scholarly journals Strength training improves body composition, muscle strength and increases CD4+ T lymphocyte levels in people living with HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Garcia de Brito-Neto ◽  
Micássio Fernandes de Andrade ◽  
Valéria Duarte de Almeida ◽  
Dayane Carla Costa Paiva ◽  
Nickson Melo de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

The establishment of physical training programs for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has several benefits. The study aimed to analyze the effect of resistance training using prediction of intensity by subjective perception of effort (SPE) on body composition, muscle strength, and TCD4+ lymphocyte levels in PLWHA. This a randomized controlled trial study. Participants (11 men and 8 women), were divided in two groups: exercise group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG was submitted to 12 weeks of a resistance-training program based in the prediction of intensity by SPE. Body mass percentages were evaluated using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance and skinfold methods. We used Flow Cytometry to quantify CD4+ T lymphocytes. Patients showed significant changes in Body Fat Percentage (Δ%=-6.23%), Lean Body Mass (Δ%=2.45%), and CD4T lymphocytes levels (Δ%=15.77%). They also showed significant increase in muscular strength presented in the test for one repetition maximum in all the evaluated exercises. Our data suggest that exercising program prescribed by SPE is capable of improving immune function, body composition, and muscular strength in PLWHA.

Resistance training with blood flow restriction: Impact on the muscle strength and body composition in people living with HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Cândido Alves ◽  
André P. Santos ◽  
Pedro P. Abdalla ◽  
Ana Cláudia R. Venturini ◽  
Priscila S. Angelotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Prohormone supplement 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one enhances resistance training gains but impairs user health

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Granados ◽  
Trevor L. Gillum ◽  
Kevin M. Christmas ◽  
Matthew R. Kuennen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Fat Body Mass

Prohormone supplements (PS) are recognized not to impart anabolic or ergogenic effects in men, but the research supporting these conclusions is dated. The Anabolic Steroid Control Act was amended in 2004 to classify androstenedione and 17 additional anabolic compounds as controlled substances. The viability of PS that entered the market after that time have not been evaluated. Seventeen resistance-trained men (23 ± 1 yr; 13.1 ± 1.5% body fat) were randomly assigned to receive either 330 mg/day of 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one (Prohormone; n = 9) or sugar (Placebo; n = 8) per os and complete a 4-wk (16 session) structured resistance-training program. Body composition, muscular strength, circulating lipids, and markers of liver and kidney dysfunction were assessed at study onset and termination. Prohormone increased lean body mass by 6.3 ± 1.2%, decreased fat body mass by 24.6 ± 7.1%, and increased their back squat one repetition maximum and competition total by 14.3 ± 1.5 and 12.8 ± 1.1%, respectively. These improvements exceeded ( P < 0.05) Placebo, which increased lean body mass by 0.5 ± 0.8%, reduced fat body mass by 9.5 ± 3.6%, and increased back squat one repetition maximum and competition total by 5.7 ± 1.7 and 5.9 ± 1.7%, respectively. Prohormone also experienced multiple adverse effects. These included a 38.7 ± 4.0% reduction in HDL ( P < 0.01), a 32.8 ± 15.05% elevation in LDL ( P < 0.01), and elevations of 120.0 ± 22.6 and 77.4 ± 12.0% in LDL-to-HDL and cholesterol-to-HDL ratios, respectively (both P < 0.01). Prohormone also exhibited elevations in serum creatinine (19.6 ± 4.3%; P < 0.01) and aspartate transaminase (113.8 ± 61.1%; P = 0.05), as well as reductions in serum albumin (5.1 ± 1.9%; P = 0.04), alkaline phosphatase (16.4 ± 4.7%; P = 0.04), and glomerular filtration rate (18.0 ± 3.3%; P = 0.04). None of these values changed (all P > 0.05) in Placebo. The oral PS 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one improves body composition and muscular strength. However, these changes come at a significant cost. Cardiovascular health and liver function are particularly compromised. Given these findings, we feel the harm associated with this particular PS outweighs any potential benefit.

scholarly journals Once a Week Resistance Training Improves Muscular Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541987974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Divino Nilo dos Santos ◽  
Amilton Vieira ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
João Felipe Mota ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Leg Press

