scholarly journals Encouraging Savings Behavior through Conditional Cash Transfers: Lessons from Latin America

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Gillian M. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Savings Behavior ◽  
The Poor

Savings, in the form of financial capital held in formal bank accounts, are an important factor in reducing poverty. They can stimulate financial inclusion of the poor, protect against unforeseen shocks, and fund long-term investments in human and economic development. However, the poor have limited options for formal savings. In recent years, governments around the world have begun to incorporate savings into their conditional cash transfer interventions. This paper focuses on such interventions by national and municipal governments in Latin America. While the evidence base is still too small to draw any firm conclusions about short-term benefits or long-term effectiveness, there have been positive outcomes from pilot projects and adapted savings-linked conditional cash transfer programs in some countries. To ensure successful program design and implementation, governments interested in savings-linked conditional cash transfers should make sure to fully assess the political, economic, regulatory, and infrastructural conditions present in their communities.

Nesting Expectations: What Can the Mexican and Argentinean Cash Transfers Tell Us about the Development of Development?

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Andrés Dapuez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transfer Programs

Latin American cash transfer programs have been implemented aiming at particular anticipatory scenarios. Given that the fulfillment of cash transfer objectives can be calculated neither empirically nor rationally a priori, I analyse these programs in this article using the concept of an “imaginary future.” I posit that cash transfer implementers in Latin America have entertained three main fictional expectations: social pacification in the short term, market inclusion in the long term, and the construction of a more distributive society in the very long term. I classify and date these developing expectations into three waves of conditional cash transfers implementation.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DAN PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Ayu Restianti
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Service Component ◽  
Education Service ◽  
Data Validity

This study seeks to a description the evaluation of health and education service of conditional cash transfers (Program Keluarga Harapan-PKH) based on an input, process, and output. It’s programme between 2016 until 2017 has been implemented in District of Jetis, Bantul. This paper demonstrates the results of the evaluation, though this results hoped input for the decision to programme repaired. This article, however, it seeks programme make good from health and education service component. Thus, I found Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) or Progam Keluarga Harapan (PKH) programme have signed for even distribution of education and accessibility for health services on simply, particularly of pregnant wife and suckle. The importance of indicators at programme successfully, data validity has been doing of maximal. So, the candidate of participant didn’t perfunctorily in this programme. Hence, participatory of people (non-candidate) in this programme, also make good of indicators, which can be interdependent of control form another side. Eventually, the candidate of their programme, if not meet a demand just like the rule of manual books on 2016, they are can the punishment of exhortation, greeting, and defeasance of the programme. I also, however, found the weakness of tease enough, i.e. the beneficiary still considers that conditional cash transfer is only for a moment’s need, not thinking about long-term interests. In turn, the process of alleviating poverty is only 'patching the wound' rather than treating it to its problem needs.[Studi ini berupaya mengkaji tentang evaluasi layanan kesehatan dan pendidikan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) berbasis input, proses pelaksanaan, dan output pada program yang sudah berjalan di Kec. Jetis, Bantul, dari tahun 2016 hingga 2017. Tujuan evaluasi yang telah dikaji, harapannya menjadi masukan bagi penentu kebijakan (decission) untuk memperbaiki program. Tulisan ini juga melihat keberhasilan program dari komponen layanan pendidikan dan kesehatan. Saya menemukan bahwa program Conditional Cash Transfers (CTT) atau PKH memiliki signifikansi nyata dalam pemerataan pendidikan dan akses yang mudah pada layanan kesehatan, terutama bagi ibu hamil dan menyusui. Indikator penting dalam keberhasilan program ini, validitas data berjalan secara maksimal, sehingga tidak asal dalam menentukan peserta penerima bantuan. Bukti keterlibatan masyarakat (non-peserta) dalam program juga menjadi indikator keberhasilan, sehingga bisa saling mengawasi antara satu sama lain. Alhasil, peserta yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban seperti aturan dalam buku pedoman 2016, mereka akan mendapat punishment mulai dari peringatan, teguran hingga pembatalan program bantuan. Namun saya juga menemukan kelemahan yang cukup mengusik, yaitu penerima manfaat masih menganggap bahwa bantuan langsung tunai bersyarat ini hanya untuk keperluan sesaat, tidak berpikir untuk kepentingan jangka panjang. Pada gilirannya, proses pengentasan kemiskinan hanya bersifat ‘menambal luka’ bukan mengobati hingga ke akar masalahnya (based needs).]

