scholarly journals Economic impact of cross compliance in the field of animal welfare (Acts C18 and C16)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisanna Speroni ◽  
Maurizio Capelletti ◽  
Antonio Bruni ◽  
Luigi Degano
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Public Grant ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Cross Compliance

The paper reports the results of assessment of animal welfare at farm level on two dairy cattle farms, identification of structural and management actions to improve the animal welfare and estimate of the costs of such actions; furthermore the economic impact of the potential support under measure 215 of the Rural Development Plan was also simulated. At the time of assessment, no severe break of compliance was detected at the two farms; however some weaknesses were identified and improvement were proposed in order to maintain the current animal welfare status and avoid future failures. The two use cases showed that investments to improve animal welfare were partly self funded in the mid and long term due to the higher milk yield and the better animal health that were expected as consequence; however, in the short term, a large part of expenses was fully borne by farmers if not supported by a public grant or higher market prices. The support provided by the measure 215 is effective in rewarding farmers who undertake to adopt standards of animal husbandry which go beyond the relevant mandatory standards.

scholarly journals Welfare problems of horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Nedosekov ◽  
◽  
Y. P. Krytsia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Horse Farms ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
Recommended Action

The article presents an analysis of the basic concepts of animal welfare, which is a prerequisite for quality and successful innovative animal husbandry. The horses welfare should be considered from the standpoint of the concept of the "five freedoms", which should be reflected in the lives of animals. The aim of the article is to analyze the state of the horses welfare and the prospects of development and implementation at the national and European levels. The analysis indicates the need to develop a system for assessing the welfare of horses and its implementation in Ukraine, while, taking into account objective and subjective indicators, the system for assessing the welfare of horses should include owners, veterinarians (horse care) and experts. To assess the welfare of sport horses, the Veterinary Regulations (BP) of the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) must be used during the competition, which must be observed during the event. Methods for assessing the degree of welfare, characterize the condition of the animal in both external and internal indicators, but the dominant is stress, which through the nervous and endocrine systems adversely affect all parts of the immune system. In Ukraine, the horse population has tripled reduce in thirty years and continues to decline, but the analysis of horse welfare in Ukraine is either not conducted at all, or is sporadic and mainly aimed at assessing individual animal health indicators (assessment of body condition, lameness, etc.). Therefore, in Ukraine it is necessary to establish criteria and develop a system for assessing the welfare of horses, improving the legal framework and implementation in practice. A plan of recommended action for stakeholders (federations, veterinarians, horse owners, government services, etc.) was presented, and it was recommended to develop and implement criteria for assessing the welfare of horses that could be used to study animal welfare. We believe that the system of horse welfare assessment as a consulting tool is necessary for the standardization of survey and analysis of welfare, to develop measures to optimize the management of horses, which should be the main document of equestrian associations of Ukraine. In addition, legislation on the welfare of horses is crucial, but there is no legislation acts in the field of welfare. Undoubtedly, in combination with the welfare of horses, it is important to develop an algorithm for biosecurity in the horses management with an emphasis on the epizootology of diseases, vaccination conditions, disinfection and analysis of critical points of admission to animals, which should be the basis for the development of the National Standard for Welfare and Biosecurity at the level of horse farms in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Paperwork and the decoupling of audit and animal welfare: The challenges of materiality for better regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Escobar ◽  
David Demeritt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
On Farm

This article uses the case of animal welfare to contribute to academic debates about audit and better regulation reforms designed to reduce administrative burdens and increase regulatory effectiveness. Combining desk-based policy document analysis, on-farm field visits, and 31 interviews with livestock farmers and animal health and welfare inspectors in England, it explores farmers' record-keeping practices and the contrasting role regulatory records are understood to play in assurance and good animal husbandry by farmers, regulatory inspectors, and veterinary experts. Farmers experience record-keeping as something they must do to satisfy external regulatory demands rather than anything that good farmers might themselves use in caring for their livestock. As a result they regard paperwork as burdensome and often fail to comply with record-keeping requirements. By contrast, inspectors and animal welfare experts frame record-keeping and analysis as central to good animal husbandry and to a properly anticipatory approach to managing animal health and welfare. Those veterinary-medical presumptions about farm practice inform both the design of specific animal welfare record-keeping requirements and their self-effacing conceit as being about peering over the farmer's shoulder to audit already existing records. Our findings highlight the dual tendency for the practice of regulatory record-keeping to become decoupled from both the formal requirements and from the quality of care that paperwork is meant to assure. Our analysis extends the critical literature on audit and regulation by drawing on the materialist tradition of science and technology studies to elucidate how this decoupling is shaped by the physical form and materiality of records themselves.

