scholarly journals Depression, anxiety and stress and their associated social determinants in the Saudi college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Mohammad ◽  
Ibrahim Waleed Almakran ◽  
Ahmad Saleh Al-Montashri ◽  
Ammar Mohammed Mursi ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Married Students

Globally, students suffer from stress, anxiety, and depression in higher education and seek counselling since education process has negative impacts on mental health of some students. This study was aimed at measuring the depression, stress, and anxiety and their associated social determinants like (income, education, residence, marital status, and educational difficulties) in undergraduate students of Umm Al-Qura University (UQU). Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) validated from the original English version instrument by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) was used; A sample of 373 respondents through clustered sampling was drawn from the five randomly chosen faculties of the University. Data was analyzed by running ANOVA and t-test procedures in SPSS software. The study found that the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in the students was 30%, 60%, and 50% respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the stress levels of students of different colleges (p=0.000). Students’ stress levels were significantly higher (p=0.000) in the Applied Medical Sciences and in the final year students (p=0.015). Significantly high levels of depression (p=0.000), anxiety (p=0.000), and stress (p=0.000) were found in the students belonging to the poor economic strata. Depression (p=0.038), Anxiety (p=0.022), and stress (p=0.001) were statistically high in the students whose father had a low level of education. Statistically high level (p=0.028) of stress was also found in the students whose mothers had a low level of education. Students who reported educational difficulties had significantly (p=0.001) high levels depression. However, the results of stress, anxiety, and depression in married students and the location of the students’ variables were not found statistically significant. The findings may be useful for informed policymaking in the higher learning institutions and initiation of counseling provisions in the concerned faculties for the distressed students with a view to enhancing their educational outcomes.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

THE IMPACT OF GENDER, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION ON PERFORMANCE ON PURSUIT ROTOR

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
Khader Baroun
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Increment

In this study the impact of gender, levels of anxiety, and depression on pursuit rotor performance task was investigated. The participants were 292 undergraduate students (171 men and 121 women) of Kuwait University, Kuwait. They completed an anxiety scale, depression scale, and 4 speed levels of pursuit rotor. They were divided into 3 groups (low, middle, and high anxiety and depression) based on their scores on the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS; Abdel-Khalek, 2000) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961). The results revealed that groups of men with low levels of anxiety, and high level of depression showed significant increment in performance and had more time on target than the other groups in all 4 speed sessions, whereas women displayed less time on target of pursuit rotor.

Stress in first-year Egyptian and Saudi female medical students: a cross cultural comparison

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1583-1583
Author(s):  
M. Amr ◽  
A.-H. El-Gilany ◽  
M. El-Wasify
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
First Year ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

IntroductionCollege students, especially freshmen, are particularly prone to stress due to the transitional nature of college life. However most of studies in this context were conducted in Western Europe and North America with only few recent studies conducted in the Arab world. This study sought to determine whether there was a difference in perceived stress levels of female medical students at Mansoura University, Egypt, and King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThe sample consisted of first year female medical students. The self-reported questionnaire covered four categories, including 13 items, of sources of stress (stressors).Perceived stress scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to measure stress, anxiety and depression.ResultsThere is no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of stressors. However, Saudi students were more likely to cite emotional problems, excessive workload and fear of future. The most common items in Egyptian students were financial and environmental problems. Prevalence of stress and clinical anxiety was higher in the Saudi sample. Logistic regression analyses of independent predictors of high level of stress among both groups combined were Saudi nationality, larger family size, clinical depression and clinical anxiety.ConclusionsPerceived stress and anxiety are frequent among Saudi students. This information could be useful in designing preventive mental health programs that should be an integral part of the routine clinical facilities caring for medical students to help them to cope with the increasing demands of medical education.