Background: Exercise has been shown to reduce adverse outcomes related to breast cancer. However, the rate of adherence to physical exercise is very low among breast cancer survivors (BCS). This study investigated the effects of high supervision ratio resistance training (RT), once a week for 8 weeks, on changes in body composition and muscular strength in BCS. Methods: Twenty-five female BCS undergoing hormone therapy were randomized into resistance training group (TG, n = 12) or control (CG, n = 13) group. The TG performed 8 weeks of supervised RT, with 1 trainer per volunteer, once a week. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength was evaluated by 10 repetition maximum (10 RM) for leg press (45°) and bench press exercises. A 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare within-group effects at pre- and post-intervention. An analysis of covariance test was used to compare post-intervention values, using pre-intervention measures as covariates. The effect size (ES) was calculated by Cohen’s d. Results: The TG improved muscle strength in 10 RM leg press (45°; Δ 33.75 ± 11.51 kg, P = .02; ES = 0.96) and bench press (Δ 4.08 ± 1.83 kg, P = .01; ES = 1.15). Adherence to training was more than 99%. Changes in body composition were not detected. There were no changes in the CG for any assessment. Conclusion: Once-weekly supervised RT could be an alternative to increase the adherence to exercise and improve muscular strength in BCS.

scholarly journals Effect of Training and Detraining in the Components of Physical Fitness in People Living With HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliany de Souza Araujo ◽  
Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros ◽  
Tatiane Andreza Lima da Silva ◽  
Danielle Coutinho de Medeiros ◽  
Jason Azevedo de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Training And Detraining ◽  
Hiv Aids

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of training and detraining on the physical fitness components of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The study was characterized as experimental with a sample composed of 21 people divided into two groups: 11 volunteers (PLHA, 46.9 ± 8.0 years, 63.8 ± 12.7 kg, 161.7 ± 8.7 cm, 7 men, and 4 women), using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10 people without HIV/AIDS in the control group (CG, 43.8 ± 13.8 years, 75.2 ± 11.2 kg, 163.3 ± 7.8 cm, 3 men, and 7 women), with the same average age and level of physical activity. The intervention, applied to both groups, consisted of combined training for 15 weeks, followed by detraining for 5 weeks. Before and after the training and detraining period the following parameters were evaluated: body composition by dual energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness by ergospirometer, and strength of upper and lower limbs by isometric dynamometer. The results show the effect of the intervention moments on the strength and oxygen consumption variables (time factor), considering the two study groups. Regarding the analysis of the interaction (group vs. time), there was a significant effect on the isometric extension strength of the left (p = 0.019) and right (p = 0.030) knees, with training (left: 10.4%; right: 12.4%) and detraining (left: −10.8%; right: −12.1%) effect in PLHA, when compared with the control group (left: 8.1 and 3.9%, respectively; right: 11.5 and −0.2%, respectively). In addition, there was a significant interaction on ventilatory threshold 1 (p = 0.002), indicating a significantly greater increase with training (27.3%) and decrease with detraining (−22.7%) in the PLHA group compared with the Control group (19.9 and −6.7%, respectively). In conclusion, combined training and the subsequent period of detraining caused similar responses in body composition, isometric strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness of PLHA and CG, except for the extensor strength of the lower limbs and ventilatory threshold 1, which presented positive effects on training and negative effects on detraining for PLHA.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03075332.

