The early stages of Miomantis binotata and their bearing on the question whether ant mimicry is a larval feature of first stage praying mantises (Mantodea: Mantidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Joachim T. Haug ◽  
Veronika Winder ◽  
Maja Ilic ◽  
Gideon T. Haug ◽  
Carolin Haug
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Ant Mimicry

Ant mimicry, i.e., the mimicking of ant workers by another organism, is a widespread phenomenon among different groups of Euarthropoda, including spiders and different insect species. One example of ant mimicry occurs among praying mantises (Mantodea); here the first stage nymphs have been recorded to perform ant mimicry. In this study, we investigated different nymphal instars of Miomantis binotata for possible morphological similarities to ants. The different instars were compared as stages supposed to perform ant mimicry would differ morphologically from those stages not supposed to resemble ants. The specimens were investigated under different microscopic settings and measurements were performed. Our results do not show significant differences concerning morphological measurements or shape of structures between the different nymphal instars of M. binotata. One prominent difference between stage one nymphs and later stages occurs in the colouration of the body, which is very dark in the earliest nymph. This difference might explain why young nymphs of Miomantis binotata are interpreted as ant-mimicking, despite the apparent lack of other morphological resemblances.

Data Mining Techniques for Diagnosis of Diabetes: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Tushar Deshmukh ◽  
H. S. Fadewar
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Prediction Of Diabetes

This Diabetes is such a common dieses found all over the globe, in which blood glucose or in normal terminology the sugar level in blood is increased. It is the condition of the body in which the insulin which is required for the metabolism of the food is not created or body cannot use the insulin produced properly. Doctors say that diabetes can be controlled if it is detected in its early stages. Data mining is the process in which the data can be used for the prediction based on historic data. The intention here is to analysis how various researchers have used the data mining for better prediction of diabetes so that it could be controlled and possible even cured.

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

The ultrastructure of the developing urodele notochord

1962 ◽  
Vol 156 (965) ◽  
pp. 459-482 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The ultra-structure of the developing notochord in urodele embryos, from the neurula to young tadpole stages, has been studied in thin sections. The first part of the paper is con­cerned with the intercellular membranes, the second with intracellular structures. In neurula stages the notochord cells are in rather loose contact, and gaps of considerable size occur between them. In tailbud stages, the cells become much more closely apposed, the surface of contact being usually thrown into slight waves or bumps; when sectioned normally it appears as two closely adherent profiles. In later tailbud stages the plasma membranes of the cells begin to fall apart again. The first sign of this is the appearance of small vesicles whose form suggests that fluid is being secreted into the intercellular spaces. These membrane vesicles increase considerably in numbers, but not in average dimensions(diameter about 500 to 700 Å). It is concluded that the increase in the closeness of associa­tion between contiguous cell membranes, which is seen during the early stages of chordagenesis, might provide the motive force which brings about the morphogenesis of the organ, as has been suggested earlier. The later separation of the cell membranes, with the appearance of membrane vesicles, is an unexpected phenomenon the significance of which is not clear. At the beginning of the period, the cells are of an undifferentiated embryonic type; by the end of it they have acquired a specific histological character, involving the appearance of large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles, the formation of a notochordal sheath and other features. During the course of differentiation, two different types of ergastoplasm make their appearance one after another. The first is associated with the formation of the fluid-filled vacuoles; the second with the formation of the sheath ; and an ergastoplasm resembling the second chordal type is also found in the mesenchyme cells which lie against the external surface of the sheath. All three ergastoplasms are continuous with the nuclear envelope at the time when they are rapidly increasing in size; and it seems probable that they are directly derived from the outer member of the nuclear envelope. Golgi elements, mitochondria and various other types of granule (‘multi-vesiculate bodies') are also found. In the early stages the body of the nucleus is often penetrated by long cytoplasmic processes. It is suggested that these may arise when the new nuclear envelope is being formed at telophase. It is argued that the morphologically characteristic types of ergastoplasm found in different types of cell, and at different stages during the development of a given type of cell, are probably not merely consequences of the particular type of synthesis proceeding, since they appear before such synthesis can have got very far; it seems more probable that the ultra-microscopic morphology of the nuclear envelope and ergastoplasm is a visible expres­sion of the nature of the synthetic machinery. The functions of these structures might either be to increase the efficiency of the nuclear control of cytoplasmic processes, or to contribute to the co-ordination between the various different synthetic processes which must be involved in differentiation.

scholarly journals XXXI. On the early stages of inflammations

1858 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 645-702 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Advanced Stages