Comparison of Spoilage Rates in Ground Turkey and Ground Beef

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. STERN ◽  
C. E. LYON ◽  
M. T. MUSGROVE ◽  
J. A. DICKENS ◽  
R. L. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
High Level

Spoilage rates of ground turkey and ground beef were compared. Clean muscle tissue of the two livestock species were ground in a hygienic manner, providing initial mesotrophic counts (72 h at 25°C) in the range of ca. 102–3 CFU/g. Moisture, fat, and protein contents for the ground products were similar. Each ground product was subjected to the following treatments: a) uninoculated control, b) inoculated with a low level of turkey flora, c) inoculated with a high level of turkey flora, d) inoculated with a low level of beef flora, and e) inoculated with a high level of beef flora. Three replicate analyses were performed on the products which were held at 5°C in air-permeable plastic bags. Five subsamples (20–25 g) were taken for each of the five analysis times over 10 d of storage. At completion of storage, bacterial counts varied from 103.5 to 109.2 CFU/g, with the turkey control group at the lower end of the range. Our findings indicate no significant difference between the spoilage rates of the two ground products, regardless of treatment or origin of species.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the knowledge and use of the female condom among Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1362-1374
Author(s):  
Philemon Dauda Shallie ◽  
Firoza Haffejee
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Condom ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Background: The female condom (FC) is a critical component in a comprehensive and sustainable approach to prevent HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Objectives: This review provides comprehensive information about Nigerian’s knowledge and use of FC. Methods: We screened search output, evaluated study eligibility, and extracted data in duplicate. Data from similar studies were combined in a meta-analysis. Results: There was a significantly (p < 0.0001) high-level of awareness amongst the respondents. However, the use of the FC was very low at 5.5% among female respondents. There was a significant (p < 0.0001) difference between FC awareness and use. The main reasons for FC use were prevention of unintended pregnancy (55%) and STIs/HIV (31%). We observed a significant difference between reasons of non-use of the FC [F (5, 13) = 5.195, P = 0.0077]. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the sources of information on FC [F (3, 8) = 32.89, P < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Despite the high levels of awareness, especially among the female respondents, the use of the FC has remained extremely low even among the young, educated undergraduate students. There is aneed for robust and consistent advocacy to make the FC available and affordable. Keywords: Female condom; women; men; awareness; use; Nigeria.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STRATEGI PELATIHAN DAN PENGETAHUAN KONSEP DASAR EKOLOGI TERHADAP SIKAP TENAGA KERJA YANG BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
J. E. Endang D. P
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Labor Training ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Training Strategies ◽  
High Level

This study aimed at investigating the effect of training strategies and knowledge of basic concepts of ecology on environmental-based attitude of prospective labors. The experimental study with 2x2 factorial designs was conducted at the Regional Labor Training Centre of West Jakarta with training participants of the center involved as subjects of the study. The study has been focused on four Research Questions: (1) Is there any significant difference in the environmental-based attitude of prospective labors who were trained with fieldtrip strategy and those who were trained with group discussion strategy?; (2) Is there any significant difference in the environmental-based attitude of prospective labors with high level of knowledge of basic concepts of ecology who were trained with fieldtrip strategy and those who were trained with group discussion strategy?; (3) Is there any in the environmental-based attitude of prospective labors with low level of knowledge of basic concepts of ecology who were trained with fieldtrip strategy and those who were trained with group discussion strategy?; and (4) Is there any interactions between the effect of training strategies and knowledge of basic concepts of ecology on the environmental-based attitude of prospective labors?Findings of the study signify that (1) there is no significant difference in the environmental-based attitude of prospective labors who were trained with fieldtrip strategy and those who were trained with group discussion strategy; (2) prospective labors with high level of knowledge of basic concepts of ecology who were trained with fieldtrip strategy show better environmental-based attitude compared to those who were trained with group discussion strategy; (3) prospective labors with low level of knowledge of basic concepts of ecology who were trained with group discussion strategy show better environmental-based attitude compared to those who were trained with fieldtrip strategy; and (4) there is an interaction between training strategies and knowledge of basic concepts of ecology on the environmental-based attitude of prospective labors.To sum up, to promote better environmental-based attitude of prospective labors requires appropriate training strategies that is determined by carefully considering their knowledge level on basic concepts of ecology.

scholarly journals Effect of Sampling Force on The Quality of Oropharyngeal Swabs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wenliang guo ◽  
shaoqiang Li ◽  
chen Hong ◽  
qian Jiang ◽  
tao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Optimal Strength ◽  
Level Group