scholarly journals Dietary Micronutrients and Gender, Body Mass Index and Viral Suppression Among HIV-Infected Patients in Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Author(s):  
Nathan Isabirye ◽  
Amara E. Ezeamama ◽  
Rachel Kyeyune-Bakyayita ◽  
Danstan Bagenda ◽  
Wafaie W. Fawzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Multivitamin Supplementation ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowances ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS is a hallmark of immune suppression. Micronutrient deficiencies in diet and recurrent opportunistic infections play major roles in the lives of people living with HIV. Although benefits of providing adequate diet to HIV positive persons are well documented, the demand for key elements still remain unclear in particular settings, especially in low and middle-income countries. Methods: This was a cross sectional analysis of baseline data collected from HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy, and who were enrolled in a multivitamin supplementation trial. A food frequency questionnaire was used and intake were obtained as a product of quantities consumed. Adequacy was calculated as the proportion of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). A chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used at p-value 0.05 to show significant associations. Results: Mean intakes were above minimum requirements for analyzed micronutrients with the exception of Calcium and Iron. Participants who met RDA intakes were as follows: highest (? 80%) for Magnesium, Selenium, Zinc and Vitamins B2, B6, B9, C and E; moderate (50% to <80%) for Vitamins B3, and A; and lowest (?50%) for Iron (30%), Calcium (14.9%), Vitamins B12 and B1. Gender differences in met RDA were observed for Iron, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamins A, B1, B3 and E. In multivariable analyses, nutritional status and CD4 count had no influence on meeting RDA for majority of micronutrients such as magnesium, Selenium, B class vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12), vitamin (A, C, and E), Zinc and Calcium, but not including iron. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Diets consumed by the study participants were low in most protective nutrients (Iron, Calcium, Zinc, Vitamin A, B1, B3, and B12). This deficiency was more common among females than males, and irrespective of BMI or CD 4 count. Findings warrant further investigation on the impact and cost implications for suplementation interventions that target the elements lacking in the diets of people living with HIV in similar low-resourced settings. Key words: • Recommended Dietary Allowances • Micronutrients • Dietary intakes • Body Mass Index • CD4 cell count • HIV/AIDS • Uganda   Copyright © 2020 Isabirye et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Self-reported and measured weight, height and body mass index for the diagnosis of the nutritional status in people living with HIV/AIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-566
Author(s):  
Rafaela Lira Formiga Cavalcanti de LIMA ◽  
Amira Rose Costa MEDEIROS ◽  
Leidyanny Barbosa de MEDEIROS ◽  
Amanda Amaiy Pessoa SALERNO ◽  
Ronei Marcos de MORAES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objective To validate self-reported weight and height data for people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 481 people living with HIV/AIDS seen at a reference unit in João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil, between September and December 2015, 99 (20.5%) of whom had their weight and height measured. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationship between the self-reported and measured weight, height and body mass index values, and linear regression analysis was used to generate equations to predict weight and height. It were significant p-value under 5% for statistic tests applied. Results In the sample with measured values, 57.6% of men, with a mean age of 44 years old and a mean income per capita equivalent to US$145.50, high correlations (r>0.90) between the self-reported and measured values for weight, height and body mass index were observed. The accuracy was 92.6%, and the Kappa coefficient was greater than 0.85. Women tended to underestimate weight and overestimate height. The men overestimated weight and underestimated height. The intraclass correlation coefficients were greater than 0.95. Conclusion The use of self-reported measures of weight, height and body mass index for nutritional assessment of people living with HIV/AIDS is valid and must be considered for similar populations when time and resources are limiting factors.

The Effect of Long-Term Resistance Training on Anthropometric Measures, Muscle Strength, and Self Concept in Pre-Pubertal Boys

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliahu Sadres ◽  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
Naama Constantini ◽  
Ronnie Lidor ◽  
Bareket Falk
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 school years (21 months) of a twice-weekly resistance training program on stature, muscle strength, and self-concept among prepubertal boys. The experimental group (E, n = 27) aged 9.2 ± 0.3 yrs, participated in progressive resistance training, while the control group (C, n = 22) aged 9.4 ± 0.3 yrs, participated in standard physical education classes (as advised by the Ministry of Education). Training sessions included 1–4 sets of 3–6 exercises, with 5–30 repetitions/set. The load ranged between 30% and 70% 1RM. No differences were observed in the gain in body height between groups. Muscle strength increased significantly more in E (e.g., knee extensors: 0.51 ± 0.13 to 0.77 ± 0.16 kg/kg body mass), compared with C (0.34 ± 0.12 to 0.54 ± 0.11 kg/kg body mass). One minor injury was reported throughout the study. Initial scores of self-concept were high in both groups, with no training effect. The results demonstrate that among prepubertal boys, a twice-weekly low-to-moderate-intensity resistance training program over a period of 2 school years (21 months) can result in enhancement in muscle strength with no detrimental effect on growth.

Effect Of Resistance Training In Children Who Are Overweight Or Obese – Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Petr Vajda ◽  
Tomáš Hlinský
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Before And After

Overweight and obese children often suffer for many physiological and psychological is-sues. Resistance training allows them to excel over their peers due to strength ability which is related to their somatotype. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an eight-week resistance training program on body composition in overweight and obese children. Study sample included 8 boys and 4 girls (age = 11.7 ± 1.54) who were involved in an eight-week strength specifically designed program consisted of two strength training unit per week. Resistance of exercise was set on 8‒10 RM. Body composition were measured by InBody 720 two times before and after the training intervention. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used. Results showed increase in total body weight (2.7%), lean body mass (2.5%) and fat mass (3.7%). This effect indicates that used resistance training program is suficient to lean body mass grow. Nevertheless, program proved to be inadequate to avoid an increase in fat mass. This could be caused by many factors which should be consider in further research (e.g. longer technique practice, diet, number of training units).

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