The morbid process designated by the term Inflammation, being one to which every organ and probably every tissue of the body is liable, and comprehending as it does in its progress and consequences by far the greater number of the ills to which flesh is heir, possesses a deeper interest for the physician or surgeon than any other material subject which could be named. The practical importance of inquiries tending to elucidate the essential nature of this process, has been for centuries recognized by all enlightened members of the medical profession; for it is obvious that just views regarding it must tend to promote the establishment of sound principles in the treatment of the diseases which it produces. At the present day more especially, when theory is allowed such free scope, and is permitted to attack the most time-honoured rules of practice, we stand in peculiar need of the beacon-light of correct pathology to enable us to steer a safe course amid the various conflicting opinions which assail us. Yet so far from our knowledge of inflammation being in a satisfactory condition, authorities are at variance upon the fundamental question, whether it is to be regarded, in accordance with John Hunter’s opinion, as active in its nature, and consisting in an exaltation of the functions of the affected part, or whether it should not rather be considered a passive result of diminished functional activity. In seeking for the solution of this great problem, we cannot expect to gain much from the contemplation of the more advanced stages and results of inflammation, such as copious exudation of lymph, suppuration, ulceration, or gangrene. When any one of these has taken place, the nature of the original disease is masked to a great extent by the subsequent changes; and the cell- development which occurs in lymph after its effusion, is no more proof of activity in the inflammatory process, than the loss of the vital powers in gangrene can be accepted as evidence in the opposite direction. It is upon the first deviations from health that the essential character of the morbid state will be most unequivocally stamped, and it is therefore to the early stages of inflammation that attention must be chiefly directed in this inquiry.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL SARCOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Iryna Pashkevych ◽  
Volodymyr Stybel ◽  
Natalia Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Modern diagnostic of oncological diseases, along with classical clinical and morphological methods, provides for the mandatory use of instrumental immunological, immunocytochemical and molecular genetic research methods. The main tasks of such a complex of diagnostic measures are aimed at monitoring oncological diseases at all stages of the diagnostic and treatment process, namely: the detection of a tumor at early stages of its development and the study of changes in metabolic processes in the body under the influence of neoplasms, morphological confirmation of the diagnosis, identification of histostructure and histogenesis of the tumor, determination the degree of its malignancy, detection of metastatic lesion (regional and distant lymph nodes and other organs) or assessment of the risk of its occurrence. It is well know that the early stages of oncological diseases are difficult to diagnose. At the same time, early detection of the disease can save or significantly extend the life of the patient. In such cases, the determination in the blood of specific substances, which are produced by tumors of the respective organs, the so-called oncomarkers, has been successfully used by world medical practice for more than 40 years to establish the affected organ. In combination with instrumental methods (ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray), diagnostic efficiency is sharply increasing. Successful treatment of malignant tumors is possible under the conditions of their early detection and thorough histological diagnosis. Almost 50 % of the total number of oncologically diseased dogs has tumorous processes in the tissues of their genital organs, aggressiveness and metastasis, which often leads to lethal consequences, even after radical interventions. The aim of our research was to study the histological, cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of transmissible venereal sarcoma. It has be en established that histologically, the tumor belongs to the low-differentiated round-cellular sarcoma of the alveolar type. Typical is tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages. Tumor cells are characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal marker vimentine. A positive local reaction on myogenin, cytokeratin and negative on CD31, CD34, S-100 protein and desmin was observed.

scholarly journals The ipsilateral silent period: an early diagnostic marker of callosal disconnection in ALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110440
Author(s):  
Annemarie Hübers ◽  
Jan Kassubek ◽  
Hans-Peter Müller ◽  
Nicolas Broc ◽  
Jens Dreyhaupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Microstructural Alterations ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Introduction: Imaging studies showed affection of the corpus callosum (CC) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we sought to determine whether these structural alterations reflect on the functional level, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods: In 31 ALS patients and 12 controls, we studied mirror movements (MM) and transcallosal inhibition (TI) using TMS. Structural integrity of transcallosal fibres was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Results: TI was pathologic in 25 patients (81%), 22 (71%) showed MM. Loss of TI was observed in very early stages (disease duration <4 months). No correlation was found between TI/MM and fractional anisotropy of transcallosal fibres. Discussion: These results substantiate the body of evidence towards a functional involvement of the CC in early ALS beyond microstructural alterations. Significance: TI may become a useful early diagnostic marker in ALS, even before descending tracts are affected. Diagnostic delay in ALS is high, often preventing patients from gaining access to therapeutic trials, and sensitive diagnostic tools are urgently needed. Our findings also provide insights into the pathophysiology of ALS, potentially supporting the so-called ‘top-down’ hypothesis, that is, corticoefferent (intracortical/corticospinal) propagation. Callosal affection in early stages might represent the ‘missing link’ to explain corticocortical disease-spreading.

