scholarly journals Spatial analysis of incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region in the period 1995-2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cecconi ◽  
Anna Busolin ◽  
Fabio Barbone ◽  
Diego Serraino ◽  
Alessandra Chiarugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lip Cancer ◽  
Hierarchical Spatial Models ◽  
Solar Radiation Exposure ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

Incidence distribution of cutaneous melanoma depends on phenotypic characteristics of population and geographic location. In Italy, in the period 1999-2003 Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region had the second highest incidence rates for males and the third for females. We analysed melanoma and lip cancer incidence data of the FVG cancer registry for the period 1995-2005. We used Bayesian hierarchical spatial models to describe the spatial pattern by gender. We decomposed the geographical distribution of the risk in two parts: a component linked to chronic exposure and a component related to intermittent exposure. In order to model the chronic component we considered the geographical distribution of incidence cases of lip cancer, for which chronic occupational solar radiation exposure is a documented risk factor. We also analysed the distribution by site and we calculated standardised rates for body surface area. This study documents a significant gradient in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma in FVG. Highstandardisedincidence rates are present in the area of Trieste and in the coastal area. The descriptive analysis by age group and by site, showed risks associated with intermittent exposures in both genders. For the coastal area the risk is especially high for sites traditionally linked to high cumulative exposures (face and neck), especially among men. The results suggest diagnostic preventive interventions in the populations living in the area of Trieste, given the high rates observed in the young age groups.

Analysis of Breslow Tumor Thickness Distribution of Skin Melanoma in the Italian Region of Romagna, 1986–1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Stanganelli ◽  
Antonio Ascari Raccagni ◽  
Laura Baldassari ◽  
Donato Calista ◽  
Monica Serafini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Southern European Countries

Aims and Background In southern European countries, the availability of epidemiologic data on cutaneous malignant melanoma is limited. A descriptive analysis was performed on melanoma cases diagnosed in the Italian region of Romagna (population 600,000), 1986-91. Methods The main end point was the proportion of cases less than 1.5 mm thick by sex, age, and site. Results A total of 297 incident cases was evaluated. The average annual age-standardized (World) incidence rates were 6.2 (95% CI 5.2–7.2) per 100,000 females and 4.5 (95% CI 3.6–5.3) per 100,000 males. Females presented with significantly thinner melanomas than males. The proportion of cases less than 1.5 mm thick decreased significantly with increasing age in both sexes, with the most pronounced decrease (approximately from 2/3 to 1/3) being observed above 60 years for females and above 40 for males. Comparing sexes by 10-year age groups, a significant F:M advantage in thickness distribution was found only at age 40–49 and 50–59 years. Among females under 60, melanomas of the legs and those of the trunk showed no difference in thickness distribution, in both sexes, incidence appeared to increase progressively with age. No apparent elevation in incidence rates was observed in the age groups with the highest frequency of thin melanomas. Conclusions The major implication of these data is that in public education programs specific messages should be aimed at those subgroups that show the poorest levels of self-surveillance.

scholarly journals Temporal variation and geospatial clustering of dengue in Delhi, India 2015–2018

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043848
Author(s):  
Poornima Suryanath Singh ◽  
Himanshu K Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Health Administrators

ObjectivesThe study was focused on geographical mapping of dengue cases and also to identify the hotspots or high-risk areas of dengue in Delhi.DesignA retrospective spatial–temporal (ecological) study. Descriptive analysis was used to know the distribution of dengue cases by age, sex, seasons and districts of Delhi. The spatiotemporal analysis was performed using inverse distance weighting and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to know the geographical distribution and identify the hotspot areas.SettingsAll the confirmed and diagnosed dengue cases (IgM +ve or NS1 Antigen +ve ELISA) recorded by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi for the last 4 years (2015–2018) were collected with their local address. The location of all the dengue cases was geocoded using their address to prepare the spatiotemporal dengue database.ParticipantsRecord of all the dengue cases (4179) reported for treatment in the hospitals during the past 4 years were extracted and included in the study. Data were not collected directly from dengue patients.ResultsSeasonal occurrence of dengue cases (4179) shows that the cases start emerging in July, peaked in September–October and declined in December. The proportions of dengue cases were recorded high among the males 57.3% compared with females 42.6%, and differences were also recorded in all the age groups with more cases in age groups <15 and 16-30 years. Mapping of the cases reflects the spatial heterogeneity in the geographical distribution. The geomapping of cases indicates the presence of a significantly high number of cases in West, Southwest, South and Southeast districts of Delhi. High-risk areas or hotspots were also identified in this region.ConclusionDengue occurrence shows significant association with age, sex and seasons. The spatial analysis identified the high-risk areas, which can aid health administrators to take necessary action for prevention and better disease management.