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to clarify the most suitable sampling force for OP swabs. Methods Thirty healthy subjects were continuously included in this study. The quantitative relationship between sampling force and the quality of OP swabs (CT values of GAPDH in OP swab specimens) has been explored. Results No significant relativities between the median sampling forces and qualities of OP swab were found in this study (r=-0.079, P = 0.547). The median and maximum sampling forces were remarkedly differed from different sampling doctors (P < 0.001). However, the mRNA expression of GAPDH of OP swabs specimens that were taken by two different doctors showed no statistical difference. The mRNA expressions of GAPDH presented no significant difference among three groups(low level: 0–20 g, middle level: 20–40 g, high level: > 40 g)of sampling force (P = 0.873). However, it was observed that the incidence of side effects was significantly increased in the middle and high level groups, compared to the low level group (P < 0.002). Conclusions We believed that a sampling force ranged from 0 to 40 g was considered as the optimal strength during OP swab sampling.

Temperature Variation Analysis of a Coolant Level Using Multiple Comparisons for Green Turning Process

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1388-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Han Yang ◽  
Young Moon Lee ◽  
Hee Sool Kim ◽  
Tae Jo Ko
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Adequate Amount ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tukey Method

Tukey method of multiple comparisons was proposed to decide the adequate amount of coolant re Tukey method of multiple comparisons was proposed to decide the adequate amount of coolant required in machining and to keep the cutting temperature low simultaneously. A new coolant level, termed as "low level", was suggested and it was proved to be approximately one quarter of conventional coolant amount or "high level". "None level" was also used in the experiment to simulate the dry cutting condition. Cutting temperatures according to each different coolant level were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey method of multiple comparisons. A difference in cutting temperatures was found by ANOVA. According to the further study with Tukey method of Honestly Significant Difference (HSD), there was a temperature difference between "none level" and "low level", but no difference in temperature between "low level" and "high level".

Comparative Effects of Three Sequences of Moves for Teaching Selected Mathematical Concepts to College Students

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Robert Catanzano ◽  
Wanda Godwin
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Elementary Teacher ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
High Level

Thirty undergraduate students enrolled in a mathematics course for the elementary teacher were randomly assigned to three experimental groups. Each group was taught three unrelated mathematical concepts by one of three different sequences of instructional moves--a characterization-exemplification (CE) sequence, an exemplification-characterization-exemplification (ECE) sequence, or an exemplification-characterization-exemplification (interrogative) (ECEI) sequence. The purpose was to determine the effects of these three sequences on immediate acquisition and short-term retention of the concepts. Applying the analysis of variance to a randomized blocks design revealed that for certain concepts: (a) the CE sequence was more effective than either the ECE or the ECEI sequence on an immediate acquisition subtest containing low level items, (b) the ECE sequence was more effective than the CE sequence on a short-term retention test containing high level items, and (c) both the CE and the ECE were more effective on an immediate acquisition test containing high level items. No other significant differences on any of the criterion tests were found.

iQ-Check Listeria spp. Real-Time PCR Test Kit

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-515
Author(s):  
Wendy F Lauer ◽  
Jean-Philippe Tourniaire
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Health Canada

Abstract A comparative evaluation study of the Bio-Rad® iQ-Check™Listeria species Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) was conducted at Q Laboratories, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. iQ-Check is a rapid method based on real-time PCR amplification and detection of all species of Listeria, including L. grayi, in food and environmental samples. The iQ-Check method was compared to the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the analysis of five ready-to-eat meats—deli turkey, hot dogs, liver paté, raw fermented sausage, and deli ham—and one stainless steel surface. Each food matrix was analyzed at two contamination levels: a low level at 0.2–2 CFU/25 g and a high level at 2–5 CFU/25 g. The environmental surfaces were analyzed at a low level of 0.2–2 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area and a high level of 2–5 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area. There were 20 replicates per contamination level and five control replicates at 0 CFU/25 g or 0 CFU/5 cm2 sampling area (uninoculated). All samples that were detected by iQ-Check were subsequently confirmed by reference method protocol. There was no significant difference in the number of positive samples detected by the iQ-Check Listeria spp. Kit in comparison to the Health Canada MFHPB-30 method for all matrixes tested.

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