scholarly journals Flightless Disphaerona rediscovered in China: mtDNA phylogeography of the Yunnan clade and the sobering state of fungus weevil phylogenetics (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily V. Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Dabie Mountains ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family

This paper reports discovery of the genus <em>Disphaerona</em> Jordan, 1902 in two widely separated regions in China: in three isolated highlands in Yunnan (the Cang Shan Range, Mt. Jizu and Mt. Haba) and in the Dabie Mountains of Hubei, at the border with Anhui. Till present the genus was known from China only from four specimens of<em> D.</em> <em>chinensis</em> (including its holotype) described from Sichuan in 1995. Sixteen specimens from each of the three newly detected localities in Yunnan were DNA barcoded and the data were made publicly available at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-DISPHAE. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed a topology suggesting monophyly and recent (0.2–0.4 Ma) origin of the populations on both Mt. Jizu and Mt. Haba. The population on the Cang Shan Range harbours representatives of both clades forming the ingroup, mtDNA of which diverged some 7.9 Ma. The habitus of the holotype of the only nominative Chinese <em>Disphaerona</em> species, <em>D. chinensis,</em> is illustrated, together with habitus and male and female genitalia of specimens newly discovered in both Yunnan and Hubei. All specimens of <em>Disphaerona</em> from Yunnan are seemingly conspecific and are taxonomically assigned to D. chinensis. Two similar males and one sympatric but dissimilar, smaller female from the Dabie Mountains do not have associated DNA barcode data. It remains unknown whether the three Dabie Mountains specimens are conspecific or even congeneric; pending this uncertainty they are tentatively treated as <em>Disphaerona</em> without a Linnaean name. <em>Disphaerona</em> population in the Dabie Mountains, if indeed a member of this hypothesised clade, forms the easternmost record of the genus. Monophyly and sister group of <em>Disphaerona</em> are briefly discussed and both are shown as unknown and unverifiable. A brief overview of the state of phylogenetic knowledge of Anthribidae is given, which is practically non-existing and with neither the family, nor any of its tribes and the vast majority of genera tested as monophyletic.

Revision of Australian Parathyginus with description of two new species, along with first detailed description of aedeagus in the family Heterogastridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5016 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-522
Author(s):  
M. B. MALIPATIL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

The Australian species of the small heterogastrid genus Parathyginus Scudder, 1957 have been reviewed, resulting in the establishment of the junior subjective synonymy of P. doddi (Distant, 1918) with P. signifer (Walker, 1872), and the description of two new species, P. australis sp. nov. and P. acuminatus sp. nov. A redescription of the genus is provided with emphasis on male and female genitalia characters, along with a key to all included Australian species. Male genitalia, particularly the details of the aedeagus, have been rarely studied in this genus or for that matter the family Heterogastridae particularly due to the difficulty in inflating the inflatable sections. In this study, therefore, an attempt was made to fully inflate and describe the aedeagus of all the species included in this contribution, as well as of Heterogaster urticae (Fabricius, 1775), the type species of the oldest genus Heterogaster Schilling, 1829, of the family Heterogastridae.  

Comparative morphology of extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Rhachiberothidae) suggests a non-monophyletic Mantispidae and a single origin of the raptorial condition within the superfamily

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4992 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-89
Author(s):  
ADRIAN ARDILA-CAMACHO ◽  
CALEB CALIFRE MARTINS ◽  
ULRIKE ASPÖCK ◽  
ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
New Interpretation

Adult external morphology of the extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae and Rhachiberothidae) is compared emphasizing the morphology of the subfamily Symphrasinae as a key group to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the superfamily. Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939 is thoroughly characterized in order to exemplify the morphology of the Symphrasinae. Additionally, following a review of the literature and examination of comparative material of Dilaridae, Berothidae, Rhachiberothidae and all Mantispidae subfamilies, a new interpretation of the components of the raptorial apparatus (i.e., head, prothorax, grasping forelegs, as well as integumentary specializations) is presented. Also, wing venation for these groups is reinterpreted, and new homology hypotheses for wing venation are proposed based on tracheation and comparative analyses. Given the high morphological divergence on the genital sclerites within the Mantispoidea, plus the confusing previous usage of neutral terminology and terms referring to appendages across taxonomic and morphological studies, we attempt to standardize, simplify, and situate terminology in an evolutionary context under the “gonocoxite concept” (multi-coxopod hypothesis). The remarkable morphological similarity of the genital sclerites of Symphrasinae and Rhachiberothidae (sensu U. Aspöck & Mansell 1994) with the Nallachinae (Dilaridae) was taken as a starting point to understand the morphology of other Mantispidae subfamilies. Based on these morphological comparisons, we provide a revised phylogenetic analysis of Mantispoidea. This new phylogenetic analysis supports a sister group relationship between the family Rhachiberothidae, comprising Rhachiberothinae and Symphrasinae, and the family Mantispidae, including the subfamily Mantispinae and its sister taxa Drepanicinae and Calomantispinae, which may represent a single subfamily. Based on these analyses, raptorial condition probably evolved a single time in these insects and subsequently became diversified in the two sister clades of the raptorial Mantispoidea.  

