevate sono giustificate dallo scarso grado di maturazione dei siti monitorati, in molti casi recentemente convertiti a Fascia Tampone. Ancora una volta si conferma l’estrema eterogeneità delle risposte di questi sistemi ed il ruolo prioritario delle forzanti idrologiche nel determinarne l’efficacia.</p><p>Seven buffer strips (BS)<strong><em> </em></strong>adjacent to fresh water bodies, realized according to the technical data contained in the Standard 5.2 of Cross-compliance, located in different areas and climate contexts, were monitored for a period of two years. It was done in order to quantify their effectiveness in removing dissolved inorganic nitrogen conveyed through sub- surface flow from field crops with different cultural practices. Except for two case studies (sites: Lodi and Metaponto) in all monitored systems has been confirmed an outflow, permanent or temporary, through the buffer systems, with flow rates ranging from 919 to 8590 m<sup>3</sup>y<sup>-1</sup> every 100 meters of buffer stip. The differences in flow rate were mainly due to different sizes of agricultural basins related to buffer systems, which in the case studies ranging from 3.6 to 33.3%. Based on the mass balance, was found percentages of applied inorganic nitrogen, flowing from cultivated fields to the buffer systems, varied between 1.6 and 29.4%. In most of the sites was estimated nitrogen reduction between inlet and outlet of BS, with percentages ranging from 33 to 61.9%. The exceptions were the systems with groundwater that: or have no interaction with the rhizosphere (deep flow) or not crossing the buffer zone. Low percentages of removal shall be justified by the young stage of the monitored sites, being in many cases recently converted to buffer strip. This study confirms the extreme variability of these systems efficiency and the key role of hydrology drives its effectiveness.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of suspended solids and Glyphosate and efficacy of the cross-compliance standard 5.2 ‘buffer strips’ in the protection of superficial water from suspended solids in runoff conveyed through a vineyard

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Boz ◽  
Giuseppina Pipitone ◽  
Bruna Gumiero ◽  
Paolo Bazzoffi ◽  
Luigi Sansone
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Herbaceous Buffer ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Cross Compliance

Several studies have described the effectiveness of vegetated buffer strips, interposed between the cultivated areas and water bodies, in removal of suspended solids and other pollutants such as Glyphosate conveyed through surface runoff. This monitoring study has quantified the effects of a 5-metre wide herbaceous buffer zone, adjacent to a vineyard, built according to the Standard 5.2 of Cross-compliance (M.D. 27417). The amount of runoff generated was 3.9% of the total annual rainfall, with negligible differences in terms of volume after flowing through the buffer zone. The effectiveness of the buffer zone in suspended solids removal was, in terms of mass balance, of 45.5%. The glyphosate outputs from the vineyard, unlike in other experiences, were negligible and therefore it was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the buffer zone in removing it. This is due to the low rainfall occurred in the period following distribution that has favoured <em>in situ</em> degradation of Glyphosate.

scholarly journals Fathoming postnatural oceans: Towards a low trophic theory in the practices of feminist posthumanities

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110285
Author(s):  
Marietta Radomska ◽  
Cecilia Åsberg
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Slow Violence ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Ethical Stance ◽  
The Baltic

As the planet’s largest ecosystem, oceans stabilise climate, produce oxygen, store CO2 and host unfathomable biodiversity at a deep time-scale. In recent decades, scientific assessments have indicated that the oceans are seriously degraded to the detriment of most near-future societies. Human-induced impacts range from climate change, ocean acidification, loss of biodiversity, eutrophication and marine pollution to local degradation of marine and coastal environments. Such environmental violence takes form of both ‘spectacular’ events, like oil spills and ‘slow violence’, occurring gradually and out of sight. The purpose of this paper is to show four cases of coastal and marine forms of slow violence and to provide counter-accounts of how to reinvent our consumer imaginary at such locations, as well as to develop what is here referred to as ‘low-trophic theory,’ a situated ethical stance that attends to entanglements of consumption, food, violence, environmental adaptability and more-than-human care from the co-existential perspective of multispecies ethics. We combine field-philosophical case studies with insights from marine science, environmental art and cultural practices in the Baltic and North Sea region and feminist posthumanities. The paper shows that the oceanic imaginary is not a unified place, but rather, a set of forces, which requires renewed ethical approaches, conceptual inventiveness and practical creativity. Based on the case studies and examples presented, the authors conclude that the consideration of more-than-human ethical perspectives, provided by environmental arts and humanities is crucial for both research on nature and space, and for the flourishing of local multispecies communities. This paper thus inaugurates thinking and practice along the proposed here ethical stance of low-trophic theory, developed it along the methodological lines of feminist environmental posthumanities.

