scholarly journals Provenance of archaeological wool textiles: new case studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin M. Frei
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
New Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Musk Ox

In the last two decades, measurements of strontium (Sr) isotopes in archaeological bone tissues/skeletons have shown to be an effective technique for the characterisation of human and animal mobility in prehistory. More recently, this tracing system is also being applied to the investigation of archaeological textile’s provenance. The importance of ancient textiles has been often underestimated, however research of archaeological textiles is currently experiencing an extremely increasing interest as the development of new methodologies, conducting experimental studies and lancing of new projects are providing an unreached amount of new information, knowledge and impressive data sets which together build the basis of novel thinking and interpretations. This manuscript aims at summarising two of the most recently developed methods that focus on the extraction of Sr from ancient non-dyed and organic-dyed wool threads from archaeological textiles in an attempt to identify if the raw materials are local or non-local to the sites. In particular, this study presents two case studies which rely on the use of these chemical protocols. The first example deals with a wool/fur sample from a modern Greenlandic Musk ox. The purpose of this study is to characterise wool from an exotic animal on the one side, and to try to establish a link between this wool and a geologically-seen ancient and very special terrain (Archaean basement rocks from the Kangerlussuaq area of Western Greenland) on which this musk ox was grazing. Our interest was focused on whether the bioavailable Sr fraction from this terrain impacted on the composition of the wool from the animal. The second case study deals with three thread samples from four ancient wool textile pieces recovered from one and the same pre-Roman Iron Age peat bog site at Krogens Mølle (Denmark). Some of these textiles have proven to be dyed with organic dyestuffs. This study therefore aimed at applying a novel pre-cleaning methodology developed for dyed (by organic dyestuffs) wool threads from ancient textiles. The outcome of these two particular studies revealed both the potential of these novel methodologies for retrieving the original Sr isotope signature of the raw material wool, and their limitations.

PROPERTIES OF BOILER FUEL COMPOUNDED BY NARROW FUEL FRACTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
K. Shevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Boiler Fuel ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
The One

In order to improve the performance properties, in particular viscosity-temperature, of boiler fuel, it is proposed to combine them with narrow fuel fractions obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials (low pressure polyethylene and polypropylene). When compounding grade 100 fuel oil with narrow fuel fractions, the values ​​of density are reduced to 865 (873) kg / m3, conditional viscosity to 2.50 (2.63) deg. um., pour point up to 8 (13) °C), sulfur content up to 0.17 wt%. and the lower heat of combustion increases to 43606 (43850) kJ / kg. At the same time, there is a gradual decrease in the value of the flash point to 114 (127) °C. This reduction is a negative point, which leads to increased fire safety of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transport. However, the values of the flash point, according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, are within acceptable limits. That is, the value of this indicator can limit the content of fuel oil in narrow fuel fractions. It is determined that the rational concentration of narrow fuel fractions in the composition of fuel oil grade 100, is within 30% of the mass. Within these limits, there is a permissible decrease in flash point values – an indicator that characterizes the fire hazard of fuel oil during its use, storage, pumping and transportation against the background of improving other performance properties of fuel oil. The production of the proposed compound boiler fuel on the one hand allows to expand the raw material base of the process by involving in the production process secondary polymer raw materials – solid waste subject to mandatory disposal, on the other – to meet existing demand for boiler fuel by increasing its production.

scholarly journals Determination of Data Mining Application Design Patterns Booking Raw Food In Restaurant Fountain With Apriori Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risnamawati Ndruru ◽  
Paska Marto Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Information ◽  
Material Ordering

