scholarly journals Study on Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads from Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey, by using portable X-ray fluorescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Izumi Nakai ◽  
Kriengkamol Tantrakarn ◽  
Yoshinari Abe ◽  
Sachihiro Omura
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Excavation Site ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Xrf Analyses

In this article we report a comparative study on excavated objects and artifact from museums to reveal an aspect of ancient trade. The target artifact is Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads excavated from an architectural remain at Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey. Blue glass beads of this type have been excavated in Western Asia from north Iran and Iraq to the Syro-Palestinian coast from second half of 16th to 14th century BC. The analysis of the samples was carried out by using a portable Xray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer developed by us. The instrument was brought to the excavation site in Turkey as well as to the museums to analyse typologically similar glass beads from the collection of Okayama Orient Museum and MIHO MUSEUM in Japan, for comparison. Our XRF analyses suggested that all analysed glass artifacts are plant ash sodalime silica glass with 2-4 wt% magnesium and potassium. The three glass beads exhibited similar compositional characteristic, i.e. they contain Sb, Pb, Fe, Cu and Sr in similar quantities. A typological and principal component analysis comparison of the glass beads unearthed from Kaman- Kalehöyük site with those of the museums and literature data support that they should have a similar origin. In addition, archaeological context of the glass from Kaman-Kalehöyük also supports that the artifact belongs to the Middle-Late Bronze Age (16th to 15th centuries BC). This is the first scientific material evidence that shows the possibility of a cultural flow from Mesopotamia region to Kaman-Kalehöyük during Middle- Late Bronze Age.

Late bronze age Greece and the Balkans: a review of the present picture

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bouzek
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Aegean Bronze Age

This article brings a reassessment of the survey of relations published in the author's 1985 book. The discrepancy in chronology seems now to be much nearer to a solution: more material evidence is known from the frontier area and from the Balkans in general, thus enlarging the documentation of the extent of Mycenaean influence in the north, and also clarifying the situation in Late Mycenaean times, when various northern influences were felt in Mycenaean Greece. The crisis at the end of the Aegean Bronze Age was connected with an influx of new populations, though substantial local traditions were also retained. The joint efforts of tradition and innovation prepared the further development of Greece.

A Mycenaean sword from Boğazköy–Hattusa found in 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
O. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Western Asia

This paper deals with a bronze sword found during repair work on a road close to the Hittite capital of Hattusas in central Anatolia. It carries an Akkadian inscription stating that it was taken as booty by the Hittite king Tuthaliyas II during his campaign in the Assuwa country of western Asia Minor, c.1430 BC. The content of the inscription may be evidence of Ahhiyawan-Mycenaean Greek warfare in western Asia Minor in the Late Bronze Age, and/or of a historical background for the Trojan war.

Between Egypt, Mesopotamia and Scandinavia: Late Bronze Age glass beads found in Denmark

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 168-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Varberg ◽  
Bernard Gratuze ◽  
Flemming Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age

scholarly journals Tanay Culture and Transition Time from the Developed to the Late Bronze Age in Northern-Western Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-42
Author(s):  
Kovtun I.V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
North West ◽  
Western Asia

The article is devoted to the ornament and chronology of the Tanai culture and the characteristics of the inter-age transitional period in North-West Asia in the 2nd third of the 2nd millennium BC. The identification of the early Andronoid Tanai culture is substantiated, its area is outlined and an absolute chronology is established. The foundations of the typology of the Tanai ornamentation has been developed and its differences from the Korchazhkin decor have been traced. The sources of popular Tanai motifs, dating back to the Nurtai and Atasu antiquities of Central Kazakhstan, have been established. A suite of early Andronovo cultures, which constituted the historical content of the transitional period, is identified, and a series of dating confirming the unity of this cultural-chronological horizon is presented.

Rituals and Ceremonies at the Mycenaean Cemetery at Dendra

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Louise Schallin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Political System ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Mortuary Ritual ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Settling Process ◽  
Network Type

Chapter 4 focuses on the ritual practices connected with the burials at the Late Bronze Age cemetery at Dendra in the Argolid in Greece, ca. 1600–1100 B.C. During this time, the central Argolid became an archaic state with a pronounced site hierarchy, with Mycenae at the top. In the settling process of this power structure, the various practices, including mortuary ritual, were characterized by competition and the negotiation of sociopolitical positions. Part of the material evidence connected with mortuary practices at the Dendra site and its surrounds is used in Schallin’s analysis of the components of the rituals as she proposes a possible scenario of how the burial practices were materialized at Dendra and how they can be seen as a constituent part in the strategies of elite legitimation. In short, Schallin examines material evidence to identify various components in the mortuary ritual at the Dendra cemetery while suggesting how this ritual linked with the network-type political system at Mycenae.

