scholarly journals Mapping the risk for transmission of urban schistosomiasis in the Brazilian Northeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Carolle Azevedo De Oliveira ◽  
Iris Edna Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Ricardo José Ferreira ◽  
Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães ◽  
Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Snail Intermediate Host ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
The City

This is an analysis of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the city of Recife in the Northeast of Brazil based on the number of schistosomiasis cases (Schistosoma mansoni) registered for the period 2007-2017 together with data resulting from active search of breeding sites of the Biomphalaria snail intermediate host. The analyses were performed using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), SaTScan and Map Algebra methodology using human socio-demographic data and biotic and abiotic data from the snail breeding sites. Investigating 44 breeding sites resulted in a total of 3.800 snails, 31.8% of which were positive for S. mansoni DNA. These data were considered in relation to total of 652 schistosomiasis cases. The KDE showed two high-risk and two medium-risk clusters, while three significant clusters were identified by SaTScan. Combining these data with the Map Algebra methodology showed that all high-risk neighbourhoods had breeding sites with snails positive for S. mansoni. It was concluded that schistosomiasis transmission cannot be controlled without basic sanitation and sewage management in the presence of Biomphalaria snails. The technique of Map Algebra was found to be fundamental for the analysis and demonstration of areas with a high probability of schistosomiasis transmission.

scholarly journals Coupling ITO3dE model and GIS for spatiotemporal evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in Chongqing in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-wen Zhu ◽  
Zhi-min Yang ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Yu-cheng Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Matrix Kernel ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

AbstractTo determine the risk state distribution, risk level, and risk evolution situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS), we built an ‘Input-Translate-Output’ three-dimensional evaluation (ITO3dE) model that involved 12 factors under the support of GIS and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of AGNPS risks from 2005 to 2015 in Chongqing by using GIS space matrix, kernel density analysis, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis. Land use changes during the 10 years had a certain influence on the AGNPS risk. The risk values in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were in the ranges of 0.40–2.28, 0.41–2.57, and 0.41–2.28, respectively, with the main distribution regions being the western regions of Chongqing (Dazu, Jiangjin, etc.) and other counties such as Dianjiang, Liangping, Kaizhou, Wanzhou, and Zhongxian. The spatiotemporal transition matrix could well exhibit the risk transition situation, and the risks generally showed no changes over time. The proportions of ‘no-risk no-change’, ‘low-risk no-change’, and ‘medium-risk no-change’ were 10.86%, 33.42%, and 17.25%, respectively, accounting for 61.53% of the coverage area of Chongqing. The proportions of risk increase, risk decline, and risk fluctuation were 13.45%, 17.66%, and 7.36%, respectively. Kernel density analysis was suitable to explore high-risk gathering areas. The peak values of kernel density in the three periods were around 1110, suggesting that the maximum gathering degree of medium-risk pattern spots basically showed no changes, but the spatial positions of high-risk gathering areas somehow changed. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis was suitable to explore the relationships between hot and cold spots. Counties with high pollution risks were Yongchuan, Shapingba, Dianjiang, Liangping, northwestern Fengdu, and Zhongxian, while counties with low risks were Chengkou, Wuxi, Wushan, Pengshui, and Rongchang. High-value hot spot zones gradually dominated in the northeast of Chongqing, while low-value cold spot zones gradually dominated in the Midwest. Our results provide a scientific base for the development of strategies to prevent and control AGNPS in Chongqing.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in Chongqing, China, based on the ITO3dE model and GIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-wen ZHU ◽  
Zhi-min YANG ◽  
Lei HUANG ◽  
Yu-cheng CHEN ◽  
Sheng ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Matrix Kernel ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Kernel Density Analysis ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Abstract To determine the risk state distribution, risk level, and risk evolution situation of agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS), we built an ‘Input-Translate-Output’ three-dimensional evaluation (ITO3dE) model that involved 12 factors under the support of GIS and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of AGNPS risks from 2005 to 2015 in Chongqing by using GIS space matrix, kernel density analysis, and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis. Land use changes during the 10 years had a certain influence on the AGNPS risk. The risk values in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were in the ranges of 0.40–2.28, 0.41–2.57, and 0.41–2.28, respectively, with the main distribution regions being the western regions of Chongqing (Dazu, Jiangjin, etc.) and other counties such as Dianjiang, Liangping, Kaizhou, Wanzhou, and Zhongxian. The spatiotemporal transition matrix could well exhibit the risk transition situation, and the risks generally showed no changes over time. The proportions of ‘no-risk no-change’, ‘low-risk no-change’, and ‘medium-risk no-change’ were 10.86%, 33.42%, and 17.25%, respectively, accounting for 61.53% of the coverage area of Chongqing. The proportions of risk increase, risk decline, and risk fluctuation were 13.45%, 17.66%, and 7.36%, respectively. Kernel density analysis was suitable to explore high-risk gathering areas. The peak values of kernel density in the three periods were around 1,110, suggesting that the maximum gathering degree of medium-risk pattern spots basically showed no changes, but the spatial positions of high-risk gathering areas somehow changed. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis was suitable to explore the relationships between hot and cold spots. Counties with high pollution risks were Yongchuan, Shapingba, Dianjiang, Liangping, northwestern Fengdu, and Zhongxian, while counties with low risks were Chengkou, Wuxi, Wushan, Pengshui, and Rongchang. High-value hot spot zones gradually dominated in the northeast of Chongqing, while low-value cold spot zones gradually dominated in the Midwest. Our results provide a scientific base for the development of strategies to prevent and control AGNPS in Chongqing.