Booking is an activity carried out by certain parties to ensure availability, in carrying out certain activities the company has a supply of material in quantities that exceed the needs. As a result, in the warehouse there is a buildup of raw materials or it can happen otherwise. Inventories of materials that are too small can hinder the company's operations in the form of unavailability of materials when needed. The role of inventory will determine the operation of the company because the inventory will run well if supported by good management. Therefore, the concept of inventory management that affects ordering is very important to be applied by companies so that the goals of effectiveness and efficiency are achieved. So we need a Data Mining that can quickly to determine the Determination of Food Raw Material Ordering Patterns in Restaurant Fountain Using Apriori. Data Mining is the extraction of new information taken from large chunks of data that helps in making decisions. One of the applications of data mining for Determining the Pattern of Ordering Food Raw Materials in Restaurant Fountain Using Apriori. Apriori method is a method for determining frequent itemsets for boolean association rules. The research aims to build the application of Determining the Pattern of Ordering Food Raw Materials in Restaurant Fountain with a web-based application and as a tool for designing applications using the Mysql Database. This data mining is able to determine the ordering of food items in the Restaurant Fountain with the required amount.  

scholarly journals Potentials of Edible Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) Starch for Bioplastic: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Azmi Alvian Gabriel ◽  
◽  
Anggita Fitri Solikhah ◽  
Alifia Yuanika Rahmawati ◽  
Yunita Sasmi Taradipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Short Time

Starch-based bioplastic was more economical and competitive compared to bacteria-based bioplastics (polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates) due to the starch variances and the availability in Indonesia, along with the simple techniques that can be applied. This review aimed to describe the potential and opportunities of edible canna starch as an alternative raw material of bioplastics production. Edible canna tuber productivity in Java, Indonesia, with a harvest age of about eight months reaches 30-49.4 tons/ha. It will produce a mature segment 70.2% of the total harvest weight. Edible canna tuber was a carbohydrate source that contains 88.10% starch with an advantage of 68% higher fiber and mineral content than other tubers. Furthermore, canna tuber starch contains amylose proportions of 35.0%. The high amylose content in canna starch is one of the properties that can position its function for developing packaging materials. The gelatinization process of canna starch requires a short time and low energy because of its large granule size (56 μm). A literature review of canna starch as an alternative of bioplastic raw materials needs to be carried out to obtain accurate data and information regarding treatment, use of additional materials, and characteristics of bioplastic products resulting from experimental studies so that they can be further implemented.

scholarly journals Personal adornments from the Eneolithic necropolis of Chirnogi-Suvita Iorgulescu (Romania):

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 398-413
Author(s):  
Monica Margarit ◽  
Madalina Dimache
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Perforated Plates ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
The One ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Over Time

The Necropolis of Chirnogi – Suvita Iorgulescu (Calarasi county) was located on the high terrace of the Danube and was investigated by Done Serba˘nescu (in 1989) by means of the archaeological excavations carried out for the construction of the Danube-Bucharest Channel. For this study, we analysed the archaeological assemblage preserved in the Museum of Gumelnita civilization from Oltenita (Calarasi county) coming from 10 graves, out of a total of 58, which are attributed to the Gumelnita culture (the second half of the 5th millennium BC). The personal adornments are mainly bracelets made of Spondylus valve (16 specimens) which appear in most of the graves, along with an equal number of perforated plates made of Sus scrofa canine, this time the pieces being grouped into two graves. The funeral inventory is complemented by small cylindrical, tubular or biconvex beads, made of various raw materials: Spondylus valve, bone, malachite, cooper and green slate. At the technical level, attention is drawn towards the technological transformation scheme of the raw material, which is extremely uniform for the two main categories of ornaments. Also, the analysed pieces showed different degrees of use-wear, demonstrating on the one hand that they were worn before the deposition in graves, and on the other that the accumulationof these items took place over time.

scholarly journals Optimization of the process of mixing liquid-phase heterogeneous products

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
L. E. Glagoleva ◽  
N. P. Zatsepilina ◽  
M. V. Kopylov ◽  
S. O. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
And Performance

