scholarly journals Modelling youth pregnancy in continental Portugal through geographically weighted regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João David ◽  
Pedro Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Youth pregnancy, a global public health problem with important social, educational and economic impact, has mostly been studied in the least developed countries. However, this condition also affects the industrialized countries. This article presents a youth pregnancy study at the municipality level in continental Portugal based on geographically weighted regression. The results indicate that youth pregnancy rates can be explained by several variables: i) proportion (%) of social security beneficiaries; ii) number of households without amenities; iii) the rate of those prematurely leaving school; iv) the unemployment rates of youths and females, ceteris paribus. In addition, it was found that the beneficiaries of social security had a higher impact on youth pregnancy in the southern part of the country, and in the Centre too; that households without amenities had a higher impact along the central coast and in the South; that rates of those leaving school prematurely had a higher influence in the North and the Interior than in the rest of the country; and that youth and female unemployment rates were more widespread in the Centre, particularly along the coast. Overall, the model identified a strong association of explanatory variables with youth pregnancy rates in the country as a whole, except in the Porto metropolitan area. These findings may help health planners to define policies to mitigate this important social problem.

Space Matters. The Group Threat Hypothesis Revisited with Geographically Weighted Regression. The Case of the NPD 2009 Electoral Success

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Teney
Keyword(s):  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Group Threat ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
New Research

SummaryA geographically weighted regression approach is used to assess the association of the electoral success of the NPD, an extreme right-wing political party, during the 2009 German federal election with levels of and changes in immigrant and unemployment rates. The results do not support the group threat hypothesis: the immigrant rate remains non-significant in large areas of West Germany while it shows a negative and significant relationship with NPD electoral success in most localities in East Germany as well as in Northern Bavaria. Instead, findings tend to confirm the contact hypothesis: a higher percentage of immigrants within an electoral district seems to lead to larger interethnic contact opportunities and thus to a lower proportion of votes for the NPD. The largest significant positive association of unemployment rate with NPD electoral results is observed with respect to localities that are situated around the former border between East and West Germany. The large regional variations in the effects of immigrant and unemployment rates point to different mechanisms which are at stake in the association of populist radical right success with unemployment and immigrant rates. These findings illustrate the importance of spatial variability and make the case for a broader new research agenda dedicated to exploring the mechanisms underlying spatial nonstationarity.

Ventricular arrhythmias in seniors with heart failure: present dilemmas and therapeutic considerations: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuoyo O Mene-Afejuku ◽  
Abayomi O Bamgboje ◽  
Modele O Ogunniyi ◽  
Ola Akinboboye ◽  
Uzoma N Ibebuogu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Device Therapy ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Usa

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem which affects over 23 million people worldwide. The prevalence of HF is higher among seniors in the USA and other developed countries. Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) account for 50% of deaths among patients with HF. We aim to elucidate on the factors associated with VAs among seniors with HF, as well as therapies that may improve outcomes. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library databases, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched using specific key words. The reference lists of relevant articles were searched for additional studies related to HF and VAs among seniors as well as associated outcomes. Results: The prevalence of VAs increases with worsening HF. 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram may be useful in risk stratifying patients for device therapy if they do not meet the criterion of low ventricular ejection fraction. Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) are superior to anti-arrhythmic drugs in reducing mortality in patients with HF. Guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) together with device therapy to reduce symptoms may be required. In general, the proportion of seniors on GDMT is low. A combination of ICDs and cardiac resynchronization therapy may improve outcomes in select patients. Conclusion: Seniors with HF and VAs have a high mortality even with the use device therapy and GDMT. The holistic effect of device therapy on outcomes among seniors with HF is equivocal. More studies focused on seniors with advanced HF as well as therapeutic options is therefore required.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN PAGI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA MAHASISWA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018
Author(s):  
Lilis Banowati ◽  
Jongga Adiyaksa
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global di negara berkembang maupun negara maju dengan konsekuensi yang besar bagi kesehatan manusia serta pembangunan nasional dan ekonomi. Anemia pada remaja akibat  kurang gizi dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan, pertumbuhan, dan sistem imun. Penyebab utama anemia gizi ialah konsumsi zat besi yang tidak cukup, absorbsi zat besi yang rendah, dan pola makan yang sebagian besar terdiri dari nasi dan menu yang kurang beraneka ragam. Kebiasaan makan pagi termasuk dalam salah satu dari 13 pesan dasar gizi seimbang. Bagi mahasiswa/remaja, makan pagi dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar dan memudahkan menyerap pelajaran yang akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar. Makan pagi juga sangat berperan terhadap pemenuhan gizi seimbang pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan makan pagi dengan kejadian anemia pada mahasiswa program studi D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observational dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya dengan jumlah 122 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan  teknik  random  sampling  yaitu   sejumlah  35 orang.Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa dari 35 mahasiswa, 29 mahasiswa memiliki kebiasaan makan pagi 29 mahasiswa (83%) yang tidak anemia, jarang sarapan pagi yaitu 1 mahasiswa (2,8%) dan yang tidak pernah sarapan yaitu 5 mahasiswa. Nilai pValue dari uji Chi square yaitu 0,125 (P<0,05). Sehingga hasilnya yaitu ada hubungan kebiasaan sarapan pagi dengan kejadian anemia pada mahasiswaKata kunci: kebiasaan makan pagi, anemia, mahasiswa ABSTRACTAnemia is a global public health problem in both developing and developed countries with great consequences for human health as well as national and economic development. Anemia in adolescents due to malnutrition can adversely affect health, growth, and the immune system. The main causes of nutritional anemia are insufficient intake of iron, low iron absorption, and a diet consisting mostly of rice and a less varied menu. Breakfast habits are included in one of 13 basic messages of balanced nutrition. For students, breakfast can increase the concentration of learning and make it easier to absorb lessons that will improve learning achievement. Breakfast also greatly contribute to the fulfillment of balanced nutrition in children. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between morning eating habits with the incidence of anemia in the students of study program D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya.This research is an observational research using cross-sectional design. The population in this study is a student of Study Program D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya with the number of 122 people. Sampling technique using random sampling technique that is a number of 35 people.The result of the research shows that from 35 students, 29 students have breakfast habit of 29 students (83%) who are not anemic, rarely breakfast that is 1 student (2.8%) and who never breakfast is 5 students. The pValue value of Chi square test is 0,125 (P <0,05). So the result is a relationship between breakfast habits with the incidence of anemia in studentsKeywords: breakfast habits, anemia, students