Do Conditional Cash Transfers Empower Women? Insights from Brazil’s Bolsa Família

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Natasha Borges Sugiyama ◽  
Wendy Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Programs ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTConditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) have emerged as an important social welfare innovation across the Global South in the last two decades. That poor mothers are typically the primary recipients of the grants renders easy, but not necessarily correct, the notion that CCTs empower women. This article assesses the relationship between the world’s largest CCT, Brazil’s Bolsa Família, and women’s empowerment. To systematize and interpret existing research, including our own, it puts forth a three-part framework that examines the program’s effects on economic independence, physical health, and psychosocial well-being. Findings suggest that women experience some improved status along all three dimensions, but that improvements are far from universal. A core conclusion is that the broader institutional context in which the Bolsa Família is embedded—that is, ancillary services in health and social assistance—is crucial for conditioning the degree of empowerment obtained.

Conditional Cash Transfers and the Effect on Recent Murder Rates in Brazil and Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Earl Lance
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

Abstract This article examines whether conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have had a significant effect on reducing murder rates in Mexico and Brazil, using time-series municipal-level data on murders in both countries. The findings, over the period 2005–8, show that the greater the proportion of beneficiaries enrolled in a CCT program in each municipality, the lower the number of murders. There are, however, important differences between the two countries, with a much larger effect in Brazil than in Mexico. This holds even when controlling for GDP and levels of development.

scholarly journals From Fome Zero to Bolsa Família: Social Policies and Poverty Alleviation under Lula

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY HALL
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bolsa Familia

Under the administrations of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2002) and especially President Lula (2003–), conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have become adopted as mainstream social policy in Brazil. This follows a marked trend since the 1990s in Latin America towards the setting up of targeted safety nets to alleviate poverty. Lula consolidated and expanded CCTs, firstly under Fome Zero and later Bolsa Família, now the largest such scheme in the world. Its four sub-programmes (educational stipends to boost school attendance, maternal nutrition, food supplements and a domestic gas subsidy) benefit some 30 million of Brazil's poorest people, with a target of 44 million by 2006. Since 2003, spending on Bolsa Família has risen significantly to consume over one-third of the social assistance budget for the poorest sectors and it remained a flagship policy in the run-up to the presidential elections of October 2006. Although coverage of Bolsa Família is impressive, however, systematic evaluation of its social and economic impacts is still lacking. Evidence from other CCT programmes in Latin America suggests that positive results may be achieved in terms of meeting some immediate needs of the poor. However, there have been many implementation problems. These include poor beneficiary targeting, lack of inter-ministerial coordination, inadequate monitoring, clientelism, weak accountability and alleged political bias. Given the heightened profile of cash transfers in Brazil's social policy agenda, key questions need to be asked. These concern, firstly, the extent to which Bolsa Família does indeed contribute to poverty alleviation; and secondly, whether it creates greater dependence of the poor on government hand-outs and political patronage at the expense of long-term social investment for development.

Adoption and Evolution of Cash Transfer Programs in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián A. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Robust Evidence

The last two decades witnessed an unprecedented decline in poverty across the developing world, a decline partly explained by the adoption of social cash transfer programs. Ironically, Latin America, traditionally the world’s most unequal region, has been a global trendsetter in this regard. Beginning in the late 1990s, governments across the region and across the ideological spectrum began adopting conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, which award poor families regular stipends conditional on their children attending school and/or getting regular medical check-ups, and non-contributory pension (NCP) schemes for low-income and/or uncovered seniors. There is robust evidence that CCT programs achieve their short-term goals of reducing poverty while increasing school attendance and usage of health services. However, they do not improve learning and appear to be failing at their long-term goal of breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Likely as a result of low-quality education, long-term CCT beneficiaries do not have significantly better economic prospects than comparable non-beneficiaries. CCTs also have electoral effects—there is robust evidence from across the region that they increase support for incumbent presidential candidates. CCTs were a response to the two big transformations the region underwent during the 1980s: the debt crisis and subsequent lost decade and the transition of most countries to democracy. Increased economic insecurity following the crisis and subsequent neoliberal reforms represented both a threat to the survival of newly elected governments and an opportunity for politicians to win over voters through increased social assistance. Pioneered by Mexico and Brazil in the mid-1990s, CCTs were by far the most effective policies to emerge from that context. They quickly diffused across the region, often with support from international financial institutions. Counterintuitively, adoption appears to be unrelated to the ascendance of left-wing governments in the region during the 2000s. The politics of CCT design are less understood. The myriad ways in which design can be conceptualized and measured, combined with the relative newness of this literature, have limited the accumulation of knowledge. It does appear that left-wing governments adopt more expansive CCTs and de-emphasize conditionality enforcement. Whereas their initial adoption and expansion, which coincided with the 2000s economic boom, proved politically easy, further reductions in poverty will require politically difficult choices, namely, raising taxes and/or redirecting funds away from programs benefiting the better-off. Improving the long-term effectiveness of CCTs will require improving education quality, which in turn will require challenging the region’s powerful teachers’ unions.