scholarly journals Ypsolopha rhinolophi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new species from Portugal and France unveiled by bats

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4609 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN CORLEY ◽  
SÓNIA FERREIRA ◽  
VANESSA A. MATA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

A new species Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley is described from northern Portugal and south-east France. It resembles Y. alpella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Y. lucella (Fabricius, 1775) but shows clear differences from both species in DNA barcode and in male and female genitalia. Male genitalia of Y. lucella are illustrated for the first time. The new species has been collected at light, reared from larvae on Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and recognised from DNA barcode fragments obtained from droppings of horseshoe bats. 

scholarly journals Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Marko Mutanen ◽  
Carlos Peña ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies  Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1535 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM ◽  
EIRIK RINDAL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Transformation Series

A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the relationships among its families and to place the following genera of uncertain position in the system: Heterotricha, Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Freemanomyia, Rhynchoheterotricha, Chiletricha, Afrotricha, Anisotricha, Kenyatricha, Nepaletricha, Sciarosoma, Sciaropota, Insulatricha, Cabamofa, Rogambara, and Starkomyia. Eratomyia n. gen. is described based on a new species from Ecuador. Colonomyia brasiliana sp.n. and Colonomyia freemani sp.n. are described respectively from southern Brazil and Chile. The male of Cabamofa mira Jaschhof is described for the first time. A total of 64 terminal taxa and 137 transformation series (with 202 characters) were included in the data matrix, with a number of new features from thoracic morphology. Willi Hennig’s 1973 system for the higher Bibionomorpha was adopted using the name Mycetophiliformia for the Sciaroidea. The Mycetophiliformia are monophyletic. The family Cecidomyiidae appears as the sister group of the remaining Mycetophiliformia, followed by the Sciaridae. In the preferred topology, the Rangomaramidae appear as the group sister of a clade consisting of (Ditomyiidae + Bolitophilidae + Diadocidiidae + Keroplatidae) and of (Lygistorrhinidae + Mycetophilidae). The topology within the Rangomaramidae is (Chiletrichinae subfam. n. (Heterotrichinae subfam. n. ((Rangomaraminae + Ohakuneinae subfam. n.))). The Chiletrichinae include the genera Kenyatricha, Rhynchoheterotricha, Insulatricha, Chiletricha, and Eratomyia n. gen. Heterotrichinae and Rangomaraminae are monotypic. The subfamily Ohakuneinae includes Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Cabamofa, and Rogambara. The positions of Freemanomyia, Loicia, Taxicnemis, Sciaropota, Starkomyia, Anisotricha, Nepaletricha, and Sciarosoma are considered. Afrotricha might belong to the Sciaridae. The similarities used by many authors to gather the Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae in a clade are shown to be a combination of plesiomorphies and homoplasies.

The placement of the spider genus Periegops and the phylogeny of Scytodoidea (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3312 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FACUNDO M. LABARQUE ◽  
MARTÍN J. RAMÍREZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Median Lobe ◽  
Posterior Median ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time

The relationships of Scytodoidea, including the families Drymusidae, Periegopidae, Scytodidae and Sicariidae, have been con-tentious for a long time. Here we present a reviewed phylogenetic analysis of scytodoid spiders, emphasizing Periegops, theonly genus in the family Periegopidae. In our analysis the Scytodoidea are united by the fusion of the third abdominal entapo-physes into a median lobe, the presence of female palpal femoral thorns and associated cheliceral stridulatory ridges, a mem-branous lobe on the cheliceral promargin, and the loss of minor ampullate gland spigots. A basal split within Scytodoideadefines two monophyletic groups: Sicariidae and a group formed by Scytodidae as the sister group of Periegopidae plus Dry-musidae, all united by having bipectinate prolateral claws on tarsi I–II, one major ampullate spigot accompanied by a nubbin,and the posterior median spinnerets with a mesal field of spicules. Periegops is the sister group of Drymusidae, united by the regain of promarginal cheliceral teeth and a triangular cheliceral lamina, which is continuous with the paturon margin.

