scholarly journals Effects of socio-economic and environmental factors on the spatial heterogeneity of dengue fever investigated at a fine scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubing Qu ◽  
Xun Shi ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Rendong Li ◽  
Liang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Guangzhou City

The spatial pattern of dengue fever cases is the result of complex interactions between the virus, the host and the vector, which may be affected by environmental conditions. The largest outbreak of dengue fever in Guangzhou city, China occurred in 2014 with case numbers 2.7 times the number of cumulative cases since 1978 and a significantly non-random spatial distribution. Selecting Guangzhou City as the study area, we used scan statistics to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of dengue fever and a generalized additive model to evaluate and examine the effects of socio-economic and environmental factors on spatial heterogeneity at a fine scale. The study found that the spatial distribution of dengue fever is highly heterogeneous and various factors differ in relative importance. The junction of the central districts of Guangzhou is a high-risk area with the urban village and urban-rural fringe zone formed by urbanization as important regional factors. The low gross domestic product per capita, the high population density, the high road density were perceived as risk factors. The Asian subtropical coastal area together with the socioeconomic and environmental factors were found to be the key drivers at the fine scale explaining the high spatial heterogeneity of dengue fever in Guangzhou City.

Spatial Distribution of Scorpion Sting in a High-Risk Area of Southern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Shahi ◽  
Seyed Hamid Moosavy ◽  
Ahamd Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Shahrokh Navidpour ◽  
Shahram Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Scorpion Sting ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Southern Iran

scholarly journals Assessment of Vulnerability for Land Degradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Sodgerel Sodoo Purevee
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Data Tables

Many scientists agreed that land degradation is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions particularly drought, and human activities that overgrazing in Mongolia. Geographic information system (GIS) have an important role in linkage and analysis of all aspects, in particular for determine land degradation risk. This paper describes four risk performance indicators and their attribute data tables of air temperature, rainfall, carrying capacity, road density were compiled into the digital geomorphologic map units in a geographic information system. As result this study, the very high-risk area was present in 0,03% and moderate hazardous area was 52,6 %, low risk area was 47.3%.

scholarly journals Dwarf-shrubs dynamics in Mediterranean high mountain ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Toma ◽  
Marta Carboni ◽  
Manuele Bazzichetto ◽  
Marco Malavasi ◽  
Maurizio Cutini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Shrub Encroachment ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Dwarf Shrubs ◽  
The Past

AbstractQuestionVegetation in the alpine and treeline ecotone faces changes in both climate and land use. Shrub encroachment is considered an effect of these changes, but it’s still unclear how this effect is mediated by environmental heterogeneity. Our goal is to determine which environmental factors shape the fine-scale spatial distribution and temporal trends of alpine dwarf shrub.LocationThree sites in the Central Apennine, Italy.MethodsWe used a comprehensive set of environmental factors across a broad temporal span to model, at a fine-scale, both (1) the current spatial distribution and (2) the change in shrub cover over the past 60 years.ResultsOur results show that dwarf shrubs have generally increased in our study sites over the past 60 years, yet their distribution is strongly shaped by the joint influence of the fine-scale topography, productivity, land use and micro-climate. In particular, shrubs have been locally favored in areas with harsher alpine environmental constraints and stronger resource limitation. Instead, contrary to expectations, at this fine scale, warmer temperatures and the decline in grazing have not favored shrub encroachment.ConclusionDwarf shrubs appear as a stress-tolerant, pioneer vegetation that is currently distributed mainly over areas that are otherwise sparsely vegetated. It appears that shrubs exhibit poor competitive ability to invade grasslands and, though they have increased overall, they remain restricted to the least productive areas. Fine-scale environmental heterogeneity may strongly influence future responses of dwarf shrubs in changing alpine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity ofVibriospp. in Sediments of Chinese Marginal Seas

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Jiwen Liu ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Jinchang Liang ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Marginal Seas ◽  
Spatial Range ◽  
Decay Pattern ◽  
Chinese Marginal Seas

