scholarly journals Alcohol outlet density and alcohol consumption in Los Angeles county and southern Louisiana

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schonlau ◽  
Richard Scribner ◽  
Thomas A. Farley ◽  
Katherine P. Theall ◽  
Ricky N. Bluthenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Medical Marijuana Dispensaries and Referrals for Child Maltreatment Investigations

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091259
Author(s):  
Bridget Freisthler ◽  
Christiana Kranich
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Medical Marijuana Dispensaries ◽  
Conditionally Autoregressive

The changing legal status of marijuana in the United States has increased access to the drug through medical marijuana dispensaries. Limited research exists that examines the effects of these dispensaries on social problems including child maltreatment. The current study examines how medical marijuana dispensaries may affect referrals for child abuse and neglect investigations. Data are analyzed from 2,342 Census tracts in Los Angeles County, California. Locations of medical marijuana dispensaries were obtained through Weedmaps.com . Using conditionally autoregressive models, local and spatially lagged dispensaries show a positive relationship to rates of referrals in the unadjusted models. However, when we adjust for alcohol outlet density and measures of social disorganization, this relationship is no longer significant. Although this study does not find a relationship between medical marijuana dispensaries and referrals for investigations of child maltreatment, it should not be considered a definitive finding of this relationship. The increasing number of states that are allowing marijuana to be used for medical and recreational purposes is resulting in more people using the drug and the effects on parenting are still unknown.

The Effectiveness of Limiting Alcohol Outlet Density As a Means of Reducing Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harms

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Alexia Campbell ◽  
Robert A. Hahn ◽  
Randy Elder ◽  
Robert Brewer ◽  
Sajal Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

scholarly journals Change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health (CHALICE): a comprehensive record-linked database study in Wales

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fone ◽  
Jennifer Morgan ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Sarah Rodgers ◽  
Scott Orford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundExcess alcohol consumption has serious adverse effects on health and results in violence-related harm.ObjectiveThis study investigated the impact of change in community alcohol availability on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms to health, assessing the effect of population migration and small-area deprivation.DesignA natural experiment of change in alcohol outlet density between 2006 and 2011 measured at census Lower Layer Super Output Area level using observational record-linked data.SettingWales, UK; population of 2.5 million aged ≥ 16 years.Outcome measuresAlcohol consumption, alcohol-related hospital admissions, accident and emergency (A&E) department attendances from midnight to 06.00 and violent crime against the person.Data sourcesLicensing Act 2003 [Great Britain.Licensing Act 2003. London: The Stationery Office; 2003. URL:www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/17/contents(accessed 8 June 2015)] data on alcohol outlets held by the 22 local authorities in Wales, alcohol consumption data from annual Welsh Health Surveys 2008–12, hospital admission data 2006–11 from the Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and A&E attendance data 2009–11 were anonymously record linked to the Welsh Demographic Service age–sex register within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank. A final data source was recorded crime 2008–11 from the four police forces in Wales.MethodsOutlet density was estimated (1) as the number of outlets per capita for the 2006 static population and the per quarterly updated population to assess the impact of population migration and (2) using new methods of network analysis of distances between each household and alcohol outlets within 10 minutes of walking and driving. Alcohol availability was measured by three variables: (1) the previous quarterly value; (2) positive and negative change over the preceding five quarters; and (3) volatility, a measure of absolute quarterly changes during the preceding five quarters. Longitudinal statistical analysis used multilevel Poisson models of consumption and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) spatial models of binge drinking, Cox regression models of hospital admissions and A&E attendance and GWR models of violent crime against the person, each as a function of alcohol availability adjusting for confounding variables. The impact on health inequalities was investigated by stratifying models within quintiles of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation.ResultsThe main finding was that change in walking outlet density was associated with alcohol-related harms: consumption, hospital admissions and violent crime against the person each tracked the quarterly changes in outlet density. Alcohol-related A&E attendances were not clinically coded and the association was less conclusive. In general, social deprivation was strongly associated with the outcome measures but did not substantially modify the associations between the outcomes and alcohol availability. We found no evidence for an important effect of population migration.LimitationsLimitations included the absence of any standardised methods of alcohol outlet data collation, processing and validation, and incomplete data on on-sales and off-sales. We were dependent on the quality of clinical coding and administrative records and could not identify alcohol-related attendances in the A&E data set.ConclusionThis complex interdisciplinary study found that important alcohol-related harms were associated with change in alcohol outlet density. Future work recommendations include defining a research standard for recording outlet data and classification of outlet type, the methodological development of residence-based density measures and a health economic analysis of model-predicted harms.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme. Additional technical and computing support was provided by the Farr Institute at Swansea University, made possible by the following grant:Centre for the Improvement of Population Health through E-records Research (CIPHER) and Farr Institute capital enhancement. CIPHER and the Farr Institute are funded by Arthritis Research UK, the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, the Chief Scientist Office (Scottish Government Health Directorates), the Economic and Social Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, the National Institute for Social Care and Health Research (Welsh Government) and the Wellcome Trust (grant reference MR/K006525/1).

The Application of Spatial Analysis to the Public Health Understanding of Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Problems

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lipton ◽  
D. M. Gorman ◽  
Paul Gruenewald
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
General Context ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

This chapter describes research that uses spatial modeling to address pressing issues related to a public health understanding of alcohol problems and violence. First, we introduce the language of spatial analysis used in prevention work and discuss the details of spatial research that result in useful public health information, particularly in regard to alcohol-related problems. Issues such as geo-mapping, variable selection, and area definition are discussed in regard to community level occurrence of such problems. We then discuss the general context for understanding the geographic relationship between alcohol outlet density and violent crime. Finally, we give a specific example of an analysis focusing on alcohol outlets and violence. This work is related to the major goal of studying the community geography of alcohol problems by mapping the alcohol environment, relating these features of the environment to the spatial distribution of problem events, and analyzing the statistical associations between these measures and drinking behaviors.

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