scholarly journals The incidence of pneumonia in the paediatric population in Poland in light of the maps of health needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lange ◽  
Jerzy Kozielski ◽  
Kinga Bartolik ◽  
Paweł Kabicz ◽  
Tomasz Targowski
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract In Poland, no statistical data are available concerning the analysis of the incidence of pneumonia in inpatient children. The requirement for these data results mainly from the need to prepare systemic and economic solutions. Aim This study aimed to use reported data for evaluating pneumonia incidence rates among hospitalised children and other parameters in various age groups. Subject and methods A detailed analysis was performed as part of the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development co-financed by the European Social Fund. Services reported to the National Health Fund in 2014 were considered, including pneumonia incidence among hospitalised children and mortality in specific age groups. Results In 2014, a total of 68,543 children were hospitalised for pneumonia (68% of all hospitalisations for acute respiratory diseases). Within each of the analysed age groups, boys were hospitalised more frequently. Irrespective of the place of residence, infants were most commonly hospitalised. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the incidence rate of pneumonia among hospitalised children in all analysed groups depending on the province. The average length of stay was 7.29 days, with infants requiring the longest stays (7.96 days), and 1.8% of children were rehospitalised within 30 days due to recurrence of pneumonia. The most commonly coded pathogens responsible for pneumonia included Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Chlamydia spp. A total of 19 inpatient hospital deaths in the course of pneumonia were reported. Conclusions Based on our findings, it is warranted to utilize epidemiological knowledge for the planning of an appropriate level of service commissioned both in outpatient and inpatient facilities as well as for the estimation of institutional and staff needs necessary to secure these services.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of West Nile Virus Infections in Humans, Italy, 2012–2020: A Summary of Available Evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Matteo Riccò ◽  
Simona Peruzzi ◽  
Federica Balzarini
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Po River ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sex Risk

In Italy, human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection have been recorded since 2008, and seasonal outbreaks have occurred almost annually. In this study, we summarize available evidences on the epidemiology of WNV and West Nile neuro-invasive disease (WNND) in humans reported between 2012 and 2020. In total, 1145 WNV infection cases were diagnosed; of them 487 (42.5%) had WNND. A significant circulation of the pathogen was suggested by studies on blood donors, with annual incidence rates ranging from 1.353 (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.279–3.953) to 19.069 cases per 100,000 specimens (95% CI 13.494–26.174). The annual incidence rates of WNND increased during the study period from 0.047 cases per 100,000 (95% CI 0.031–0.068) in 2012, to 0.074 cases per 100,000 (95% CI 0.054–0.099) in 2020, peaking to 0.377 cases per 100,000 (95% CI 0.330–0.429) in 2018. There were 60 deaths. Cases of WNND were clustered in Northern Italy, particularly in the Po River Valley, during the months of August (56.7%) and September (27.5%). Higher risk for WNND was reported in subjects of male sex (risk ratio (RR) 1.545, 95% CI 1.392–1.673 compared to females), and in older age groups (RR 24.46, 95% CI 15.61–38.32 for 65–74 y.o.; RR 43.7, 95% CI 28.33–67.41 for subjects older than 75 years), while main effectors were identified in average air temperatures (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.3219, 95% CI 1.0053–1.7383), population density (IRR 1.0004, 95% CI 1.0001–1.0008), and occurrence of cases in the nearby provinces (IRR 1.0442, 95% CI 1.0340–1.0545). In summary, an enhanced surveillance is vital for the early detection of human cases and the prompt implementation of response measures.

scholarly journals Could age increase the strength of inverse association between ultraviolet B exposure and colorectal cancer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Lakshmi Purushothaman ◽  
Raphael E. Cuomo ◽  
Cedric F. Garland ◽  
Timothy K. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Uvb Exposure

Abstract Background Vitamin D has been identified as a potential protective factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We expect to see a stronger association of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and CRC crude rates with increasing age since chronic vitamin D deficiency leads to sustained molecular changes that increase cancer risk. The DINOMIT (disjunction, initiation, natural selection, overgrowth, metastasis, involution, and transition) model postulates various stages of cancer development due to vitamin D deficiency and the associated latency period. The purpose of this study is to examine this age-dependent inverse relationship globally. Methods In this ecological study, a series of linear and polynomial regression tests were performed between country-specific UVB estimates adjusted for cloud cover and crude incidence rates of CRC for different age groups. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association between crude incidence rates of colorectal cancer and UVB estimate adjusting for urbanization, skin pigmentation, smoking, animal consumption, per capita GDP, and life expectancy. Statistical analysis was followed by geospatial visualization by producing choropleth maps. Results The inverse relationship between UVB exposure and CRC crude rates was stronger in older age groups at the country level. Quadratic curve fitting was preferred, and these models were statistically significant for all age groups. The inverse association between crude incidence rates of CRC and UVB exposure was statistically significant for age groups above 45 years, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion The age-dependent inverse association between UVB exposure and incidence of colorectal cancer exhibits a greater effect size among older age groups in global analyses. Studying the effect of chronic vitamin D deficiency on colorectal cancer etiology will help in understanding the necessity for population-wide screening programs for vitamin D deficiency, especially in regions with inadequate UVB exposure. Further studies are required to assess the need for adequate public health programs such as selective supplementation and food fortification.