scholarly journals The Effects of Pedestrian Environments on Walking Behaviors and Perception of Pedestrian Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8728
Author(s):  
Byoung-Suk Kweon ◽  
Jody Rosenblatt-Naderi ◽  
Christopher D. Ellis ◽  
Woo-Hwa Shin ◽  
Blair H. Danies
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Walk To School ◽  
Walking Environment ◽  
Environment Experiment

We investigated the effects of pedestrian environments on parents’ walking behavior, their perception of pedestrian safety, and their willingness to let their children walk to school. This study was a simulated walking environment experiment that created six different pedestrian conditions using sidewalks, landscape buffers, and street trees. We used within subjects design where participants were exposed to all six simulated conditions. Participants were 26 parents with elementary school children. Sidewalks, buffer strips, and street trees affected parents’ decisions to: walk themselves; let their children walk to school; evaluate their perception whether the simulated environment was safe for walking. We found that the design of pedestrian environments does affect people’s perceptions of pedestrian safety and their willingness to walk. The presence of a sidewalk, buffer strip, and street trees affected parents’ decision to walk, their willingness to let their children walk to school and perceived the pedestrian environment as safer for walking. The effects of trees on parents’ walking and perception of pedestrian safety are greater when there is a wide buffer rather than a narrow buffer. It was found that parents are more cautious about their children’s walking environments and safety than their own.

scholarly journals Environmental effectiveness of GAEC cross-compliance standard 4.1 (b, c) ‘Protection of permanent pasture land’ and economic evaluation of the competitiveness gap for farmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Salis ◽  
Lucia Sepe ◽  
Rosa Francaviglia ◽  
Marco Fedrizzi ◽  
Paolo Bazzoffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Pasture Land ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Cross Compliance

The paper presents the main results of the monitoring on the effectiveness of the cross-compliance Standard 4.1 ‘Permanent pasture protection: lett. b, c’ carried out in two case studies within the project MO.NA.CO. Soil, botanical, productive and economic (competitiveness gap) parameters have been monitored. In the short term, the Standard 4.1 showed its effectiveness on soil quality, biomass productivity and competitiveness gap in both case studies. Botanical parameters showed differing results, therefore their generalization is not applicable to the heterogeneity of the pasture land Italian system. Shallow soil tillage could be suggested, every 40-50 years, when an appropriate soil organic matter content and the absence of runoff phenomena occur.

scholarly journals Removal of N, P from seepage and runoff by different vegetated and slope buffer strips

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Q. Wu ◽  
Li J. Xiong ◽  
Chen Y. Sha
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Riparian Buffer Zone ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Abstract The migration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from farmland to river not only results in fertilizer inefficiency, but also aggravates water pollution and eutrophication. It is of great significance to construct a reasonable vegetation buffer zone between the river and farmland to protect water quality. By using constructed buffer strips and runoff hydrometric devices, quantitative research was conducted on removal loads of N and P in a field experiment of different vegetated and slope strips. Results showed that removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, and TP by different vegetated strips were 2 ∼ 3 times higher than the control group. The removal ratios of seepage accounted for 73.6%, 66.9%, 73.9% of total seepage and runoff in three vegetated strips, respectively. On the 2% gradient strips with Cynodon dactylon, the removal ratios of TN, NH4+-N, and TP were 36%, 34%, 37%, which were higher than that with 5% gradient, respectively. And removal ratios from the seepage of 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% gradient strips were 71.66%, 68.14%, 64.39%, and 61.93% of the total, respectively. The conclusion can provide the basis of vegetation and slope optimization for the design and construction of a riparian buffer zone, so as to control non-point source pollution effectively.

Cultural Sustainabilities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Digital Transmission ◽  
Expressive Culture ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Media Philosophy ◽  
Applied Ethnomusicology

This collection of essays is driven by the proposition that environmental and cultural sustainability are inextricably linked. The authors are unified by the influence of the pioneering work of Jeff Todd Titon in developing broadly ecological approaches to folklore, ethnomusicology, and sustainability. These approaches lead to advocacy and activism. Building on and responding to Titon's work, the authors call for profoundly integrated efforts to better understand sustainability as a challenge that encompasses all living beings and ecological systems, including human cultural systems. While many of the chapters address musicking and ecomusicology, others focus on filmmaking, folklore, digital media, philosophy, and photography. Organized into five parts, Part 1 establishes a theoretical foundation and suggests methods for approaching the daunting issues of sustainability, resilience, and adaptive management. Part 2 offers five case studies interpreting widely divergent ways that humans are grappling with ecological and environmental challenges by engaging in expressive culture. Part 3 illustrates the role of media in sustainable cultural practices. Part 4 asks how human vocal expression may be central to human self-realization and cultural survival with case studies ranging from the digital transmission of Torah chanting traditions to Russian laments. Part 5 embraces Titon's highly influential work establishing and promoting applied ethnomusicology, and speaks directly to the themes of advocacy and activism.