Phylogenetic analysis of the South American sharpshooter genus Scopogonalia Young, 1977 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), with implications for conservation

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-508
Author(s):  
AFONSO H. LEAL ◽  
ANTONIO J. CREÃO-DUARTE ◽  
GABRIEL MEJDALANI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
South American ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ecological Adaptations ◽  
The One

Scopogonalia is a leafhopper genus with 17 described species, all of them from South America. In this work, a phylogenetic analysis of the genus was conducted based on 59 morphological and colour pattern characters of head, thorax, abdomen, male and female genitalia. Analyses with equal weights resulted in 12 equally most parsimonious trees (length = 137) including a monophyletic Scopogonalia in all of them. An implied weights (k = 15) analysis recovered two trees, one of them equal to the one obtained with a single round successive weighting procedure, which was chosen for discussion. The trees support the existence of three main clades, which are here called Early Green Clade, Late Green Clade, and Yellow-Brown Clade. The origin and diversification of each clade is discussed under available biogeographical knowledge of South America. Little variation was observed in the female genitalia, but their characters were useful to reinforce the monophyly of the Yellow-Brown Clade, which we associate to ecological adaptations. This clade supports a past connection of the Cerrado biome and savannah enclaves in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. This conclusion highlights the necessity of conserving this open vegetation environment inside the most fragmented portion of the Atlantic Forest, in northeastern Brazil. 

On the phylogeny of the Dytiscidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) with emphasis on the morphology of the female reproductive system

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
Character Evidence ◽  
Female Genital System ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractCharacters from adult morphology are analyzed cladistically to infer the phylogeny of the family Dytiscidae. The analysis is based on examination of 233 species of Dytiscidae and several outgroup taxa including members of Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae and Carabidae. Members of all currently recognized tribes of Dytiscidae are represented except Anisomeriini Brinck, Hydronebriini Guignot and Carabhydrini Watts. Emphasis is placed on identifying informative characters from the female genital system that comprise 34 of the resulting 101 total characters. The consensus of the most parsimonious trees is well resolved and supports recognition of ten subfamilies of Dytiscidae including; Matinae van den Branden, Laccophilinae Gistel, Coptotominae van den Branden, Copelatinae Erichson, Hydroporinae Aubé, Agabinae Thomson, Colymbetinae Erichson, Lancetinae van den Branden and Dytiscinae Leach. Also, Hydrodytes Miller, NEW GENUS, is erected and placed in its own subfamily, Hydrodytinae, NEW SUBFAMILY, to include two species previously placed in Agaporomorphus Zimmermann (Copelatinae), H. opalinus (Zimmermann) (NEW COMBINATION) and H. dodgei (Young) (NEW COMBINATION). Hydrodytinae is sister group to Hydroporinae and is diagnosed by the presence of anterior apodemes on the gonocoxae, several characters of the metendosternite (each synapomorphic with Hydroporinae), lack of pseudotetramerous pro- and mesotarsi, lack of a declivitous prosternum and prosternal process, the scutellum visible with the elytra closed (all plesiomorphic), the rami of the female genitalia sinuate and dorsally with an opalescent sheen (each autapomorphic for Hydrodytinae). Matinae is resolved as the sister group to the remaining Dytiscidae. Hyphydrini Sharp is found to be paraphyletic with respect to Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka, and the latter is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of the former (NEW SYNONYMY). Hydroporini Aubé and Hygrotini Portevin are found to be para- or polyphyletic. No changes are made to the classification of these taxa since character evidence is relatively weak, and taxon sampling within Hydroporinae is inadequate to justify changes. Carabdytes Balke, Hendrich and Wewalka is found to be the sister taxon to the remaining Colymbetinae, and because of its unique combination of characters and phylogenetic placement it is included in its own tribe, Carabdytini Pederzani (RESURRECTED). All other examined tribes of Dytiscidae are monophyletic. The female genitalia are described and figured for numerous taxa across the family, and numerous other characters are described and figured. The evolution of various features of the female genitalia within Dytiscidae is discussed. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis is compared and contrasted with other phylogenetic proposals.