scholarly journals POS0774 INFLUENZA INFECTION AS A TRIGGER FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS FLARES RESULTING IN HOSPITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 641.1-641
Author(s):  
Y. B. Joo ◽  
Y. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Control Interval ◽  
The Impact

Background:Infections have been associated with a higher risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares, but the impact of influenza infection on SLE flares has not been evaluated.Objectives:We evaluated the association between influenza infection and SLE flares resulting in hospitalization.Methods:SLE flares resulting in hospitalization and influenza cases were ascertained from the Korean national healthcare insurance database (2014-2018). We used a self-controlled case series design. We defined the risk interval as the first 7 days after the influenza index date and the control interval was defined as all other times during the observation period of each year. We estimated the incidence rates of SLE flares resulting in hospitalization during the risk interval and control interval and compared them using a Poisson regression model.Results:We identified 1,624 influenza infections among the 1,455 patients with SLE. Among those, there were 98 flares in 79 patients with SLE. The incidence ratio (IR) for flares during the risk interval as compared with the control interval was 25.75 (95% confidence interval 17.63 – 37.59). This significantly increased the IRs for flares during the risk interval in both women (IR 27.65) and men (IR 15.30), all age groups (IR 17.00 – 37.84), with and without immunosuppressive agent (IR 24.29 and 28.45, respectively), and with and without prior respiratory diseases (IR 21.86 and 26.82, respectively).Conclusion:We found significant association between influenza infection and SLE flares resulting in hospitalization. Influenza infection has to be considered as a risk factor for flares in all SLE patients regardless of age, sex, medications, and comorbidities.References:[1]Kwong, J. C. et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med 2018:378;345-353.Table 1.Incidence ratios for SLE flares resulting in hospitalization after influenza infectionRisk intervalIncidence ratio95% CIDuring risk interval for 7 days / control interval25.7517.63 – 37.59Days 1-3 / control interval21.8114.71 – 32.35Days 4-7 / control interval7.563.69 – 15.47SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; CI, confidence intervalDisclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer in Young and Older Adults in Uruguay: Changes in Recent Incidence and Mortality Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8232
Author(s):  
Carina Musetti ◽  
Mariela Garau ◽  
Rafael Alonso ◽  
Marion Piñeros ◽  
Isabelle Soerjomataram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Incidence

Uruguay has the highest colorectal cancer incidence rates in Latin America. Previous studies reported a stable incidence and a slight increase in mortality among males. We aimed to assess colorectal cancer incidence (2002–2017) and mortality trends (1990–2017) by age groups and sex, using data from the National Cancer Registry. Annual percent changes (APCs) were estimated using joinpoint regression models. We included 27,561 colorectal cancer cases and 25,403 deaths. We found an increasing incidence among both males and females aged 40–49, with annual increases of 3.1% (95%CI: 1.21–5.03) and 2.1% (95%CI: 0.49–3.66), respectively, and an increasein the rate in older males (70+) of 0.60% (95%CI: 0.02–1.20) per year between 2002 and 2017. Mortality remained stable among those younger than 50, whereas it decreased for older females aged 50–69 and 70+ (APC: −0.61% (−1.07–0.14) and −0.68% (−1.02–0.34), respectively), and increased for the oldest males (70+; APC: 0.74 (0.47–1.01)). In conclusion, we found rising colorectal cancer incidence accompanied by stable mortality in young adults. Sex disparities were also found among the older adults, with a more favorable pattern for females. Exposures to dietary and lifestyle risk factors, and inequalities in access to and awareness of screening programs, are probably among the main underlying causes and deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Synanthropic triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: geographical distribution and natural Trypanosoma infection rates between 2006 and 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Araújo Silva ◽  
Ana Virgínia Matos Sá Barreto ◽  
Helker Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Cleber Galvão ◽  
Dayse Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Trypanosoma Infection ◽  
Entomological Data