The underdog bites back

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emerging Market Multinationals ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – Globalization continues to have enormous consequences for business. One of the most intriguing thus far is the way that many firms defy humble origins to secure multinational status. Those that started life in an emerging market are a prime example of this transformation. Logic says that it should not really happen. After all, it is usually tough for any foreign company to crack an overseas market. Having to adjust to different regulations, cultural practices and business norms ensures that. There is often discrimination to overcome too. For emerging market multinationals (EMMs), such challenges are magnified to a considerable degree. If that is not enough, these companies are up against firms from advanced nations. That means competition boasting more resources, more knowledge, more international experience and a more recognized brand name. By definition, an EMM is a relatively new kid on the block in all these respects. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to digest format.

Effects of Logging on Macroinvertebrates in Streams With and Without Buffer Strips

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Newbold ◽  
D. C. Erman ◽  
K. B. Roby
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Chord Distance ◽  
Logging Effects ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

The impact of logging with and without buffer strip protection on stream macroinvertebrates was examined through comparisons of community structure in commercially logged and control watersheds throughout northern California. A nonparametric test of community dissimilarities within matched blocks of two control and one or two treated stations showed significant (P < 0.05) logging effects on unprotected streams when Euclidean distance and mutual information were used as dissimilarity indices, but not when chord distance was used. Shannon diversity in unprotected streams was lower (P < 0.01) than in control (unlogged) streams; densities of total macroinvertebrate fauna and of Chironomidae, Baetis, and Nemoura were higher in unprotected streams than in controls (P < 0.05). Streams with narrow buffer strips (< 30 m) showed significant effects by the Euclidean distance test, but diversity varied widely and was not significantly different from that in either unprotected or control streams. Macroinvertebrate communities in streams with wide buffers (≥ 30 m) could not be distinguished from those of controls by either Euclidean distance or diversity; however, diversity in wide-buffered streams was significantly greater than in streams without buffer strips, indicating effective protection from logging effects.Key words: buffer strips, California, diversity, ecological dissimilarity, invertebrates, logging, streams

scholarly journals Encenações e reescritas da memória no capitalismo global entre teorias e práticas culturais | Scenarios and rewritings of memory in global capitalism between theories and cultural practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Alternative Representation

RESUMO Discute-se a constituição da Memória Cultural após a queda do muro de Berlim e pelos fenômenos da globalização. Propõe-se o estudo de dois casos dedicados à memória no contemporâneo: o Memorial dos deportados italianos em Auschwitz, realizado em 1981 e hoje não mais existente; e o Museu da Memória de Ustica, em Bolonha, inaugurado em 2007. Trata-se de exemplos que permitem refletir sobre as transformações da memória dentro de uma discussão sobre capitalismo globalizado. Oferecemos as contribuições de experiências de representação alternativas, que tendem a deslegitimar as visões dominantes. Pretende-se indagar as maneiras de realização dos registros e sua mediação. Metodologicamente, o trabalho realiza uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre os temas abordados. Em um segundo momento, nos dois estudos de caso, observa a práxis.Palavras-chave: Memória; Capitalismo; Museu de Ustica; Memorial de Auschwitz.ABSTRACT The constitution of Cultural Memory is discussed after the fall of the Berlin Wall and by the phenomena of globalization.It is proposed to study two cases dedicated to contemporary memory: the Memorial of the Italian deportees in Auschwitz, held in 1981 and today no longer existent and the Museum of the memory of Ustica, in Bologna, inaugurated in 2007. These are examples which allow us to reflect on the transformations of memory within a discussion of globalized capitalism. We offer the contributions of alternative representation experiences, which tend to delegitimize dominant views. It is intended to investigate the ways in which the records are made and their mediation. Methodologically, the work carries out a critical review of the literature on the topics covered. In a second moment, in the two case studies, it observes the praxis.Keywords: Memory; Capitalism; Museum of Ustica; Auschwitz Memorial.

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