scholarly journals Irrigation treatments, water use efficiency and crop sustainability in cereal-forage rotations in Mediterranean environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Martiniello ◽  
Giovanni Annichiarico ◽  
Salvatore Claps
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Crop Sustainability

Row spacing fails to modify soil evaporation and grain yield in spring wheat in a dry Mediterranean environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAM Yunusa ◽  
RK Belford ◽  
D Tennant ◽  
RH Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency

The loss of moisture by evaporation from soil under crop canopies (Esc) has been recognized as a major cause of poor water use efficiency (WUE), and hence poor grain yield, in crops grown in environments with limited rainfall. Agronomic approaches to restrain Esc aim to reduce the transmission of solar radiation to the soil beneath the crop by improving ground cover by the crop canopy. However, the sparse canopies produced in these environments have a limited effect on evaporation during the energy dependent first stage (Es1); much of the evaporation is independent of energy at the soilsurface (Es2), and therefore less sensitive to the influence of the crop canopy. Manipulating plant arrangement, primarily by changing row spacing, may provide a simple approach for improving ground cover and restraining E,, without changing GAI, and thus improving WUE and grain yield. To explore the potential benefit of variable row spacing on Esc and grain yield in the dry (300 mm) Mediterranean environment of the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia, spring wheat was grown in 0.09, 0.18, 0.27 and 0.36 m row spacings on coarse textured and fine textured soil types at Merredin in 1989. Esc was determined with an empirical model and measured with microlysimeters. Row spacing had no significant effect on the development of green area index (GAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation and evapotranspiration (ET) throughout the season. However, in mid-season, the proportion of ground covered by the canopy was higher and transmission of solar radiation was reduced in the 0.09 m row spacing compared with the 0.36 m row spacing. These effects did not restrain E,,, which was similar in all treatments. Esc was not restrained even when the plant density was doubled in the 0.09 m row spacing treatment. Esc during the season averaged 88 mm across all row spacings on both soils; this accounted for 56% and 48% of the mean seasonal ET on the coarse textured and fine textured soils respectively. Consequently, neither water use efficiency nor grain yield were affected by variation in row spacing; water use efficiency averaged 25 kg DM ha-1 mm-1 on both soil types. For dry Mediterranean environments of Western Australia, it was concluded on the basis of these results, and yield data from other row spacing trials in the same districts, that there are no significant yield benefits to be obtained by reducing the row spacing from the current spacing of 0.18 m.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Water and Nitrogen Application on Yields and Water-use Efficiency of Tomato and Pepper in Sandy Soil

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 981C-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Johannes Scholberg ◽  
Michael Dukes ◽  
Hannah Snyder ◽  
Rafael Munoz-Carpena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Several practices have been adopted to minimize water use and potential N leaching of vegetable production systems, including use of drip irrigation, plastic mulch, and fertigation. However, these practices may not be adequate on sandy soils with poor water and nutrient retention capacities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the interactive effects of irrigation practices and fertilizer rates on yield, fertilizer requirements, and N-leaching of pepper and tomato production systems. Bell pepper and tomato were planted on plastic mulched to evaluate the effects of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (154, 192, 288 kg·ha -1 N for pepper vs. 166, 208, and 312 kg·ha-1 N for tomato) and three irrigation scheduling methods were evaluated. Depending on sensor readings, soil moisture sensor (SMS) irrigation treatments allowed up to five watering events per day where as for the fixed duration treatment irrigation was applied once a day. For tomato, the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) was also evaluated. Compared to TIME, use of SMS control system reduced water use by 29& to 44% and 37% to 66% for tomato and pepper, respectively. Tomato yield was significantly higher on SMS and SDI treatments compared to TIME treatments. For pepper yield and biomass accumulation were not affected by irrigation treatments. The average yields were 24.6 and 27.8 Mg·ha-1 of fresh marketable fruits for pepper and tomato, respectively. Nitrogen rate did not affect yield and optimal yield N rate did not affect yield for either crop. On average, SMS treatments increased irrigation water use efficiency 2–3 times compared to TIME treatments for both tomato and pepper.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Carbon Dioxide Supplementation with Irrigation and Fertilization Management of Geranium and Fountain Grass

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1772-1780
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Megha R. Poudel ◽  
Bruce Dunn ◽  
Charles Fontanier ◽  
Gopal Kakani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Increase in ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is beneficial for plant growth due to increased photosynthesis and water use efficiency. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate how supplemented CO2 influences optimal irrigation and fertilization management for production of two ornamental plants. Two identical greenhouses were used, with one having CO2 supplementation and the other serving as the control with ambient CO2 concentration. Tensiometer-based irrigation treatments were applied at soil tensions of –5, –10, and –15 kPa with 0-, 3-, 6-, or 9-g controlled-release fertilizer rates applied in factorial with irrigation treatments. Plugs of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ and fountain grass were grown under experimental conditions for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that CO2 supplementation increased the dry weight of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ and fountain grass by 35% and 39%, respectively. Under the two driest irrigation regimes (–10 and –15 kPa), photosynthesis of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ increased with CO2 supplementation compared with the ambient condition. Similarly, for fountain grass, the moderately watered (–10 kPa) treatment had a greater rate of photosynthesis with greater fertilizer rates of 6 or 9 g. CO2 supplementation resulted in increased water use efficiency of both species, whereas rate of transpiration was lower only in fountain grass. Among different fertilizer rates, 6- or 9-g fertilizer rates had greater values for dry weight, number of flowers, and stomatal conductance in both species. Therefore, it can be concluded that CO2 supplementation can help in efficient use of water for greenhouse production of ornamental plants.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water use efficiency of giant reed (Arundo donaxL.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteusGreef et Deu.) in a Mediterranean environment.

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Triana ◽  
Nicoletta Nassi o Di Nasso ◽  
Giorgio Ragaglini ◽  
Neri Roncucci ◽  
Enrico Bonari
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Yield and Leaf Quality of Processing Spinach under Deficit Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1868-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Giovanni Piccinni
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Restrictions placed on water usage for farmers have prompted the development of irrigation management projects aiming at water savings of economically important crops. The objective of this work was to determine yield, water use efficiency, and leaf quality responses to deficit irrigation rates of processing spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) cultivars. Three irrigation treatments were imposed with a center pivot system, 100%, 75%, and 50% crop evapotranspiration rates (ETc). Commercial cultivars used were `DMC 09', `ASR 157', and `ACX 3665'. Leaf quality was significantly affected by deficit irrigation rate and cultivar. Leaf yellowness was highest at 50% ETc, and was more evident for `ACX 3665'. The percent excess stem (>10 cm) was higher at 100% ETc. This response was greater in `ACX 3665' than in `ASR 157' and `DMC 09'. Marketable yields were significantly higher for `ASR 157' at either 100% or 75% ETc rates, compared to `DMC 09' and `ACX 3665'. High water use efficiency was also measured at 75% ETc for `ASR 157'. Minimum canopy temperature differences were detected among the irrigation treatments. This work demonstrated that it is possible to reach a 25% water savings in one season, without reducing yields when using vigorous cultivars.

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