scholarly journals Investigação dos fatores condicionantes do capital de giro em micro e pequenas empresas: uma abordagem por grupos estratégicos

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Lucas Maia dos Santos ◽  
Marco Aurélio Marques Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Financial Administration ◽  
The City

In a general way, micro and small enterprises (MPEs) are attractive for their rentability, but, because of some deficiencies in short term financial administration, they work in a high risk of bankruptcy. In this context, this paper aimed to identify and analyze the acting of strategical groups of MPEs according to the methodologies and practices in the working capital conduction, taking as reference the city of Viçosa, MG. In this paper, in which it was used the exploratory quantitive approach, 172 MPEs proprietors were interviewed, and this fact, through the factorial analyses followed by the cluster analyses, enables the identification of three groups with distincts characteristics, basing in restrictive aspects of risk of bankruptcy in these enterprises: low risk, medium risk, and high risk. Despite of the fact that it was noticeable a low risk of bankruptcy group, it is evident the importance of the short term financial administration in the region studied, since the maintenance of a correct administration is far from being unannimous because of the classification of nearly 30% of the enterprises in medium and high risk of bankruptcy groups. To finish, the identification of the enterprises with similar strategies and the best practices used in the short term financial administration can be an aplication instrument in the enterprises classified in medium and high risk of bankruptcy, since some conditioning factors of the risk of bankruptcy were identified.

scholarly journals Forecasting COVID-19 onset risk and evaluating spatiotemporal variations of the lockdown effect in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Shi ◽  
Chengzhuo Tong ◽  
Anshu Zhang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Kernel Density Estimation ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
The City

Abstract It is important to forecast the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset and thereby evaluate how effectively the city lockdown measure could reduce this risk. This study is a first comprehensive, high-resolution investigation of spatiotemporal heterogeneities in the effect of the Wuhan lockdown on the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset in all 347 Chinese cities. An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model was developed to predict the COVID-19 onset risk under two scenarios (i.e., with and without Wuhan lockdown). The Wuhan lockdown, compared with the scenario without lockdown implementation, delayed the arrival of the COVID-19 onset risk peak for 1-2 days in general and lowered risk peak values among all cities. The decrease of the onset risk attributed to the lockdown was more than 8% in over 40% of Chinese cities, and up to 21.3% in some cities. Lockdown was the most effective in areas with medium risk before lockdown.

scholarly journals BAPEN Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool in Adults in the City of Vlora, Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-780
Author(s):  
Brunilda Subashi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Master's Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
The City ◽  
Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