ABSTRACTVibriospp. are ubiquitous marine bacteria with high metabolism flexibility and genome plasticity. Previous studies have revealed the dynamics of planktonic vibrios in relation to environmental forces, such as temperature and salinity. However, little is known aboutVibrioecology in benthic environments. Here, we elucidate the abundance, diversity, and spatial distribution ofVibriospp. in sediments of the Chinese marginal seas, with a wide spatial range from north to south covering the Yellow Sea (YS), East China Sea (ECS), and South China Sea (SCS). Quantitative analysis showed thatVibriospp. were most abundant in the SCS (∼9.04 × 105copies/g) compared to the YS (∼1.00 × 105copies/g) and ECS (∼8.86 × 105copies/g).Vibriocommunity compositions derived from Illumina sequencing ofVibrio-specific 16S rRNA genes varied significantly between sampling areas, which was reflected by a strong distance-decay pattern. The spatial distribution ofVibriowas governed by a joint effect of spatial and environmental factors (especially temperature, salinity, and SiO32−), and their respective pure effects explained only a small fraction of the community variation. Moreover, we identified the most prominent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were partitioned in these sea areas. WhereasVibrionaceaeOTU20 andPhotobacterium lipolyticumwere prevalent in the YS,Vibrio gigantisandPhotobacterium piscicola, andP. piscicola,Photobacterium lutimaris, andPhotobacterium alginatilyticumwere prevalent in the ECS and SCS, respectively. Our study demonstrated clear spatial heterogeneity ofVibriospp. in sediments of the Chinese marginal seas, laying a foundation for fully understanding the marineVibrioecology and the ecological roles of the species.IMPORTANCEVibriois an important component of natural marine microbial populations in terms of pathogenicity and roles in carbon cycling. Compared to the marine pelagic environment, our knowledge of the diversity and distribution pattern ofVibriospp. in sediment is limited. Here, we show higherVibrioabundance in Chinese marginal seas than in other studied sediments. There was a clear spatial differentiation ofVibrioabundance and community composition in different sea areas. The benthicVibriocommunity displayed a strong distance-decay pattern across a wide spatial range, which was formed under the combined effects of spatial and environmental factors. These results provide deep insights into the ecological dynamics ofVibrioand its environmental controls, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of the marineVibrioecology.

scholarly journals Maya Index Analysis of Dengue Fever Vector in East Metro Sub-District Lampung Province Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Betara Sona ◽  
Emantis Rosa ◽  
M. Kanedi ◽  
Tugiyono Tugiyono
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Breeding Place

Dengue fever was one of the dangerous diseases due to it might cause death in a short time. It transmitted through its vectors, namely, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Maya index is an indicator that used to identify a high-risk area or not as a breeding ground for Aedes sp. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of landfill which has the potential as a breeding ground for mosquitoes, to find out the larvae found in various landfill sites, and to know the Maya index status in Metro Timur Subdistrict which was carried out in November-December 2017. This research conducted by a direct survey of 100 residents' houses in East Metro. The results indicated that the type of controlled water reservoir that had the most potential as a breeding place for mosquitoes was a bathtub, while the type of water reservoir that was not controlled which had the potential as a place for mosquito breeding was a fish pond usage. There were 2 types of larvae found, namely, Aedes aegypti larvae with a percentage of 47.7% and Aedes albopictus larvae with a percentage of 52.3%. The Maya index status detected there, was a medium category, which obtained from the BRI combination and HRI category. Besides, it did not mean that the area has been free from dengue cases. The role of the community is still very much needed in eradicating landfills which has the potential as a breeding place for dengue mosquitoes vector.

Periodic monitoring of vampire bats and rabies: a new framework for animal restoration projects in the Neotropics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Daniel G. Streicker ◽  
Mauro Galetti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Vampire Bats