INTRODUCTION: The present study shows a descriptive analysis of triatomine occurrence and its natural Trypanosoma infection rates in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2006 and 2007. METHODS: Entomological data for the species, such as specimens captured in both intra and peridomiciles and natural infection index, were obtained via domiciliary capture in 147 municipalities from 11 Regional Managements of Health. The database was obtained from a sample of insects (100% infected and 20% non-infected) sent to the Central Laboratory of Pernambuco. RESULTS: A total of 18,029 triatomines were analyzed from 138 municipalities of the state. Triatoma pseudomaculata (35%), Triatoma brasiliensis (34%), and Panstrongylus lutzi (25%) were the most captured species. These species also showed a widespread geographical distribution in the state. Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma petrocchiae, Triatoma melanocephala, Triatoma sordida, Rhodnius nasutus, Rhodnius neglectus, and Triatoma infestans showed more limited geographical distribution and lower relative abundance. The parasitological research showed that 8.8% of the triatomines were naturally infected with flagellates morphologically similar to Trypanosoma cruzi and 91.3% of them were captured inside houses in 113 municipalities. P. lutzi showed the highest rates of natural infection. CONCLUSIONS: After the control of T. infestans, synanthropic species, such as T. brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, and P. lutzi, maintain the risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans in the state of Pernambuco. These species are widely distributed, and infected specimens have been found inside houses. Thus, an enhanced surveillance and vector control of Chagas disease is recommended in Pernambuco.

scholarly journals Examining the Dietary Diversity of Children in Niger

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Cisse Egbuonye ◽  
Ariun Ishdorj ◽  
E.L.J. McKyer ◽  
Rahma Mkuu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Factors

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in Niger. The stunting rate in children in Niger is over 50%, one of the highest in the world. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine children’s dietary diversity (CDD) and the maternal factors that impact CDD. A total of 1265 mother–child pairs were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present maternal and child characteristics. To compare the mean scores of CDD in relation to the region, an independent sample t-test was conducted. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate the CDD score by different age groups. A linear regression model was estimated to identify household, maternal and child factors that affect the CDD score. Our results indicate that most of the participants of our survey resided in rural areas and the majority (80.7%) of the mothers had no education. Factors such as region, children’s age, woman’s empowerment, vitamin A intake and wealth index were significant predictors of CDD (p < 0.05). The children residing in rural areas were more likely to have lower CDD scores (p < 0.05) than the children in urban areas, therefore becoming more susceptible to malnutrition.

scholarly journals Aetiology of vaginal discharge in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Parimalam Kumar ◽  
Suguna K. ◽  
Lavanya P.
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aetiological Diagnosis ◽  
Anti Fungal

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Vaginal discharge [VD] is the most common gynecologic complaint in children. The causes vary from being physiological to sexually transmitted diseases. The anatomy and physiology of the vulva and vagina and the vaginal flora influence the causes to some extent. As the above factors vary as the child grows, the etiology varies too. At any age, VD is responsible for a significant morbidity. Hence enumerating the causes and identifying the common causes in specific age groups will help in development of preventive measures and early appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to enumerate the cause of VD in children attending the OPD at Government Royapettah Hospital and to find out the causes of VD in specific age groups less than 2 year, 2-9 years and 9-14 years.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A retrospective analysis of twenty girls less than 14 years of age with VD details were collected from the STI cards of twenty children in the age group upto 14 years, with vaginal discharge, who attended the STI clinic at GRH, KMC will be selected and their symptoms, clinical examination findings, results of relevant investigations noted from their hospital records. Children with HIV infection, immunosuppression due to juvenile diabetes mellitus/ malignancy and history of sexual abuse will be excluded. The results tabulated and a descriptive analysis done to find out the most common aetiology in different age groups in children. Descriptive analysis was applied to analyse the results</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Out of the twenty children studied 40, 10, 50 percent of the girls were in group A, B and C respectively. Youngest child was 6 months old and oldest was 14 years.  In 10% of girls the incidence of VD was physiological and in 90% it was due to pathological causes. In 50% of children the causative agent could be demonstrated by laboratory investigations. Candida was the commonest agent demonstrated in 25% of girls studied. In 35% cases the cause was unidentifiable. Bacterial, parasitic and dermatological causes constituted to 10%, 15%, 10% of aetiology of VD respectively. In one child [5%] who had genital psoriasis, the clinical features of candidal infection was negative.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Aetiological diagnosis was very important in children with VD. Not all VD in children are infective and hence anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agents should not be prescribed without adequate clinical and or microbiological evidence. Pin worm infestation should be considered as a cause of VD in girls with perianal excoriation and nocturnal worsening of symptoms.</span></p><p> </p>

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