scholarly journals BRIEF OVERVIEW OF BOVINE HYPODERMOSIS IN KAZAKHSTAN AND OTHER CENTRAL ASIAN REGIONS - WITH A RECOMMENDATION TO CONTROL THIS PARASITOSIS BY GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Bauer Ch.
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Small Holding

Hypodermosis is known to be a parasitosis of cattle having a negative economic impact. Nevertheless, it is still (or again) highly prevalent in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian regions. This is mainly attributable to the restructuring and privatization of animal husbandry after the dissolution of the former Soviet Union that was associated with economic and social problems, some of them still persist in agriculture today. In view of its negative economic impact, bovine hypodermosis should be controlled by appropriate measures, also by government support and regulations, in order to improve the animal health and the profitability of cattle farming and thus to increase the income of small-holding farmers in particular.The aim of the present paper is to provide an understanding and background for this recommendation. After a description of related English terms and the life cycle of Hypoderma species, a brief review is given on the occurrence of bovine hypodermosis in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian regions and its economic impact as well as on current options to control and eradicate this parasitosis.

scholarly journals Role of Veterinarian in Animal Welfare Issue: A Global Concept

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
M Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Relief Of Suffering ◽  
Animal Resources ◽  
Animal Care

Animal welfare is the well-being of animals.  The standards of "good" animal welfare vary considerably between different contexts. These standards are under constant review and are debated, created and revised by animal welfare groups, legislators and academics worldwide (Hewson, 2003). It is strongly linked to animal health, which similarly depends on good animal husbandry. Animal welfare is a core mandate of the veterinary community generally and veterinarians individually. This concept is articulated by many veterinary organizations in their Code of Practice, Veterinary Oath or other statements of commitment. Such statements centre on the common theme “a veterinarian should be dedicated to the benefit of society, the conservation of animal resources and the relief of suffering of animals and to promote animal wellbeing”. As scientific knowledge in the field of animal welfare expands and the expectations of society change in regard to animal care, so the commonly accepted definitions of animal welfare have evolved. Knowledge of animal welfare, particularly those in production is becoming essential to veterinary professionals across the globe.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23702Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 1-3

LIVESTOCK FARMING TECHNOLOGIES IN CASE OF LARGE-SCALE RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION (TO 35TH-ANNIVERSARY OF THE CHERNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT)

1970 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
A. V. Panov ◽  
N. N. Isamov ◽  
O. S. Gubareva ◽  
P. N. Tsygvintsev ◽  
А. N. Ratnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Chernobyl Npp ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Cattle Farms

On the example of the Chernobyl NPP accident, the problems of animal husbandry in case of radioactive contamination of hayfields and pastures are shown. The factors determining the accumulation of radionuclides in milk and meat are presented. It is noted that the excess of radiological standards for the content of 137Cs in livestock products in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region is long-term and requires continuation of rehabilitation work. A classification of countermeasures and technologies in animal husbandry carried out after the Chernobyl accident is given. It was shown that the most effective was the use of Cs-binding sorbents - hexacyanoferrates for lactating cows and fattening cattle. Farms in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region have been identified, where until now there is a risk of exceeding the standards for the content of radionuclides in livestock products. For these farms, a scheme for the use of hexacyanoferrates was proposed depending on the levels of 137Cs contamination of grassland.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rashmi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Food And Agriculture