Malnutrition, in all its forms, is a global problem and continues to be one of the greatest challenges facing our generation. ‘MUST’ is a five-step screening tool to identify adults, who are malnourished, at risk of malnutrition (undernutrition), or obese. Purpose: Evaluation of BMI, malnutrition and percentage of weight loss in the city of Vlora, Albania. Methodology: This is an exploratory study, carried out in the city of Vlora during May 20 - June 20, 2020, using the ‘MUST’ since data such as: height, weight and weight before 3-6 months, was obtained through the AFQPHALS Survey (Adult Food Quality and Physical Activity Level Survey), which was distributed online on social networks during May 17- 27, 2020 and completed by 545 adult subjects 18 years and older, including some Albanian cities with the predominance of the city of Vlora. Results & conclusions: Vlora constitute 55% part of the study sample; women 75%; with higher education 45% and master's degree 29%; full-time employees 38% and students 35%; 24% overweight, 9% obesity and 8% underweight; 73% has low risk, 16% has medium risk and 11% has high risk for malnutrition; 73% has not lost weight (0%). The high risk for malnutrition prevails in gender female, at higher education and master's level in students and full-time employees. Recommendations: Recognition and use of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool by the community, that is a free tool, easy and accessible for all to know and reduce malnutrition.

scholarly journals Malaria risk cartography in the municipality of Maxixe: Case of the Chambone Neighborhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Joaquim Gome André Chitata ◽  
Gustavo Sobrinho Dgedge
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Malaria Risk ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Risk Distribution ◽  
Risk Areas

This article focuses on the assessment of malaria risk spatialization, based on data from residential areas by type of breeding sites in the Chambone neighborhood (Maxixe, Mozambique). For the operationalization of the objectives, we opted, in addition to the bibliographic review, for a quali-quantitative approach, for accompanied observations and surveys. The results reveal that the areas at high risk of malaria in Chambone are the extreme northeast, center-eastern, southern and inland southwest-central. These high-risk areas, according to the reclassification given by kernel density, are of higher concentration of breeding sites and dwellings. Given the diversity in the spatial distribution pattern of risk and the factors with conditioning factors, taking into account the type of planning for all areas of the Chambone neighborhood, it was feasible to develop plans adjusted to local interests to modify the current spatial pattern of malaria risk distribution.

scholarly journals An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model forecasts COVID-19 onset risk and identifies spatiotemporal variations of lockdown effects in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Shi ◽  
Chengzhuo Tong ◽  
Anshu Zhang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Kernel Density Estimation ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
The City

AbstractIt is important to forecast the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset and thereby evaluate how effectively the city lockdown measure could reduce this risk. This study is a first comprehensive, high-resolution investigation of spatiotemporal heterogeneities on the effect of the Wuhan lockdown on the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset in all 347 Chinese cities. An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model was developed to predict the COVID-19 onset risk under two scenarios (i.e., with and without the Wuhan lockdown). The Wuhan lockdown, compared with the scenario without lockdown implementation, in general, delayed the arrival of the COVID-19 onset risk peak for 1–2 days and lowered risk peak values among all cities. The decrease of the onset risk attributed to the lockdown was more than 8% in over 40% of Chinese cities, and up to 21.3% in some cities. Lockdown was the most effective in areas with medium risk before lockdown.

Harmonization of the human resource audit in the field of international practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N.S. Bieliaieva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Talent Acquisition

The article explores the possibilities and problems of the process of harmonization of the HR audit in the field of international practice, taking into account the specifics of the market environment of Ukraine. The views of different authors on the problem of HR auditing were investigated. The idea was justified that the harmonization of accounting and financial reporting of economic entities is closely linked with the globalization of economic processes and the economy as a whole on a global scale, the processes of informatisation and digitalization of society, the same as for HR processes. During considering the concept of “HR audit” it should not be forgetting about the legislative component — HR audit is aimed, inter alia, at identifying violations with the law for timely management of weaknesses in the policy of the enterprise in the field of labor. Categorization of observations by impact of importance (high-risk, medium-risk, low-risk — categorization) was investigated; examples for high-risk observations (on the example of: workforce planning, service contract modalities) and medium-risk (on the example of: recruitment process governance, alignment of strategy and work plans, HR functional capacity in Country Offices, talent acquisition in Cos, recruitment processes in Cos, employee on-boarding, training and separation, national non-staff salary scales and pay adjustments, staffing and structure review exercises, social security transfers to service contracts, automation, information and data management, oversight of HR functions in Cos) are given in consideration with agreed actions of HRM and auditor. The ratings (satisfactory, partially satisfactory or unsatisfactory) of an HR audit that are part of the system of evaluating the adequacy of company’s audit risk management, control and governance processes were investigated. The point that the human resource auditing is something that many companies do annually, just as they audit their financial information (despite of their field of activity) is overlined in the article. The harmonization of the HR audit in the field of international practice is a process of unification of methods and principles of auditing in the form of standards is observed.

