scholarly journals Not in My Landfill: Virginia and the Politics of Waste Importation

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellyn Krevitz
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
Commerce Clause ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Legal Battle

Since the 1970s, federal and state regulations have dramatically changed the management of municipal solid waste in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Regulations required open dumps to be replaced by sanitary landfills with control technology to prevent environmental contamination. In contrast to local governments, private waste management companies had the financial resources to construct landfills with the necessary technology. Recently, companies have found that these expansive landfills could not survive financially on Virginia trash alone and began to import waste from other municipalities on the East Coast. This practice has led Virginia to become the second largest importer of municipal solid waste in the country. Waste importation has developed into a political and legal battle that has pitted the Commonwealth and grassroots organizations against the waste industry and its clients. Each stakeholder group makes a compelling argument as to why their position best protects local economies, Virginia's citizens, and the Commonwealth's natural resources. However, the Commerce Clause prevents states from enacting statutes that would interfere with interstate trade of waste. This article discusses the growth of the waste industry in Virginia and the perspectives of stakeholders involved with the importation debate. Without federal legislative action, the author concludes, there is no straightforward answer to the "problem" of waste importation in Virginia.

Towards flexible evaluation schemes in areas with lacking information: a case of waste governance in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110179
Author(s):  
Dolores Elizabeth Turcott Cervantes ◽  
Beatriz Adriana Venegas Sahagún ◽  
Amaya Lobo García de Cortázar
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Stage Of Development

Local governments face the need to achieve sustainability in the provision of public services, and to do so, proper governance is essential. This work proposes a method to assess governance in local waste management systems based on a set of indicators that are flexible and robust enough to allow objective and reliable evaluation even where the information that is available is deficient. The proposal is based on a set of indicators divided into six categories that represent an increasing order of governance maturity: institutional framework; government effectiveness; transparency and accountability; network creation; participation; and corruption control. The article presents the proposal and a first test in two Mexican municipalities, which are an example of municipal solid waste management systems in an incipient stage of development, where there may be serious limitations in terms of access to information. The results show that the methodology can be replicated in different contexts and can be useful for making decisions about improvements in municipal solid waste management systems or for comparing them with others. In addition, sufficient information was obtained for a first diagnosis of the cases studied, which indicates the coherence of the proposed framework. Points for practitioners Proper governance is essential to achieve sustainability in the provision of public services. The assessment of local governance must be robust enough to motivate changes and, at the same time, flexible enough to allow reliable evaluation where the quality of service and the availability of information may be scant. We propose a new framework for the assessment of governance in municipal solid waste management systems that meets these requirements, based on a set of indicators clustered according to governance maturity.

Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Oil Mill Effluent Pretreated and Stored in Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfills

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boari ◽  
I. M. Mancini ◽  
E. Trulli
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Olive Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Sanitary landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW) might be used to reduce the storage volume required at plants giving year-round treatment of olive oil mill effluent (OME). A landfill in the methanogenic stage could act as an anaerobic filter and reduce the pollutional load of the OME while also acting as a temporary storage tank. In the present work, a lysimeter in pilot scale was used to simulate a cell of a sanitary landfill. It was filled with MSW screened by a 80 mm mesh sieve mixed to municipal sludge. Results show that when OME was spread on the top of the lysimeter at a loading rate not exceeding 0.4 kgCOD/d/m3 of reactor steady methanogenic activity was maintained in the layers of refuse and a 70% removal of COD was obtained in the OME leachate collected. Higher loading rates reduced methanogenic activity and COD removal efficiency. Nevertheless, the OME collected from the bottom of the landfill was more easily treated by anaerobic digestion than was the raw OME.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Quantitative Human Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Using Integrated Satellite–UAV–Ground Survey Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4496
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Yunhong Lv ◽  
Haiben Yang ◽  
Yingyue Han ◽  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Ground Survey

Landfills are the dominant method of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in many developing countries, which are extremely susceptible to failure under circumstances of high pore water pressure and insufficient compaction. Catastrophic landfill failures have occurred worldwide, causing large numbers of fatalities. Tianziling landfill, one of the largest engineered sanitary landfills in China, has experienced massive deformation since January 2020, making early identification and monitoring of great significance for the purpose of risk management. The human risk posed by potential landfill failures also needs to be quantitatively evaluated. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, and ground measurements were combined to obtain landfill deformation data in this study. The integrated satellite–UAV–ground survey (ISUGS) approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of landfill deformation and evolution. The deformation characteristics obtained using the InSAR technique and UAV photogrammetry were analyzed and compared. A close relationship between the most severe mobility events, precipitation episodes, and was observed. Based on early hazard identification using ISUGS, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) method and F-N curves were proposed, which can be applied to landfills. The comparison showed that ISUGS allowed a better understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the landfill and more accurate QRA results, which could be as references for local governments to take effective precautions.

Landfill siting based on optimisation, multiple decision analysis, and geographic information system analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana MG Spigolon ◽  
Mariana Giannotti ◽  
Ana P Larocca ◽  
Mario AT Russo ◽  
Natália da C Souza
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
The Cost

Sanitary landfill remains the most common methodology for final treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste worldwide, the cost per tonne depends on its scale. The bigger the landfill, the cheaper the cost of treatment, so the consortium of municipalities is the solution to achieve an economic scale. However, the growth of waste production introduces pressure for adequate solutions and therefore has been increasing sanitary landfill site selection studies. This study proposes a methodology for siting sanitary landfills and optimising the transport of municipal solid waste for a locality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Environmental, social, and economic criteria were established. Their correlated attributes were categorised into suitability levels and weighted according to multiple decision analysis. The data were organised and mapped within a geographic information system. Considering sites where landfills are prohibited, two scenarios were generated. The Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming mathematical model is used to minimise the costs of transporting municipal solid waste and operating sanitary landfills. In Scenario 1, the results indicated that 64% of the area was suitable as a potential sanitary landfill site, 9% of the area exhibited medium suitability, and 27% of the area was classified as restricted. In Scenario 2, the results indicated that 25% of the area was suitable as a potential sanitary landfill site, 4% of the area had medium suitability, and 71% of the area was classified as restricted. The optimal solutions for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 enabled sites to be determined for five landfills and four landfills, respectively.