There are many different reason why consumer choose to buy organic food. These can include for example, concern for the environment and animal welfare. Eating organic food is one way to reduce consumption of pesticides residues and additives. consumer may also choose to buy organic food because they believe that it is safer and more nutritious than other food , new research show significant nutritional differences between organic and non- organic food (Dian Bourn and John Prescott 2002) ,organic food also increase nutritional value , sensory Qualities ,and food safety (Dr William Lockerefz  2010) . According to Denis Lairoh (2006) study nutritional quality and safety of organic food are more important because 1)organic plants products contain more dry matter and minerals (Fe,Mg) and contain more oxidant , micronutrient such as phenols and salicylic acid .2)organic animal products contain more polyunsaturated fatty acid .Organic farming is a holistic approach to food production .making use of crop rotation ,environmental management and good animal husbandry to control pests and disease. Processed organic food use ingredients that were produced organically and organic ingredients must make up at least 95% of the food there are only limited number of additives used in organic food production. Some key aspects of organic food and farming 1) restricted use of artificial fertilizer for pesticides. 2)emphasis on animal welfare ,and prevention of ill health , including stoking densities free range choice of suitable breeds .3)use of conventional veterinary medicine is focused on treating sick animals .4)emphasis on soil health and maintaining this through application of manure ,compost and crop rotation  . 5) Processor of organic food have a restrict set of additives to use. 6) No use of GMO or their products allowed. Environmental Benefits of Organic food and Agriculture -Sustainability over the long term. Many changes observed in the environment are long term, occurring slowly over time. Organic agriculture considers the medium- and long-term effect of agricultural interventions on the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food while establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. Organic agriculture takes a proactive approach as opposed to treating problems after they emerge.

Economic Impact of Lifestyle Behaviour and Quality of Sleep on Long-Term Sickness Absence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
Paulus Torkki ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Johanna Pekkala ◽  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour

A brief review of diagnosis of small ruminants brucellosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Ren ◽  
Qisheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Immunological Tests

: Brucellosis caused by bacteria of the genus of Brucella remains a major zoonosis in the widely world, which is an infectious disease with a severe economic impact on animal husbandry and public health. The genus of Brucella includes ten species and the most prevalent is Brucella melitensis. The diagnosis of Brucella melitensis ruminant brucellosis is based on bacteriological and immunological tests. The use of vaccines and the false-positive serological reactions (FPSR) caused by other cross-reacting bacteria represent the immunological contexts. This complex context results in the development of the large number of diagnosis of Brucella melitensis brucellosis. The aim of this article is to briefly review the detection methods and compare the superiorities of different tests.

scholarly journals Modelling Global Nickel Mining, Supply, Recycling, Stocks-in-Use and Price Under Different Resources and Demand Assumptions for 1850–2200

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hulda Olafsdottir ◽  
Harald Ulrik Sverdrup
Keyword(s):  
Market Prices ◽  
Nickel Extraction ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
Ore Grades ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Ore Grade

AbstractThe long-term supply of nickel to society was assessed with the WORLD7 model for the global nickel cycle, using new estimates of nickel reserves and resources, indicating that the best estimate of the ultimately recoverable resources for nickel is in the range of 650–720 million ton. This is significantly larger than earlier estimates. The extractable amounts were stratified by extraction cost and ore grade in the model, making them extractable only after price increases and cost reductions. The model simulated extraction, supply, ore grades, and market prices. The assessment predicts future scarcity and supply problems after 2100 for nickel. The model reconstructs observed extraction, supply and market prices for the period 1850–2020, and is used to simulate development for the period 2020–2200. The quality of nickel ore has decreased significantly from 1850 to 2020 and will continue to do so in the future according to the simulated predictions from the WORLD7 model. For nickel, extraction rates are suggested to reach their maximum value in 2050, and that most primary nickel resources will have been exhausted by 2130. After 2100, the supply per capita for nickel will decline towards exhaustion if business-as-usual is continuing. This will be manifested as reduced supply and increased prices. The peak year can be delayed by a maximum of 100 years if recycling rates are improved significantly and long before scarcity is visible.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Mechanism and Its Risk Factors in England’s Cattle Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3451
Author(s):  
Tabassom Sedighi ◽  
Liz Varga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Network ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Cattle Farms

Controlling bovine tuberculosis (bTB) disease in cattle farms in England is seen as a challenge for farmers, animal health, environment and policy-makers. The difficulty in diagnosis and controlling bTB comes from a variety of factors: the lack of an accurate diagnostic test which is higher in specificity than the currently available skin test; isolation periods for purchased cattle; and the density of active badgers, especially in high-risk areas. In this paper, to enable the complex evaluation of bTB disease, a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is designed with the help of domain experts and available historical data. A significant advantage of this approach is that it represents bTB as a dynamic process that evolves periodically, capturing the actual experience of testing and infection over time. Moreover, the model demonstrates the influence of particular risk factors upon the risk of bTB breakdown in cattle farms.

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