Avaliação do Perfil Nutricional dos Funcionários das Equipes Estratégia Saúde da Família e Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família do Município de Pedralva – MG/ Evaluation of the Nutritional Profile of Workers from the Family Health Strategy Team and the Supp

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Edna Slob
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
The City

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família e do Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família do município de Pedralva. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo, analítico, transversal, realizado com 42 profissionais que compõem as equipes Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF) e Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família (NASF) no município de Pedralva/MG. Foram coletados dados antropométricos, como peso, altura e circunferências corporais e aplicado um formulário de frequência do consumo alimentar, para avaliar os hábitos alimentares desses profissionais Resultados: Quanto ao estado nutricional, 40,5% dos funcionários se encontravam eutróficos, 40,5% com sobrepeso e 19% com obesidade. Em relação ao risco de doenças cardiovascular, analisando a circunferência abdominal, 9% não apresentou risco, 24% dos funcionários tinham risco elevado e 67%, risco muito elevado; ao se utilizar a relação cintura quadril, encontrou-se 76% dos funcionários sem risco e 24% com risco. De acordo com o inquérito alimentar, observou frequente consumo de arroz, feijão, salada, salgados e carne, pouco consumo de frutas, legumes e peixes. Conclusão: medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas, a fim de evitar que o quadro atual do perfil antropométrico dessa população se torne ainda mais comprometedor, além de garantir melhoria da qualidade de vida dos mesmos.  Palavras-chave: Avaliação nutricional. Estado nutricional. Inquérito alimentar.  ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile of the teams of the Family Health Strategy and Support Center for Family Health in the city of Pedralva. Materials and methods: descriptive, analytical, transversal study performed with 42 professionals that make up the teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and the Support Center for Family Health (NASF) in the city of Pedralva/MG. Anthropometric data such as weight, height and body circumferences were collected and a questionare about the frequency of food consumption was applied to assess the dietary habits of these Professional Results: Regarding nutritional status, 40.5% of employees were normal weight, 40.5% overweight and 19% obese. Regarding the risk of cardiovascular diseases, analyzing abdominal circumference, 9% showed no risk, 24% of employees had high risk and 67%, very high risk; when using the waist-hip ratio, we found 76% of employees with no risk and 24% at risk. According to food survey observed frequent consumption of rice, beans, salad, savory meat and little consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish. Conclusion: Preventive measures should be taken to prevent the current situation of anthropometric profile of this population from becoming even more engaging and also ensure improved quality of life for them.  Keywords: Nutritional evaluation. Nutritional status. Dietary survey. 

scholarly journals An Alternative Risk Assessment Model of Urban Waterlogging: A Case Study of Ningbo City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Meiling Zhou ◽  
Xiuli Feng ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Lijian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The City

Influenced by climate change, extreme weather events occur frequently, and bring huge impacts to urban areas, including urban waterlogging. Conducting risk assessments of urban waterlogging is a critical step to diagnose problems, improve infrastructure and achieve sustainable development facing extreme weathers. This study takes Ningbo, a typical coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, as an example to conduct a risk assessment of urban waterlogging with high-resolution remote sensing images and high-precision digital elevation models to further analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of waterlogging risk. Results indicate that waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is mainly low risk, accounting for 36.9%. The higher-risk and medium-risk areas have the same proportions, accounting for 18.7%. They are followed by the lower-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 15.5% and 9.6%, respectively. In terms of space, waterlogging risk in the city proper of Ningbo is high in the south and low in the north. The high-risk area is mainly located to the west of Jiangdong district and the middle of Haishu district. The low-risk area is mainly distributed in the north of Jiangbei district. These results are consistent with the historical situation of waterlogging in Ningbo, which prove the effectiveness of the risk assessment model and provide an important reference for the government to prevent and mitigate waterlogging. The optimized risk assessment model is also of importance for waterlogging risk assessments in coastal cities. Based on this model, the waterlogging risk of coastal cities can be quickly assessed, combining with local characteristics, which will help improve the city’s capability of responding to waterlogging disasters and reduce socio-economic loss.

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