scholarly journals Influence of publicly funded conditional cash transfer programms on utilization patterns of healthcare services for acute childhood illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Rajan Srinivasan ◽  
Santhosh K Ganesan ◽  
Prasanna S Premkumar ◽  
Gagandeep Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Childhood Illnesses ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Immunization Services

Abstract Background Conditional cash transfers are widespread and effective for utilization of targeted health services, but there is little evidence of their influence on the utilization of non-targeted or extended general healthcare services. Using data from a population-based health utilization survey, we evaluated the influence of conditional cash transfers for maternal and immunization services on the utilization of healthcare services for acute childhood illnesses. Methods Participants included mothers or primary caretakers of children <2 y of age residing in 2407 households in urban Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Mothers of children with illness in the preceding month were interviewed on presenting symptoms, provider choice and beneficiary status of maternal and immunization-based conditional cash transfer programs. Results Of 2407 children <2 y of age, about 48% reported being beneficiaries of maternal and immunization-based conditional cash transfers. Beneficiary status was associated with an increased use of public services (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 3.14 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.96 – 5.02]) but not the use of private services (aRR 1.42 [95% CI 0.97 – 2.08]) relative to home or informal care. Conclusions Our findings indicate financial incentives for use of maternal and immunization services could have an indirect, non-targeted effect on utilization of formal healthcare for acute childhood illnesses.

scholarly journals The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) to Socio-Economic of Poor Families; A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Dulkiah ◽  
Avid Leonardo Sari ◽  
Irwandi Irwandi
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Impact

Poverty is a multidimensional problem such as political dimension, social dimension, environmental dimension, economic dimension and asset dimension. Indonesian government creates program to alleviate poverty. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is one of Indonesian government program. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a social protection program through the provision of conditional cash transfers to very poor families. This program focuses on improving the quality of life to achieve social welfare through behavioral changes to education and health. The article aims to explore the impact of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) on the socio-economic of poor families in Linggo Sari Baganti district,  Pesisir Selatan regency. Data were collected from interviews, observations, and documentation by referring to descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Research findings evaluate the provision of Conditional Cash Transfers. It has not been effective in improving the socio-economic life of poor families in Linggo Sari Baganti district, Pesisir Selatan regency.

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi pada Keluaga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Exit Mandiri di Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabuoaten Pringsewu dalam Perspektif The Most Significant Change Technique (MSCt)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
Ainun Oktavia Sari ◽  
◽  
Rahayu Sulistyowati ◽  
Ita Prihantika ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Change Technique ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Impact

The Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) is a conditional social cash transfer program that provides assistance to Very Poor Households (RTSM) appointed as participants in the Conditional Cash Transfer program which is related to improving the quality of human life through education and health. This study aims to analyze the impact of Conditional Cash Transfers on ex-families who receive of Conditional Cash Transfers who go out independently in Pagelaran District with indicators of changes in economic conditions, changes in health quality, and changes in the quality of education. In evaluating the impact of this program, the researcher used the impact evaluation theory using The Most Significant Change technique (MSC) which is a participatory monitoring and evaluation technique that aims to obtain information about the most important changes in family life resulting from participation in poverty programs. The results of this study indicate that the Conditional Cash Transfer in Pagelaran District has a changing impact on the Former Beneficiary Family both positive and negative. Seen from the positive impact, the Former Beneficiary Family have experienced changes for the better, especially in the fields of economy and education. However, there has been change in the health sector because the informant of the Former Beneficiary Family in Pagelaran District was the recipient of assistance in the education sector. However, the negative side is the lack of compliance of former recipient families when they become participants in education.

Conditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Progresa/Oportunidades

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Parker ◽  
Petra E. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Program Effects ◽  
Development Evaluation

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs innovate by conditioning transfers to poor families on investments in the human capital of children and other family members. The Mexican CCT program Progresa/Oportunidades began in 1997 and has served as a model for many of the now over sixty countries with CCTs around the world, in large part due to its initial evaluation with an experimental design and numerous follow-up studies. This article reviews the literature on the development, evaluation, and findings of Progresa/Oportunidades, summarizing what is known about program effects, taking into account corrections for multiple-hypothesis testing. ( JEL H23, I18, I28, I32, I38, O15)

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