Langada Revisited

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-247
Author(s):  
Calla McNamee ◽  
Salvatore Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Diachronic Changes ◽  
Material Evidence

This chapter investigates burial practices and cultural identity at the cemetery of Langada on Kos and discusses the evidence for diachronic changes in the context of Koan Late Bronze Age society. More specifically, through an in-depth study of excavation data, this contribution reconsiders three significant aspects of the Langada burial arena. The first one concerns tomb type, size, shape, and spatial distribution. The second and the third aspects concern, respectively, evidence for tomb reuse and mortuary treatments. The analysis of these features is used to compare burial practices, characterize societal structure, and better understand cultural developments. The results of this research imply that the gradual formation of a Mycenaean identity on Kos was the outcome of a long-term process of integration between Greek mainland and local funerary traditions, which came to fruition during Late Helladic IIIA2 and Late Helladic IIIB. During these phases, Mycenaean identity functioned to bind a well-organized Koan society. In the successive Late Helladic IIIC period, on the other hand, the identification of greater variability in material evidence and burial practices suggests that, while Mycenaean culture remained important, Koan society had a more fluid character and a looser structure.

scholarly journals A Quarried Excavation Site : Late Bronze Age Relics Unearthed in a Gravel Pit near Muhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Norbert Berta ◽  
Zoltán Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gravel Pit ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Excavation Site

East of the village of Muhi, in the direction of Nyékládháza, there are huge gravel pits, many of which have already been abandoned, flooded, and transformed into popular modern resorts. Recently, new gravel extraction sites have also been opened, and so a rescue excavation of the Muhi-III kavicsbánya (gravel pit) site took place in 2019. After months of excavation, the artifacts are still in the process of being cleaned and restored, and so until this work is complete, it is only possible to outline a brief overview of the important and remarkable finds. Features have been excavated from several periods (Middle Neolithic, Late Bronze Age, and Early Iron Age), but the most significant ones are those from the Late Bronze Age. These finds reveal information about a place of intensive human activity, a settlement on the border of different European cultural zones that participated in long-distance trade. These influences are reflected in varied elements of material culture. The large quantities of metal and ceramic finds brought to light in various conditions can be dated to the so-called pre-Gava period based on finds from the major features (urn graves, vessel hoards), and thus provide new information on the Late Bronze Age history of the Sajó-Hernád plain.

scholarly journals LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of Late Bronze Age blue glass beads from Gurob, Egypt

Archaeometry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kemp ◽  
A. McDonald ◽  
F. Brock ◽  
A. J. Shortland
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Blue Glass ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms

The Concept of Palestine: The Conception Of Palestine from the Late Bronze Age to the Modern Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Masalha
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
The Bible ◽  
School History

The Concept of Palestine is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the indigenous people of Palestine and the multicultural ancient past. The name Palestine is the most commonly used from the Late Bronze Age (from 1300 BCE) onwards. The name Palestine is evident in countless histories, inscriptions, maps and coins from antiquity, medieval and modern Palestine. From the Late Bronze Age onwards the names used for the region, such as Djahi, Retenu and Cana'an, all gave way to the name Palestine. Throughout Classical Antiquity the name Palestine remained the most common and during the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods the concept and political geography of Palestine acquired official administrative status. This article sets out to explain the historical origins of the concept of Palestine and the evolving political geography of the country. It will seek to demonstrate how the name ‘Palestine’ (rather than the term ‘Cana'an’) was most commonly and formally used in ancient history. It argues that the legend of the ‘Israelites’ conquest of Cana'an’ and other master narratives of the Bible evolved across many centuries; they are myth-narratives, not evidence-based accurate history. It further argues that academic and school history curricula should be based on historical facts/empirical evidence/archaeological discoveries – not on master narratives or Old Testament sacred-history and religio-ideological constructs.

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