scholarly journals Haemodialysis services in the northeastern region of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kiani ◽  
Nasser Bagheri ◽  
Ahmad Tara ◽  
Benyamin Hoseini ◽  
Mahmoud Tara
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Actual Travel Time

Chronic kidney disease is growing and the current estimated global prevalence exceeds 13%. As the use of haemodialysis machines for patients with end stage renal disease increases survival considerably, it is critical to plan correctly for the allocation of these machines. This study aimed to develop a geographical information systems (GIS)-based approach to predict the need for this service in the northeastern region of Iran taking into account where patients live and where haemodialysis is the most needed and identifying areas with poor access to haemodialysis centres. Patients were interviewed to obtain self-reported actual travel time and the inverse distance-weighting algorithm was used to determine access in each area. The prediction is based on the domestic growth rate for haemodialysis services and the estimated active hours of machine use for the next five years. We estimate that six new haemodialysis machines are required in northeastern Iran at the present time with 50 machines required over the next five years. Ashkhane City was identified to have the least access to haemodialysis centres in the study area. Our GIS-based model can be used to investigate not only the need for new haemodialysis machines but also to examine geographic disparities in the allocation of haemodialysis centres and to identify areas most in need of this service. It is important that policymakers consider both spatial and non-spatial dimensions of access to enable better allocation of haemodialysis services ensuring they are targeted to reach those in need.

Abstract Machine – Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for literary and cultural studies: ‘Mapping Kavanagh’

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Travis
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Abstract Machine ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Gis Software

Drawing upon previous theoretical and practical work in historical and qualitative applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), this paper, in Giles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's terminology, conceptualizes GIS as ‘an abstract machine’ which plays a ‘piloting role’ which does not ‘function to represent’ something real, but rather ‘constructs a real which is yet to come.’ To illustrate this digital humanities mapping methodology, the essay examines Irish writer Patrick Kavanagh's novel The Green Fool (1938) and epic poem The Great Hunger (1946) and their respective contrasting topophilic and topophobic renderings of landscape, identity and sense of place under the lens M.M. Bakhtin's ‘Historical Poetics’ (chronotope) to illuminate GIS's ability to engage in spatio-discursive visualization and analysis. The conceptualizations and practices discussed in this paper reconsider GIS software/hardware/techniques as a means to engage subjects of concern to literary and cultural studies commensurate with the recent strong interest in the geographical and spatial dimensions of these cognate areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mapping Techniques for Mountain Precipitation: A Case Study of Alpine Region, Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3213-3217
Author(s):  
A. N. Laghari ◽  
G. D. Walasai ◽  
D. K. Bangwar ◽  
A. H. Memon ◽  
A. H. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Inverse Distance

Truly representative precipitation map generation of mountain regions is a difficult task. Due to poor gauge representativity, complex topography and uneven density factors make the generation of representative precipitation maps a very difficult task. To generate representative precipitation maps, this study focused on analyzing four different mapping techniques: ordinary kriging, spline technique (SP), inverse distance weighting (IDW) and regression kriging (RK). The generated maps are assessed through cross-validation statistics, spatial cross-consistency test and by water balance approach. The largest prediction error is produced by techniques missing information on co-variables. The ME and RMSE values show that IDW and SP are the most biased techniques. The RK technique produced the best model results with 1.38mm and 72.36mm ME and RMSE values respectively. The comparative analysis proves that RK model can produce reasonably accurate values at poorly gauged areas, where geographical information compensated the poor availability of local data.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO E ANÁLISE ESPACIAL EM DADOS DE pH, EM BOTUCATU-SP

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Luciana Corpas Bucene ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighting ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Interpolation ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Inverse Distance

COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO E ANÁLISE ESPACIAL EM DADOS DE pH, EM BOTUCATU-SP1 Luciana Corpas BuceneFaculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. CP 6011, CEP 13083-970. E-mail: [email protected]élia Regina Lopes ZimbackDepartamento de Recursos Naturais ,Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO  O termo Modelo Numérico do Terreno (MNT) é utilizado para denotar a representação quantitativa de uma grandeza que varia continuamente no espaço. Podem ser utilizados para modelar informações relativas às propriedades do solo, como pH do solo. Nesse sentido, a análise espacial oferece uma complexa quantidade de ferramentas que fornecem estimativas para locais não amostrados, servindo-se de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG’s). Algumas técnicas de interpolação de dados são comumente utilizadas para interpolação de dados pontuais para locais não amostrados. Neste trabalho, comparou-se dois métodos de interpolação de dados, através de técnicas de geoestatísticas, avaliando o método da Krigagem e o método do Quadrado do Inverso da Distância, utilizando-se do interpolador Interpol, ambos disponíveis no SIG IDRISI, para a obtenção do Modelo Numérico do Terreno. Os resultados indicam que o método pela Krigagem é mais acentuado por representar uma superfície contínua e com boa distribuição, numa estrutura de semivariância que permitiu um ajuste cuja correlação entre valores observados e preditos foi de 0.9001, sugerindo uma possibilidade de estimar valores não amostrados de forma confiável.  UNITERMOS: Interpolação de dados, geoestatística, quadrado do inverso da distância e Krigagem.  BUCENE, L. C., ZIMBACK, C. R. L. COMPARISON OF INTERPOLATION AND SPACIAL ANALYSIS METHOD IN PH SOIL DATA, IN BOTUCATU-SP  2 ABSTRACT  The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) term has been used for a greatness quantitative representation which varies continuously in the space. It can be used for information modeling related to soil properties such as pH soil . Thus, spatial analysis offers a complex number of tools which provide estimates for non-sampled places through Geographical Information System (GIS). Some data interpolation techniques have been usually used for punctual data in non-sampled places. In this work two data interpolation methods have been compared using geostatistics techniques in order to evaluate the Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods. The Interpol interpolator has been used to have the Digital Elevation Model, both available at SIG IDRISI. The results showed that the Kriging method is more accentuated due to a continuous surface representation and good distribution. The 0.9001 correlation between estimated and observed data has been obtained suggesting a reliable data estimating possibility for non-sampled values.  KEYWORDS: Data interpolation, geostatistics, inverse distance weighting and Kriging.

Serum Thiamine Values in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients under Maintenance Hemodialysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Ubukata ◽  
Nobuyuki Amemiya ◽  
Kosaku Nitta ◽  
Takashi Takei
Keyword(s):  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Risk Index ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Abstract. Objective: Hemodialysis patients are prone to malnutrition because of diet or many uremic complications. The objective of this study is to determine whether thiamine deficiency is associated with regular dialysis patients. Methods: To determine whether thiamine deficiency is associated with regular dialysis patients, we measured thiamine in 100 patients undergoing consecutive dialysis. Results: Average thiamine levels were not low in both pre-hemodialysis (50.1 ± 75.9 ng/mL; normal range 24 - 66 ng/mL) and post-hemodialysis (56.4 ± 61.7 ng/mL). In 18 patients, post-hemodialysis levels of thiamine were lower than pre-hemodialysis levels. We divided the patients into two groups, the decrease (Δthiamine/pre thiamine < 0; - 0.13 ± 0.11) group (n = 18) and the increase (Δthiamine/pre thiamine> 0; 0.32 ± 0.21)) group (n = 82). However, there was no significance between the two groups in Kt/V or type of dialyzer. Patients were dichotomized according to median serum thiamine level in pre-hemodialysis into a high-thiamine group (≥ 35.5 ng/mL) and a low-thiamine group (< 35.4 ng/mL), and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. The low-thiamine value group (< 35.4 ng/ml; 26.8 ± 5.3 ng/ml) exhibited lower levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than the high-thiamine value group (≥ 35.4 ng/ml; 73.5 ± 102.5 ng/ml) although there was no significance in nutritional marker, Alb, geriatric nutritional risk index , protein catabolic rate and creatinine generation rate. Conclusion: In our regular dialysis patients, excluding a few patients, we did not recognize thiamine deficiency and no significant difference in thiamine value between pre and post hemodialysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document