scholarly journals Zebrafish as an alternative method for toxicological studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sampieri ◽  
Riccardo Villa ◽  
Silvia Dotti
Keyword(s):  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
3Rs Principle

According to the Directive 2010/63/EU fish embryos do not fall into regulatory frameworks dealing with animal experimentation. Therefore, in compliance with the 3Rs principle, zebrafish embryos are considered as replacement or refinement methods. Since more and more industrial chemicals are recognized causes of skin sensitization, it is needed a thorough understanding of the mechanisms to make predictions of the toxic potential of novel compounds. Thus, the FET test was performed and up to four apical observations were recorded as indicators of lethality: coagulation of fertilized eggs, lack of somite formation, no detachment of the tail bud from the yolk sac and lack of heartbeat. Then, in order to assess whether the skin sensitization due to chemical incubation was really measurable, the Fish Interleukin 8 (IL8) ELISA Kit was carried out. The preliminary results obtained so far seem encouraging. However, they need to be confirmed through further ELISA tests and compared with other in vitro methods.

The Role of In Vitro Experiments in Animal Welfare

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Selzer Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Target Organ Toxicity

The prospects of replacing animal experiments with other types of toxicological studies are considered, and the use of human data and in vitro experiments are discussed. Ongoing validation studies of in vitro methods for evaluation of acute toxicity, local irritation, target organ toxicity, tumour promotion and teratogenicity are presented.

Somite formation in cultured embryos of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
David S. Packard
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Chelydra Serpentina ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Snapping Turtle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Somite Formation ◽  
Full Complement

A simple, reliable method for the in vitro cultivation of snapping turtle embryos was demonstrated. This technique was used to study somite formation in explants containing segmental plates. Segmental plates formed a full complement of somites whether the neural tube or the neural tube and notochord was present. Explanted snapping turtle segmental plates formed an average of 6·6 ± 1·2 somites. Removal of the node region or tail bud from cultured intact embryos led to a cessation of somite formation after an additional 6·1 ± 1·8 somites had formed. These results indicate the number of somites the snapping turtle segmental plate will form. Also, the number of somites formed by explanted segmental plates showed only slight variation over a wide range of segmental plate lengths. It was concluded that while snapping turtle segmental plates formed significantly fewer somites than chicken or Japanese quail segmental plates, they were similar to the avian explants in their ability to form a consistent number of somites regardless of the length of the segmental plate.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sevim ◽  
FS Senol ◽  
I Orhan ◽  
B Şener ◽  
E Kaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts
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