scholarly journals Efficacy of once a week versus daily supplementation of 200 mg of ferrous sulphate for control of anaemia in school going menstruating adolescent girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3123
Author(s):  
Sangeeta A. Moreshwar ◽  
Vijaya A. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Daily Group ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Anaemia is one of the most common global public health problem among adolescents affecting developing and developed countries with major consequences for health as well as socio-economic development. India accounts for high prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls. The objective of the study was to find the efficacy of once a week vs. daily oral iron supplementation of 200 mg of ferrous sulphate, in terms of increase in haemoglobin levels, in mild and moderate anaemic menstruating adolescent girls.Methods: Total 588 menstruating adolescent girls studying in selected eight schools of Handignur PHC were included in the study. Structured questionnaire was administered. Haemoglobin estimation was done at baseline, one, two and three months of iron supplementation. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version. Intention to treat analysis was carried out.Results: Prevalence of anaemia in menstruating adolescent girls was 94.6% (95% CI 92.83 to 96.37). There has been statistically significant increase in mean haemoglobin in daily at the end of two and three months of supplementation (p<0.001). At the end of three months of iron supplementation haemoglobin values became normal at 75th percentile in daily group and at 90th percentile in weekly group.Conclusions: The present study concludes that daily iron supplementation results in much higher levels of haemoglobin at the end of three months when compared with once a week supplementation. All the adolescent girls need iron supplementation-daily for anaemic and once a week for non-anaemic girls.

scholarly journals The efficacy of a diabetic educational program and predictors of compliance of diabetes mellitus patient’s

