scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and determination of spatio-temporal clusters during the 2013 dengue outbreak in Chiang Mai, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Chalutwan Sansamur ◽  
Arisara Charoenpanyanet
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Primary Cluster

Dengue is the worldwide most important mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. A large dengue outbreak occurred in Chiang Mai, Thailand in 2013. The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of this outbreak and determine the spatio-temporal pattern in the sub-district with the highest number of dengue cases. Data on patients, including date of illness, were obtained from the Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health Center and analyzed descriptively using R statistical software. The geographic location of patients’ residences was determined from available geographical information databases supplemented with coordinated data collection in the field. A space-time permutation model from SaTScan™ was used to determine disease clusters corresponding to space and time. Results showed that Muang District, the centre of the province, had a higher number of cases than the other 25 districts. The Suthep subdistrict, part of Muang District, had most of the patients: 625 subjects distributed between 213 residences. The space-time analysis identified a primary cluster and 7 secondary clusters in different time periods. The primary cluster had 128 patients in a period of approximately 3 months. The number of patients in the secondary clusters ranged between 7 and 65. Most of the clusters occurred in densely populated areas during June and July (the rainy season). The finding from this study may support health agencies to plan surveillance campaigns for people at specified local areas with a high incidence of the disease.

scholarly journals The First Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreak in Thailand (2021): Epidemiological Features and Spatio-Temporal Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orapun Arjkumpa ◽  
Minta Suwannaboon ◽  
Manoch Boonrod ◽  
Issara Punyawan ◽  
Supawadee Liangchaisiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Cattle Farms

The first outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Thailand was reported in March 2021, but information on the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak is very limited. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological features of LSD outbreaks and to identify the outbreak spatio-temporal clusters. The LSD-affected farms located in Roi Et province were investigated by veterinary authorities under the outbreak response program. A designed questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Space-time permutation (STP) and Poisson space-time (Poisson ST) models were used to detect areas of high LSD incidence. The authorities identified 293 LSD outbreak farms located in four different districts during the period of March and the first week of April 2021. The overall morbidity and mortality of the affected cattle were 40.5 and 1.2%, respectively. The STP defined seven statistically significant clusters whereas only one cluster was identified by the Poisson ST model. Most of the clusters (n = 6) from the STP had a radius <7 km, and the number of LSD cases in those clusters varied in range of 3–51. On the other hand, the most likely cluster from the Poisson ST included LSD cases (n = 361) from 198 cattle farms with a radius of 17.07 km. This is the first report to provide an epidemiological overview and determine spatio-temporal clusters of the first LSD outbreak in cattle farms in Thailand. The findings from this study may serve as a baseline information for future epidemiological studies and support authorities to establish effective control programs for LSD in Thailand.

scholarly journals Clinical-epidemiological characteristics delivery cases of tropic dengue fever

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
V. V. Nechaev ◽  
I. I. Yarovaya ◽  
G. V. Kachenya ◽  
E. V. Doguzhieva ◽  
S. S. Buntovskya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The City

Dengue fever is a zooantroponotic, vector-borne viral disease. It is common among the population of tropical countries and is characterized by a tendency to expand to other countries as a result of infection drifts.Objective: to identify epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of imported dengue fever in St. Petersburg.Materials and methods. The obtained data of official registration of cases of diseases in the Department of accounting and registration of infectious and parasitic diseases of the city of St. Petersburg and clinical case histories from the Сlinical Infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin for 2012–2018 were used as the basis for epidemiological analysis. 144 cases of dengue fever were identified on the basis of registration materials in the city during this period, of which 86 cases were studied on clinical histories. Standards methods of epidemiological diagnostics and statistics were used in the article.Results and discussion. Epidemiological anamnesis has been seen in a wide variety of countries in which tourists stayed and became infected. The hemorrhagic form of dengue fever was diagnosed in only 18 (19,1%) out of 86 patients. This form usually develops with repeated encounters with the virus and is more severe than the classic version of the disease. Dengue fever remains a topical imported disease and is associated with an increase in tourists, often re-visiting disadvantaged tropical countries. Both sexes were equally exposed to the disease. The age characteristic of patients is represented by persons of 20–29 and 30–39 years of age. An increase in the number of patients over a 7-year period was noted in May and November. Such countries as Thailand (37%), Vietnam (13,9%) and India (9,3%) were the predominant tourist destinations. Besides, single infections occurred in 13 countries of the Asian, African and American regions. The primary diagnosis in 50,3% of patients referred to hospital were acute respiratory diseases, combined with diarrhea and other manifestations. Clinical manifestations fit into 5 syndromes, which pass with a variety of symptoms, complicating both clinical diagnosis and laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis. Imported dengue fever is characterized by combined infections caused by pathogens of acute intestinal diseases, cytomegalovirus, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, West Nile fever, hepatitis A, Legionella and Plasmodium malaria. In General, combined infection was detected in 39.5% of patients.