Review of the genus Argyresthia Hübner, [1825] (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Argyresthiidae) from China, with descriptions of forty-three new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4292 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TENGTENG LIU ◽  
SHUXIA WANG ◽  
HOUHUN LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Total Species

The Chinese fauna of Argyresthia Hübner, [1825] included by 14 described species prior to this study. In the present paper we describe 43 new species and record seven species new to China. We also recognized six known Chinese species based on the available specimens; eight species previously reported for the fauna, but without available specimens for examination, are systematically placed in their relevant positions. The total species number of Argyresthia in China is brought to 64. The new species include: A. (Blastotere) aureola, sp. nov., A. (B.) sporadolepis, sp. nov., A. (B.) cineretra, sp. nov., A. (B.) affinicineretra, sp. nov., A. (B.) albaureola, sp. nov., A. (B.) densa, sp. nov., A. (B.) punctireticulata, sp. nov., A. (B.) dolichocoremata, sp. nov., A. (B.) longipenella, sp. nov., A. (Argyresthia) biloba, sp. nov., A. (A.) minutilepidota, sp. nov., A. (A.) flavifusca, sp. nov., A. (A.) trigonophylla, sp. nov., A. (A.) chiotorna, sp. nov., A. (A.) hirsuta, sp. nov., A. (A.) papillata, sp. nov., A. (A.) acuminata, sp. nov., A. (A.) curvativa, sp. nov., A. (A.) atomata, sp. nov., A. (A.) orthocera, sp. nov., A. (A.) cardiopetala, sp. nov., A. (A.) mala, sp. nov., A. (A.) longa, sp. nov., A. (A.) decurtata, sp. nov., A. (A.) minutisocia, sp. nov., A. (A.) scalprata, sp. nov., A. (A.) grammosacca, sp. nov., A. (A.) campylotropa, sp. nov., A. (A.) punctuata, sp. nov., A. (A.) chlorella, sp. nov., A. (A.) triangulata, sp. nov., A. (A.) subzonata, sp. nov., A. (A.) basistriata, sp. nov., A. (A.) longalbella, sp. nov., A. (A.) umbrina, sp. nov., A. (A.) umbrinistrigata, sp. nov., A. (A.) surrecta, sp. nov., A. (A.) lanosa, sp. nov., A. (A.) lata, sp. nov., A. (A.) cuprea, sp. nov., A. (A.) aurilata, sp. nov., A. (A.) convexa, sp. nov., and A. (A.) ellipsoidea, sp. nov.        The newly record species include: A. (A.) pygmaeella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), A. (A.) retinella Zeller, 1839, A. (A.) angusta Moriuti, 1969, A. (A.) alpha Friese & Moriuti, 1968, A. (A.) beta Friese & Moriuti, 1968, A. (A.) kaoyaiensis Moriuti, 1982, and A. (A.) dislocata Meyrick, 1914. The male of A. (A.) trochaula Meyrick, 1938, and the male and female genitalia of A. (A.) aphoristis Meyrick, 1938 and A. (A.) dislocata are described for the first time. The misidentified species A. (A.) assimilis Moriuti, 1977 in China is described as A. (A.) mala, sp. nov. Argyresthia cryptomeriae Yang, nomen non rite publicatum, is validated as Argyresthia anthocephala Meyrick, 1936. Keys to the subgenera and to the Chinese species with available specimens are provided.        Photos of adults and male and female genitalia are provided for all the examined species except two from Taiwan. Field photographs and biological information are provided where available. Five DNA barcode sequences of the two new species, A. (A.) surrecta, sp. nov. and A. (A.) lanosa, sp. nov., are provided for association of the sexes. 

A cladistic analysis of the Holarctic genera of adelid moths (Lepidoptera: Incur varoidea)

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Family

AbstractA preliminary cladistic-phylogenetic analysis of the four Holarctic genera of Adelidae recognized is presented. The monophyly of the superfamily Incurvarioidea is demonstrated on the basis of three possible synapomorphies, and that of the family Adelidae on the basis of three others. The subgenus Cauchas Zeller, 1839 is given generic status, as it is demonstrated to represent the sister-group of Nemophora Illiger & Hoffmannsegg, 1798 and Adela Latreille, 1796. Chalceopla Braun, 1921 is a new synonym of Cauchas Zeller, 1839. A key to the genera, based on males, is given.

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