Nowadays, restoration project might lead to increased public engagement and enthusiasm for biodiversity and is receiving increased media attention in major newspapers, TED talks and the scientific literature. However, empirical research on restoration project is rare, fragmented, and geographically biased and long-term studies that monitor indirect and unexpected effects are needed to support future management decisions especially in the Neotropical area. Changes in animal population dynamics and community composition following species (re)introduction may have unanticipated consequences for a variety of downstream ecosystem processes, including food web structure, predator-prey systems and infectious disease transmission. Recently, an unprecedented study in Brazil showed changes in vampire bat feeding following a rewilding project and further transformed the land-bridge island into a high-risk area for rabies transmission. Due the lessons learned from ongoing project, we present a novel approach on how to anticipate, monitor, and mitigate the vampire bats and rabies in rewilding projects. We pinpoint a series of precautions and the need for long-term monitoring of vampire bats and rabies responses to rewilding projects and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary teams of scientist and managers focusing on prevention educational program of rabies risk transmitted by bats. In addition, monitoring the relative abundance of vampire bats, considering reproductive control by sterilization and oral vaccines that autonomously transfer among bats would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks. The rewilding assessment framework presented here responds to calls to better integrate the science and practice of rewilding and also could be used for long-term studying of bat-transmitted pathogen in the Neotropical area as the region is considered a geographic hotspots of “missing bat zoonoses”.

74 Improving Handover Between Doctors and Nurses on An Elderly Care Ward

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i12-i42
Author(s):  
K Suseeharan ◽  
T Vedutla
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Care Ward ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Abstract Background The Royal College of Physician guidelines (2011) identified handover as a “high risk step” in patient care, especially in recent times within the NHS where shift patterns lead to more disjointed care with a high reliance on effective handover by all staff members. Introduction At Cannock Chase hospital, Fairoak ward is an elderly care rehabilitation ward where there is a large multi-disciplinary team. While working on the ward as doctors we noticed that handover between the MDT was poor. Anecdotal evidence from both doctors and nurses felt that this was a high risk area in need of improvement. Aim to improve handover between doctors and nurses on this elderly care ward. Method To measure the quality of current handover practice we did a questionnaire. A total of 12 questionnaires were completed which showed that 92% of staff felt that handover on the ward was very poor and 50% preferred both written and verbal handover. We measured the number of tasks verbally handed over between doctors and nurses over 3 days. On average 65% of the tasks were completed. We then made the below interventions and re-audited to see if there was any improvement. Interventions over 3 week period: Results Questionnaire: Measuring task completion after interventions; Conclusion This project has made a positive change qualitatively and quantitatively to the ward handover practice. Staff satisfaction regarding handover has improved and the number of “handed over” tasks completed daily has significantly improved. The written handover sheet had poor utilisation by staff but in 4 months we are going to re-audit and trial the handover sheet again to further improve service delivery. We hope this improvement will have a positive impact on patient care on this elderly care ward.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among adults aged 15–59 in Ethiopia; using mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression model

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Shalmeno Tusa ◽  
Sewnet Adem Kebede ◽  
Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Determinant Factors

Abstract Background Anemia is a global public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Assessing the geographic distributions and determinant factors is a key and crucial step in designing targeted prevention and intervention programmes to address anemia. Thus, the current study is aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia in Ethiopia among adults aged 15–59. Methods A secondary data analysis was done based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Total weighted samples of 29,140 adults were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 14; ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.6 software. Spatial autocorrelation was checked using Global Moran’s index (Moran’s I). Hotspot analysis was made using Gettis-OrdGi*statistics. Additionally, spatial scan statistics were applied to identify significant primary and secondary cluster of anemia. Mixed effect ordinal logistics were fitted to determine factors associated with the level of anemia. Result The spatial distribution of anemia in Ethiopia among adults age 15–59 was found to be clustered (Global Moran’s I = 0.81, p value <  0.0001). In the multivariable mixed-effectordinal regression analysis; Females [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.66], Never married [AOR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96], highly educated [AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.84], rural residents [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.81], rich wealth status [AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.86] and underweight [AOR = 1.15; 1.06, 1.24] were significant predictors of anemia among adults. Conclusions A significant clustering of anemia among adults aged 15–59 were found in Ethiopia and the significant hotspot areas with high cluster anemia were identified in Somalia, Afar, Gambella, Dire Dewa and Harari regions. Besides, sex, marital status, educational level, place of residence, region, wealth index and BMI were significant predictors of anemia. Therefore, effective public health intervention and nutritional education should be designed for the identified hotspot areas and risk groups in order to decrease the incidence of anemia.

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