Methods for Space-Time Analysis and Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Delmelle ◽  
Changjoo Kim ◽  
Ningchuan Xiao ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Time Modeling ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

With increasing availability of spatio-temporal data and the democratization of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), there has been a demand for novel statistical and visualization techniques which can explicitly integrate space and time. The paper discusses the nature of spatio-temporal data, the integration of time within GIS and the flourishing availability of spatial and temporal-explicit data over the Internet. The paper attempts to answer the fundamental question on how these large datasets can be analyzed in space and time to reveal critical patterns. The authors further elaborate on how spatial autocorrelation techniques are extended to deal with time, for point, linear, and areal features, and the impact of parameter selection, such as critical distance and time threshold to build adjacency matrices. The authors also discuss issues of space-time modeling for optimization problems.

scholarly journals Geographical information system and spatial–temporal statistics for monitoring infectious agents in hospital: a model using Klebsiella pneumoniae complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Pinho da Silva ◽  
Fabiola A. da Silva ◽  
Caio Augusto Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo Passos Souza ◽  
Elisangela Martins de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Temporal Statistics

Abstract Background The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance and infectious agents have challenged hospitals in recent decades. Our aim was to investigate the circulation of target infectious agents using Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial–temporal statistics to improve surveillance and control of healthcare-associated infection and of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), using Klebsiella pneumoniae complex as a model. Methods A retrospective study carried out in a 450-bed federal, tertiary hospital, located in Rio de Janeiro. All isolates of K. pneumoniae complex from clinical and surveillance cultures of hospitalized patients between 2014 and 2016, identified by the use of Vitek-2 system (BioMérieux), were extracted from the hospital's microbiology laboratory database. A basic scaled map of the hospital’s physical structure was created in AutoCAD and converted to QGis software (version 2.18). Thereafter, bacteria according to resistance profiles and patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKp) complex were georeferenced by intensive and nonintensive care wards. Space–time permutation probability scan tests were used for cluster signals detection. Results Of the total 759 studied isolates, a significant increase in the resistance profile of K. pneumoniae complex was detected during the studied years. We also identified two space–time clusters affecting adult and paediatric patients harbouring CRKp complex on different floors, unnoticed by regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Conclusions In-hospital GIS with space–time statistical analysis can be applied in hospitals. This spatial methodology has the potential to expand and facilitate early detection of hospital outbreaks and may become a new tool in combating AMR or hospital-acquired infection.

Study of the Spatio-Temporal Data Model in Sea Battlefield

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 744-748
Author(s):  
Yue Lin Sun ◽  
Lei Bao ◽  
Yi Hang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Analysis

An effective analysis of the battlefield situation and spatio-temporal data model in a sea battlefield has great significance for the commander to perceive the battlefield situation and to make the right decisions. Based on the existing spatio-temporal data model, the present paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of sea battlefield data, and chooses the object-oriented spatio-temporal data model to modify it; at the same time this paper introduces sea battlefield space-time algebra system to define various data types formally, which lays the foundation for the establishment of the sea battlefield spatio-temporal data model.

scholarly journals SPACE-TIME TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE UPPER XINGU AND UPPER RIO NEGRO

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-724
Author(s):  
Geraldo Andrello ◽  
Antonio Guerreiro ◽  
Stephen Hugh-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Esoteric Knowledge ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Time Transformations

Abstract The multi-ethnic and multilingual complexes of the Upper Rio Negro and the Upper Xingu share common aspects that frequently emerge in ethnographies, including notions of descent, hierarchical social organization and ritual activities, as well as a preference for forms of exogamy and the unequal distribution of productive and ritual specialties and esoteric knowledge. In this article we investigate how the people of both regions conceive of their humanity and that of their neighbours as variations on a shared form, since in both regions ritual processes for negotiating positions and prerogatives seems to take the place of the latent state of warfare typical of the social life of other Amazonian peoples. In this article we will synthesize, for each region, the spatio-temporal processes that underscore the eminently variable constitution of collectivities, seeking, in conclusion, to isolate those elements that the two regions have in common.

scholarly journals Space-Time Cube and Mixed Reality – New Approaches to Support Understanding Historical Landscape Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mathias Jahnke ◽  
Edyta P. Bogucka ◽  
Maria Turchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Microsoft Hololens

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Mixed reality is a rather new technology but came to its nowadays success through the availability of devices like Microsoft HoloLens which easily support the users and developers to use such devices. Therefore, visualization specialists like cartographers paid attention due to interaction possibilities such devices provide. In particular, to utilize the huge amount of opportunities such device gave. The applicability within the cartographic domain needs to be further investigated.</p><p>The main goal of this contribution is to evaluate the applicability of a mixed reality device in the domain of spatio-temporal representations on the example of the space-time cube to show cultural landscape changes. The hologram of the space-time cube provides the changes of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and their surrounding elements. The hologram therefore incorporated the different buildings of the castle, space-time prisms and space-time links to connect building elements over the years. The visual variables colour hue, colour value and transparency are mainly used to feature distinguishable space-time prisms and to show the space-time links. Different colour schemes are developed which features the characteristics of a mixed reality device. The possibilities of input actions are ranging from gaze/head movement, to gesture and voice.</p><p>The usability evaluation of the mixed reality hologram showed the overall comfort of interactions, perception of the visual components of the space-time cube and determines advantageous features and limitations of the technology. Most of the found limitations are connected to current devices, like e.g. resolution or field of view. An important aspect which came out is, that the experience the user has which such devices/technology plays an important role in successfully use and knowledge discovery from such applications.</p>

scholarly journals FDTD Computation of Space/Time Integrated Electromagnetic Lagrangian: New Insights on Mutually Coupled Wide-band Antenna Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdeep Sarkar ◽  
Yahia Antar
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Mimo Antennas ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In this paper, we develop a formalism based on either spatially or temporally integrated electromagnetic (EM) Lagrangian, which provides new insights about the near-field reactive energy around generic antennas for arbitrary spatio-temporal excitation signals. Using electric and magnetic fields calculated via FDTD technique and interpolation routines, we compute and plot the normalized values of space/time integrated EM Lagrangian around antennas. While the time-integration of EM Lagrangian sheds light onto the spatial distribution of inductive/capacitive reactive energy, time-variation of spatially integrated EM Lagrangian can help in design of ultra-wideband (UWB) MIMO antennas with low mutual coupling. The EM Lagrangian approach can assist in design of energy harvesting and wireless power transfer systems, as well as for electromagnetic interference mitigation applications.

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