Pre-Raphaelite Poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 553-567
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Helsinger
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Dante Gabriel Rossetti ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Arts ◽  
New Directions

Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Morris in the early stages of their careers sought to turn modern poetry in new directions by reinterpreting both the body and the spirit of the arts practised in Europe and Britain before Raphael. Four things marked their encounter with the past. First, both went directly to primary sources. Second, they began by making their own translations, verbal or visual; the act of translating brought to consciousness the particularities of both past and present. Third, both moved from translation to pastiche and invention, finding new ways to use the past to create in the present the shock of the new. And finally, these activities were shared projects, fired by the exchange of work and ideas among a circle of family, friends, and fellow artists and poets.

Observations on the biology of Afro–tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2893 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. W. COCK ◽  
T. COLIN E. CONGDON
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Frontal Projection

Partial life histories for 13 Afro–tropical Tagiadini (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) are described and illustrated: Eagris sabadius astoria Holland, E. s. andracne (Boisduval), E. lucetia (Hewitson), E. decastigma purpura Evans, Tagiades flesus (Fabricius), Caprona pillaana Wallengren, Netrobalane canopus (Trimen), Abantis arctomarginata Lathy, A. bamptoni Collins & Larsen, A. zambesiaca (Westwood), A. paradisea (Butler), A. meru Evans and A. venosa Trimen. Generalisations are made for the tribe in Africa. Three African groups are recognised based on early stages. The Tagiades group includes Tagiades and Eagris, and is characterised by the hair-like covering of the eggs, the absence of noticeable hairs on the caterpillar, the chordate head of the caterpillar, possibly the red colouring of young caterpillars, the presence of white waxy patches on the pupae, and the small frontal projection on the pupa. The Abantis group includes Caprona, Netrobalane and Abantis, and we assume Leucochitonea, and is characterised by the scale covering of the eggs, the rounded caterpillar head covered with branching and sub-branching hairs; the stalked stellate hairs covering the body, the pale hairless pupae with black markings, and the strong upturned bifurcate frontal projection of the pupae. The two remaining African genera, Procampta and Calleagris, appear to form a third group, characterised by no anal wool and no covering to the eggs. The Abantis group is considered to merit at least tribal status. Although all African genera include Malvaceae (including former families Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae) amongst their food plants, the range of families is diverse: Anacardiaceae, ?Cannabaceae, Erythroxylaceae, ?Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, ?Rosaceae, Sapindaceae and Violaceae (Eagris spp.), Dioscoreaceae, Malvaceae, ?Rutaceae (Tagiades flesus), Malvaceae (Caprona pillaana and Netrobalane canopus), and Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Sapindaceae (Abantis spp.).

A Note on Some Preliminary Observations on the Effect of the Antibiotic Terramycin on Insect Symbiotic Micro-organisms

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Musgrave ◽  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Body Louse ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Micro Organisms

Micro-organisms that seem to be symbiotic are known to occur in many insects (Steinhaus, 1949). Often these micro-organisms are retained for at least a part of their iife in special organs in the insect's body called ‘mycetomes’. Mansour (1935) following a study of a number of beetles cnntaining micro-organisms concluded, in the two closely related species Sitophilus granarius (L) and Sitophilus oryza (L) that while both species have mycetonies only S. oryza had micro-organisms; a conclusion that his received some general acceptance (Steinhaus, 1946; Wigglesworth, 1947). Thus it could be questioned if the micro-organisms in S. oryza were of benefit to it since S. granarius survived apparently without any (Mansour). However, it has been shown that in some beetles (Blewett & Fraenkel, 1944), in the body louse (Aschner, 1935), and in the hug, Rhodnius, (Brecher & Wigglesworth, 1944) the associated micro-organisms are of considerable importance to the insect. It therefore seemed worth while to study further the condition existing in S. oryza and S. granarius; and in the early stages of this work some interesting phenomena have been observed.

Medical Use of Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 194308921350697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parva Nasimi ◽  
Maryam Haidari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Early Stages

Researchers today are able to encapsulate medicine in nanoparticles, the size of viruses. The nanoparticles are effective for drug delivery—the delivery of the medicine to the body—because they can very precisely find diseased cells and carry the medicine to them. This means that one can suffice with less dosage and thereby fewer side effects. In addition, nanoscience and nanotechnological methods are spurring the development of more sophisticated tools for detecting diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis, at early stages and performing neurosurgery. Applications of nanotechnology in disease diagnoses are developing rapidly. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document