The leading direction in the field of nutrition is the creation of a range of products that contribute to improving health when they are used daily in the diet. The urgency of studying bovine colostrum-colostrum, which is an immune-modeling animal raw material, has been substantiated. Colostrum is a natural source of all the ingredients needed to build immunity. Biologically active substances contained in cow colostrum contribute to: restoration of immunity; restoration of the intestines and stomach; strengthening the nervous system; renewal of brain cells; improving emotional tone and mood; increasing vitality and performance; slowing down the aging process; protection against diseases of the intestines and stomach, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis and a number of other diseases. Colostrum contains a minimum of 37 immune factors and 8 growth factors that help the body fight disease and promote good health and longevity. The classes of immunoglobulins contained in colostrum, which represent the bulk of whey proteins, have been studied. Colostrum is a limited source of raw materials, its production period is short, there are many opportunities for industrial use, but due to the small amount of raw materials, the market remains undeveloped, with the exception of food additives. Taking into account the extensive therapeutic and medicinal properties of colostrum, its unique composition and properties, its composition and physicochemical properties were investigated, the fractionation parameters were determined using various systems. To process the experimental studies, the STATISTICA 12 software package was used. To obtain the regression equation, the matrix data were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. The analysis of the data obtained indicates the possibility and prospects of using colostroma in food production technology.

scholarly journals Using Debitage Analysis to Investigate an Alberta Archaeological Site

COMPASS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hallson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
Field Schools

Ahai Mneh (FiPp-33) is a significant pre-contact archaeological site in Alberta. Located west of Edmonton on Lake Wabamun, this site contains material from the Early Prehistoric right up until Late Prehistoric pre-contact times. Ninety-five percent of the lithic artifacts collected are pieces of debitage. Aggregate analysis is a method of examining the whole of the debitage collection, rather than analysing singular pieces. This method is more time efficient, less subject to bias, replicable, and is used often, and successfully, at archaeological sites with immense quantities of debitage. Here I use aggregate analysis to examine the debitage assemblage from two field schools at Ahai Mneh. I investigate various characteristics such as size, raw material type, cortex amount, and number of dorsal scars. I argue that this method is successful, as it provided new information on where people were acquiring raw materials, as well as what types of flintknapping occurred at this site. These analyses resulted in the determination of a focus on local raw material, yet this material was being brought to the site as prepared cores or blanks, rather than complete unaltered cores. Tool production was the focus at this site, and this trend continued throughout time.

Technology for the production of carbon nanomaterials by pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
O. A. Kolenchukov ◽  
E. A. Petrovsky ◽  
N. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Processing Petroleum

The processes of oil production and preparation involve the formation of a mixture of various hydrocarbon gases, otherwise called associated petroleum gas. Today most of associated petroleum gas produced is burned, causing damage to the natural environment, or used as an energy supply for technological equipment. At the same time, associated petroleum gas can be used as a valuable raw material to produce various chemicals. In the article, the existing methods of APG utilization are considered, and the relatively simplest and most environmentally friendly pyrolysis method is proposed. A comparative analysis of the methods of mixing raw materials was carried out, as a result of which it was revealed that the mechanical and vibration methods are considered the most rational. An experimental installation for processing petroleum associated gas by pyrolysis is presented. The results of experimental studies of the production of carbon fiber nanomaterials and hydrogen are presented. Gas (CH4) obtained by utilization of hydrocarbon-containing waste (oil sludge) was used as a feedstock. The average yield of the target products was 81 l/h for hydrogen and 325.5 g/h for nanofiber carbon.