scholarly journals Sustainability Transitions in the Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems of Bolivian Cities: Evidence from La Paz and Santa Cruz de la Sierra

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise P. Lozano Lazo ◽  
Alexandros Gasparatos
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
La Paz

Municipal solid waste management (MWSM) systems have been evolving across most of the developing world. However, despite decades of refinement, they are still underperforming in many cities, leading to negative sustainability impacts in rapidly urbanizing cities of the global South. Despite similarities in the observed transitions between developed and developing countries, there are important differences in their characteristics and underlying drivers. This study aims to unravel the sustainability transitions of the MSWM systems in the two major cities of Bolivia, La Paz and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, illustrating the role of various actors, and specifically local governments. This is achieved through the analysis of secondary data and expert interviews with stakeholders involved in different aspects of the MSWM system at the national and local level. We identify three partially overlapping sustainability transitions in the two cities, namely “Collection and centralized disposal”, “Environmentally controlled disposal”, and “Integrated solid waste management”. However, timelines, speed and elements of these transitions are somewhat different between cities, largely due to their inherent characteristics, institutions and stakeholder dynamics. Many technological, socioeconomic, and institutional factors converge to facilitate and hinder these transitions, including interactions of government and private sector actors, and the country’s broader political context.

scholarly journals Application of a life cycle assessment for assessing municipal solid waste management systems in Bolivia in an international cooperative framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 98-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navarro Ferronato ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Gorritty Portillo ◽  
Edith Gabriela Guisbert Lizarazu ◽  
Vincenzo Torretta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Middle Income

Using a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems is strongly recommended and the approach has been used in high-income contexts. However, stakeholders in low to middle income countries are not aware of the potential of this approach, mainly due to a lack of financial resources and technical ability. The present work introduces a LCA of MSWM system scenarios into a developing city using an academic licence for the LCA software that is available for use exclusively by researchers. The MSWM system in place in 2018 in La Paz (Bolivia) was assessed according to seven scenarios. The novelty of the research is twofold: the use of LCA academic licensing in a low to middle income region where LCA is unknown as planning tool; and discussing the potential of the approach in conjunction with local and international stakeholders with a view to starting MSWM projects. The results of the analysis allow for the consideration of energy recovery and materials recycling as the main methods by which the environmental impact of MSW can be reduced, as has also been reported by other LCA studies conducted with full licensing of the relevant software. Moreover, the research is the basis for cooperative development projects that will adopt the LCA approach as the main assessment tool. The study discusses the importance of cooperation between universities and local governments for implementing new strategies for MSWM assessment and planning. The research is a contribution towards improving technical knowledge in developing countries for boosting sustainable development.

Landfill Gas Collection Efficiency at One Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 886-891
Author(s):  
Yue Sun ◽  
Dong Bei Yue ◽  
Run Dong Li ◽  
Ting Yang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Fugitive Emission ◽  
Sanitary Landfills

Collection efficiency is a key indicator for the design and evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill gas (LFG) collection and utilization system. Although most Chinese sanitary landfills have been equipped with LFG collection systems, there are no accurate data on collection efficiencies, lack of which always result in huge loss of LFG or investment. The fates of methane generated in a landfill include collection through LFG pipes, fugitive emission from the surface, and oxidation by methanotrophs. Field campaigns for measuring methane emission and oxidation were conducted at one landfill located in Beijing. Methane samples were collected by means of static flux chambers. The measurements were carried out at soil covered road and operating and slope surfaces. Two methods, i.e. landGEM model based and field measurement based estimation were used for calculating the collection efficiency in this research. The methane emission amount were 262.1 and 53222.4 m3 in July 2013 for the working and slope surfaces, respectively. The collection efficiency was 94.3% according to field measurement. Calculated with the LandGEM model, the collection efficiencies for 2011 and 2012 were 48.5 and 47.7% (k=0.09 yr-1) and 20.9 and 22.2% (k=0.3 yr-1), respectively. The estimation based on field measurement was more credible than the other, although the lateral migration and the storage insitu were naglected. The model method did not perform well probably due to the inapplicability of the landGEM model on this landfill, where the MSW was packed into small-subcells, and inaccurate parameter, k.

scholarly journals A selection method of municipal solid waste reduction in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
S Septarini ◽  
H S Huboyo ◽  
Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Area

Abstract Waste management is an important activity in human life that aims to find solutions to the waste problem. The province and local governments in Indonesia are responsible for waste management. The volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) in West Nusa Tenggara province, specifically in East Lombok, reached 2.792 m3/day. The public area for waste processing is technically limited. In East Lombok, there are 58 Transfer Post (TPS) units, although the majority are not operational. In East Lombok, the majority of the population (86.9%) did not separate their MSW. The volume of MSW in East Lombok, particularly MSW from urban areas, is affected by population expansion; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the best scenarios for implementation in the East Lombok district using four approaches: waste reduction through recycling, composting, incinerating and pyrolisis in the TPS. According to the modelling, scenarios 2 and 3 have the same impact on waste reduction. The percentage of total waste reduction can be seen. It has the potential to reduce complete waste by up to 50%. It applies to the method in East Lombok.

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