scholarly journals Generationing, stealthing, and gift giving: the intentional transmission of HIV by HIV-positive men to their HIV-negative sex partners

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Klein
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hiv Negative

Gift giving is the process by which an HIV-positive person purposely infects an HIV-negative person with HIV, usually with that person’s knowledge and consent. Little has been written about this HIV transmission practice. In this paper, two specific types of gift giving – generationing and stealthing – are explained and introduced to the scientific literature. <em>Generationing</em> is a type of gift giving in which one gift giver successfully infects a previously-uninfected man with HIV, and then the two men collaborate in an effort to seroconvert another man, and so forth. <em>Stealthing</em> is another type of gift giving in which an HIV-positive man actively tries to infect an HIV-negative man with HIV, without the latter’s knowledge or consent. The present study reports on the prevalence of gift giving (4.6%) in a population of men who use the Internet specifically to identify partners for unprotected sex. The research is based on a national random sample of 332 men who have sex with men, identified from 16 websites. Data were collected via telephone interviews conducted between January 2008 and May 2009. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for HIV prevention and intervention efforts. Most notably, to the extent that <em>generationing</em>, <em>stealthing</em>, and <em>gift giving</em> occur among MSM, they represent a very high risk of HIV transmission. More work needs to be done to understand these behaviors, the factors that underlie them, and to determine how prevalent they are in the bare-backing population of MSM.

Risk behaviours in HIV-positive men who have sex with men participating in an intervention in a primary care setting

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
L H Bachmann ◽  
D M Grimley ◽  
H Chen ◽  
I Aban ◽  
J Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Partner Status ◽  
Unknown Status ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

Men who have sex with men receiving HIV care reported their sexual behaviours and their intentions, classified according to the Transtheoretical Model of Change, to modify the following behaviours: (1) condom use by partner type and activity type; (2) reduction of partner number; and (3) disclosure of HIV serostatus to partners. Most participants were white (68.8%) or black (29.5%) and were more likely to report unprotected sex with HIV-positive than with serodiscordant partners for most activities. Whites reported more partners than black patients (mean 4.1 versus 2; P < 0.0001) and black participants reported fewer HIV-negative ( P = 0.0084) and -unknown status partners ( P = 0.00095) than whites. Cocaine/crack use was associated with more sexual partners ( P = 0.001) and more frequent unprotected sex with HIV-negative or -unknown status partners ( P = 0.036). Readiness to change risk behaviour varied by partner status and type of sexual activity. Understanding patients' risks and their readiness to change behaviours may help providers to promote sexual health.

scholarly journals New challenges associated with Internet-related sexual behaviors: A cross-sectional study of the characteristics and risk factors of men who have sex with men in Zhejiang Province, China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Wanjun Chen ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Zhikan Ni ◽  
Qiaoqin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND Finding casual sex partners on the Internet has been considered as a new challenge for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). OBJECTIVE To identify the characteristics and risk factors of men who have sex with men (MSM) finding casual sex partners on the Internet for a new challenge regarding HIV transmission. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled by four community-based organizations (CBOs) through bathroom, bar and gay applications. Online survey was conducted to collected information on finding casual sex partners, HIV knowledge, HIV-risk behaviors. RESULTS Among 767 participants, 310(40.4%) reported ever finding causal sex partners on the Internet. Factors associated with finding casual sex partners online in multivariate logistic regression analysis included watching pornographic videos on the Internet more than once per week (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.881, 95% CI: 1.201–2.948), discussing “hooking-up online” with friends (aOR = 4.018, 95%CI: 2.910–5.548), and perceiving that the likelihood of HIV infection in online casual sex partners was “very high” (aOR = 2.034, 95%CI: 1.441–2.873) or “high/medium/low” (aOR = 2.548, 95% CI: 1.524–4.259). Among the 310 participants who reported finding casual sex partners online, 30.2% reported having unprotected sex with casual sex partners met online in the past 6 months. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, knowing the HIV infection status of online casual sex partners was significantly associated with a decreased risk of inconsistent condom use (aOR = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.167–0.642). CONCLUSIONS Internet-based casual sexual behavior is becoming more prevalent, and the rate of unprotected sex among MSM in Zhejiang Province is high. Future HIV prevention approaches should emphasize the importance for MSM of proactively determining the HIV infection status of potential online casual sex partners.

scholarly journals HIV serosorting among HIV-positive men who have sex with men is associated with increased self-reported incidence of bacterial sexually transmissible infections

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Marcus ◽  
Axel J. Schmidt ◽  
Osamah Hamouda
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Serosorting ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

Background: We aimed to quantify the frequency of HIV serosorting among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Germany, and evaluate the association of serosorting with other sexual risk management approaches (RMA) and with the frequency of bacterial sexually transmissible infections (STI). Methods: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was distributed through German online sexual networking sites and medical practices in 2006. The analysis was based on 2985 respondents who reported an HIV test result. Based on two questions on RMA, serosorting was classified as tactical (an event-based decision) or strategic (a premeditated search for a seroconcordant partner). The analysis was stratified by HIV serostatus and seroconcordant partnership status. Results: HIV serosorting patterns were different for HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. Tactical serosorting ranked second after RMA based on condom use (HIV-positive: 55.1%, HIV-negative: 45.1%; P < 0.001). While the overlap of strategic and tactical HIV serosorting among HIV-positive MSM was substantial (58.0%), HIV-negative strategic and tactical serosorting were more distinct (18.1% overlap). Among HIV-positive and HIV-negative respondents, tactical serosorting was associated with reduced condom use. Compared with respondents using RMA other than serosorting, HIV-positive men reporting serosorting had a three-fold increased risk for bacterial STI (strategic: odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.76–3.89; tactical: OR = 3.19; 95% CI: 2.14–4.75; both for respondents without HIV seroconcordant partners). Conclusions: HIV serosorting has emerged as a common RMA among MSM. For HIV-positive MSM, it may contribute to high rates of bacterial STI that may lead to elevated per-contact risks for HIV transmission.