Staining Natural Rubber with Silver Nitrate for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Smith ◽  
V. L. Folt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World War ◽  
The One

Abstract Hevea brasiliensis or natural rubber (NR) has been used for over 500 years. Until World War II, it was the basic raw material of the rubber industry. Since that time, the use of synthetic polymers has steadily increased, but the importance of NR has not diminished. In fact, the future for the natural product is very promising since it is the one polymer that is obtainable without depleting fossil fuel raw materials. Natural rubber latex has been extensively studied by a variety of methods, especially the microscope. All of the early work with NR latex was conducted, of course, with the optical microscope. In the late 1940's the electron microscope began to be used, but at that time synthetic rubbers began to demand attention, and work on NR latex diminished. Perhaps investigators felt they knew all there was to know about the microscopical characteristics of this material. Indeed, some very fine work had been done and keen observations made with optical microscopes that could not even resolve all of the particles in a latex material. This paper deals with the electron microscopy of natural rubber latexes with particular attention to the proteinaceous layer on the particle and the fate of particles during varying stages of mastication. The critical technique used was to stain the proteinaceous layer of the latex particle with silver nitrate.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZE, UPGRADE OR INVEST IN A NOVEL DRYER? – A BRICK FACTORY CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Miloš R. Vasić ◽  
◽  
Milica V. Vasić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Energy Balances

Drying has an enormous impact on the quality of final masonry clay elements. The accumulated knowledge about modeling the drying process, as well as the registered progress in computing the coupling between the heat and mass transfer during the last decade has reached the applicative industrial level. The available novel commercial drying solutions have dropped the drying cycle to 5 hours for hollow clay products and up to 9 hours for clay blocks of large size and weight. The ability to speed up the drying process also strongly depends on the properties of the raw materials. The decision on optimization of the existing dryer and its upgrade or investment in a novel drying facility must be experimentally validated. Results of the one-month monitoring and analysis of the production process in one Serbian brick factory including the material and energy balances are given in this paper. Based on the collected data, raw material limitations and costs of the novel dryer the existing tunnel dryer upgrade and the minimization of the "false" ambient air into the dryer are proposed.

scholarly journals Development of the smelting technology of complex aluminum-chrome-silicon-containing ASC alloy from substandard raw materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
A. S. Orlov ◽  
A. Z. Isagulov ◽  
O. R. Sariev ◽  
M. Zh. Tolymbekov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Complex Alloy ◽  
The Rich

Scientists of the Chemical-Metallurgical Institute named after Zh.  Abishev develop new types of highly effective alloys based on resource-saving technologies that allow the complex processing of natural and technogenic raw materials, such as carbonaceous waste, chrome ore fines, etc. Therefore, it has led to the creation of a onestage, slag-free and non-waste technology with the maximum use of all useful charge components. With disappearance of rich ore reserves, as well as the expansion of demand for raw materials and the development of technology, the rich ores are replaced by poorer and substandard ones that require new methods of processing. The maximum use of raw materials and industrial waste, if this is economically justified, is one of the basic requirements for the technology. This task is closely intertwined, and in many cases coincides with another task – the development of integrated methods of raw materials processing, which, in the general production cycle, allows using, if possible, all useful elements of raw materials. The main objective of the study is to find ways to improve the use of sub-standard chrome ore. As a reducing agent in the electrothermal smelting of the ACS alloy, instead of expensive coke, without which no process of carbothermic smelting is required, a cheap high-ash Borly coal was used. The coal ash, which mainly consists of silica and alumina, is an additional source of silicon and aluminum in the alloy. This technology will be simple and allows regarding substandard chromium ore as a complex metallurgical raw material, since not only chrome is used, but also the components of the waste rock – silicon and aluminum. As a result of the complete reduction of all charge oxides, this technology will make it possible to obtain a complex alloy of ACS with an approximate chemical composition: 39  –  43  % of chromium, 23  –  27  % of silicon, 7  –  10  % of aluminum. The transition of the main components of the charge to the alloy will be: 82  –  85  % of chromium, 68  –  70  % of silicon, 59  –  60  % of aluminum. In this paper, the results of experimental studies on the production of a complex alloy of ACS (aluminum-chromium-silicon) from high-ash coals of the Borly deposit and chrome ore minerals of the Donskoi GOK are presented. The course of furnace operation is described with a lack, excess, and also the calculated amount of the reducing agent. The ways of eliminating the upset in furnace operation are shown.

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