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0046
Author(s):  
Kelly Stéfani ◽  
Vinicius Borges ◽  
Aldo Barbachan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Charcot Arthropathy ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Diabetes mellitus has become a global public health problem. Not only has its incidence remained high in developed countries such as Japan and the United States, but, also, the number of cases has been growing alarmingly in developing countries such as Brazil. The concept of detection and management of diabetes mellitus in primary care centers is widely practiced in Brazil by the general physician. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of our educational diabetics program for patients with diabetes mellitus and to determine the predictors of compliance. Since our patient orientation protocols and the insensitive footwear we provide reduce our hospital admission costs. Methods: A prospective study (2005-2017) was performed in a quaternary hospital where patients with diabetes were referred to the outpatient clinic of the diabetic foot group. The epidemiological profile of these patients under treatment in a specialized multidisciplinary outpatient unit was evaluated. A specific protocol included notes on the age, body mass index, length of disease, use of insulin, degree of sensation as evaluated by the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, deformity in feet, palpation of peripheral pulses, cigarette smoking, and previous operative procedure in foot an ankle.The same specialist orthopedic doctors in foot and ankle completed the protocol and performed the specific physical examination (reports were made on deformities regarded as risky for the incursion of ulcers such as plantar callosities, alterations of the hallux and lesser toes, loss of the longitudinal plantar arch, and all those related to Charcot arthropathy) and performed the same a guidelines for foot care. Results: Out of the 578 diabetic patients, the mean age of was 67 years, 69% being of the female gender. There was 53% made use of insulin, the time of disease was 14 years, and 85% patients were obese. Evaluation of protective sensibility showed that 68% were significantly decreased (from the 4.0 g monofilament). The ulcers was found in 64 patients, 57% had degree 1 in the Wagner classification, and 63% was affected in the forefoot. Charcot neuroarthropathy was diagnosed in 54 patients, 52% had the phase 3 in the Eichenholz classification, and 61% was affected in the midfoot. Fifty-three patients had amputations at the time of their first appointment, 66% on toes. 127 patients required surgery resulted from clinical complications: ulcers, osteomyelitis, and Charcot arthropathy. Conclusion: The costs related to the disease increase greatly with the appearance of the complications, especially if there is need of hospitalization and surgical treatment. The prevention of injuries, with adequate glycemic control and supply of protective shoes is essential.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Steffi Veientlena ◽  
Prabu P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL LESIONS IN ANEMIA WITH AND WITHOUT GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS:-PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shantaram Dattatray Gulve ◽  
Mandar Doiphode ◽  
Kalpesh Patil
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries at all ages. Iron deficiency is common cause of anemia. It is either poor intake or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. Goal of this study is to identify the prevalence of upper GI lesions, identified by OGDscopy in patients in anemia with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: In this prospective study we analysed data of 100 patients who underwent OGDscopy procedure in tertiary care centre. On OGDscopy study 33% had normal GIT and 67% had GI lesions majority were erosive gastritis, erosive oesophagitis gastric and duodehal ulcers, other lesions like congestive gastropathy reflux oesophagitis and malignant lesions like carcinora of stomach and carcinora of oesophagus. Conclusion: OGDscopy procedure is essential in evaluating lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract in anemia for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF CYNMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD AND DIGITAL HAEMOMETER IN MEASURING HAEMOGLOBIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Rajalakshmy. P ◽  
Dr. Lokeshmaran. A
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem which affects both the developing and the developed countries , World-wide, more individuals have iron-deficiency anemia than any other health problem . The present study is to find the prevalence of anemia and to compare the effectiveness of two haemoglobin meter, Cynmethemoglobin and Digital Haemometer (Mission). Methods: For this 60 public people from Puducherry Population, were their blood pressure, lifestyle practise was analysed, haemoglobin was tested in both Cynmethemoglobin Method and Digital Haemometer for all 60 population. Venous blood was collected to test Cynmethemoglobin method and capillary blood was taken to test in Digital Haemometer and the effectiveness was compared. Results: In average 60 adult samples the median haemoglobin concentration using the Digital Haemometer was 12.8 g/dl and 12.0  g/dl with Cynmethemoglobin method. The prevalence of anemia was slightly higher when using Cynmethemoglobin method 73.3% (44) were 58.3 % (35) was seen in Digital Heamometer.  Haemoglobin was analysed in both the method were the prevalence anemia the cynmethemoglobin method has higher prevalence of anaemia than the Digital haemometer method.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors and Awareness about HCV Infection in Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Care Center in North India

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Dr. Renu Gupta ◽  
Dr. Rashmi Kumari ◽  
Dr. Shaily Agarwal ◽  
Dr. Kiran Pandey ◽  
Dr. Neena Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Female Population

Among the viral infections affecting the liver in pregnancy, Hepatitis C though uncommon now is recognized to be a serious global public health problem affecting 170 million people worldwide I .e. 3% of the population [1]. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in pregnant women in developed countries ranges from 0.14 to 4.4%, whereas the seroprevalence in Indian pregnant female population is 1.03% [2,3,4].Following the decreasing transmission of HCV by blood -transfusion, intravenous drug use has now become the primary route of new HCV infections in adults while mother to child transmission (MTCT) is the major route of new infections in young children in the developed as well as in developing countries.[5]Approximately 7–8% of hepatitis C virus-positive women transmit this virus to their offspring [6]mainly because they are ignorant about this infection and unaware of their status. The natural course of hepatitis C is a progression from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis, which occurs in 55%-85 % of patients.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Conditions of Angolan Patients with New Pathologies After Hemodialise Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio ◽  
◽  
Maite Zeferino Gamba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Impact

Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting more than 750 million people worldwide, the magnitude and impact of kidney disease are better defined in developed countries, clinical evidence suggests that in developing countries like Angola, the impact may be greater. Objective: To verify the sociodemographic conditions of Angolan patients with new pathologies after hemodialysis treatment. Method: It was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative approach, in a population consisted of 100 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Hemodialysis Pluribus Africa Center, index of confidence was 90% and a sample margin of error of 6.8%. Results: The results of the study showed that of the 100 patients followed, 55% (55/100) acquired new pathologies, including HIV 28% (15/55), lupus erythematosus 25% (14/55), Diabetes 18% (10/55), Tuberculosis 11% (6/55), Hepatitis C 9% (5/55), Hepatitis B 5% (3/55) and Osteoporosis 4% (2/55). The incidence of new pathologies in illiterate was 94% (16/17), with pre-school level 41% (11/27), with elementary school 11/26 (42%), with medium level 44% (8/18) and university level 75% (9/12). New pathologies in autonomous was 57% (27/47), in unemployed was 47% (17/36), in employees was 65% (11/17). The incidence of new pathologies was 42% (18/43) in patients with arterial hypertension, in malaria 59% (16/27), in diabetes mellitus it was 76% (19/25), in other diseases it was 40% (2/5). New pathologies in patients on hemodialysis for less than 6 years was 48% (39/81), in treatment between 6 and 10 years was 75% (9/12), in treatment between 11 and 15 years was 100% (7/7). Conclusions: These factors can contribute to the reduction of life expectancy of hemodialysis patients and therefore it is necessary to carry out more studies on the factors that are associated with this, to allow the creation of more effective health policies to reduce the suffering of these patients.

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