High levels of undiagnosed rectal STIs suggest that screening remains inadequate among Black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054563
Author(s):  
Ryan J Watson ◽  
Charlene Collibee ◽  
Jessica L Maksut ◽  
Valerie A Earnshaw ◽  
Katherine Rucinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectiveTo better understand rectal STI screening practices for Black gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (BGBMSM).FindingsAlthough 15% of BGBMSM lab tested positive for a rectal STI, the majority of these (94%) were asymptomatic. Though all participants reported their status as HIV negative/unknown, 31 of 331 (9.4%) tested positive on HIV rapid tests. Neither condomless anal intercourse nor the number of male sex partners was associated with rectal STI or HIV diagnosis, although rectal STI diagnosis was positively related to testing HIV positive.ConclusionsFindings suggest that substantial numbers of BGBMSM have asymptomatic STIs but are not tested—an outcome that is likely a strong driver of onward HIV acquisition. Therefore, we must address the asymptomatic STI epidemic among GBMSM in order to reduce HIV transmission, as well as temper STI transmission, among this key population.

Food Insecurity Partially Mediates the Association Between Drug Use and Depressive Symptoms among Men who have Sex with Men in Los Angeles, California

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David A. Wiss ◽  
Marjan Javanbakht ◽  
Michael J. Li ◽  
Michael Prelip ◽  
Robert Bolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Objective: To understand the relationship between drug use, food insecurity (FI), and mental health among men who have sex with men (MSM). Design: Cohort study (2014-2019) with at least one follow-up. Setting: Visits at 6-month intervals included self-assessment for FI and depressive symptoms. Urine testing results confirmed drug use. Factors associated with FI were assessed using multiple logistic regression with random effects for repeated measures. General structural equation modeling tested whether FI mediates the relationship between drug use and depressive symptoms. Participants: Data were from HIV-positive and high-risk HIV negative MSM in Los Angeles, CA (n=431; 1,192 visits). Results: At baseline, FI was reported by 50.8% of participants, depressive symptoms in 36.7%, and 52.7% of urine screening tests were positive for drugs (i.e., marijuana, opioids, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy). A positive drug test was associated with a 96% increase in the odds of being food insecure (95% CI: 1.26-3.07). Compared to those with high food security, individuals with very low food security have a nearly 7-fold increase in the odds of reporting depressive symptoms (95% CI: 3.71-11.92). Findings showed 14.9% of the association between drug use (exposure) and depressive symptoms (outcome) can be explained by FI (mediator). Conclusion: The prevalence of FI among this cohort of HIV-positive and high-risk HIV-negative MSM was high; the association between drug use and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by FI. Findings suggest that enhancing access to food and nutrition may improve mood in the context of drug use, especially among MSM at risk for HIV-transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca G. Nowak ◽  
Patti E. Gravitt ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Wuese Dauda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Papillomavirus Infections ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

Betapapillomaviruses in the anal canal of HIV positive and HIV negative men who have sex with men

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boštjan Mlakar ◽  
Boštjan J. Kocjan ◽  
Lea Hošnjak ◽  
Kristina Fujs Komloš ◽  
Miloš Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals The reporting of the mode of transmission among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Lviv oblast, Ukraine, 2014-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11.1) ◽  
pp. 122S-127S
Author(s):  
Maryana Sluzhynska ◽  
Olga Denisiuk ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Yulia Sereda ◽  
Gennadiy Slabkiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the key populations driving HIV/AIDS epidemic globally. To date, MSM is the only population in Ukraine where the prevalence and incidence of HIV is increasing. As HIV-positive MSM might feel uncomfortable to report homosexual intercourses as a possible mode of transmission (MoT) of HIV, they prefer being registered as patients with heterosexual or non-defined MoT. This study aimed to calculate the proportion of misclassified MoT among HIV-positive MSM registered in Lviv oblast, Ukraine, during 2014-2018. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 127 HIV-positive MSM patients from Lviv region for the period of 2014-2018. Results: Out of 127 HIV-positive MSM included in the study, 110 (86.6%) were from urban areas. In addition, 52 patients (40.9%) were diagnosed with stage 1 HIV, 16 (12.6%) – stage 2, 19 (15%) – stage 3, and 36 (28.3%) – stage 4. CD4 count < 200 cells/μL was found in 35 (27.6%) patients. Mean time from registration to antiretroviral therapy initiation was 80 days. During the first visit to medical doctor out of those 48 patients who had previously reported “other modes” of HIV transmission, 33 patients (68.7%) disclosed homosexual MoT of HIV. The remaining 15 (31.3%) patients disclosed their homosexual MoT of HIV later – during their regular follow-up visits to the doctor. Conclusion: Special measures are needed to improve the reporting of homosexual MoT which can potentially strengthen the HIV care among MSM.

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