Mechanical characterization of miniaturized functional substrates and components in different environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000085-000091
Author(s):  
Raul Bermejo ◽  
Clemens Krautgasser ◽  
Marco Deluca ◽  
Martin Pletz ◽  
Peter Supancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Biaxial Testing ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Functional Components

Functional components such as multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramics are examples of the combination of a ceramic-based substrate with internal electrodes as well as surface features (e.g. metallization, contacting pads, cylindrical vias, etc) employed to provide the component with a given functionality. Another example is that of functionalized silicon chips to be embedded into polymer circuit boards in order to enhance integration and save costs. The functionality of the system can be influenced by the mechanical reliability of the different components. Due to miniaturization and design complexity, no standard methods for mechanical testing can be applied for the characterization of these brittle components. In this work, an experimental approach is presented, which enables determining the strength distribution in functional components (e.g. rectangular plates as small as 2 × 2 × 0.1 mm3) in different environments at different temperatures. The method is based on localized biaxial testing using a ball-on-three-balls fixture. The high accuracy of the test allows quantifying the effect of surface quality, surface features and/or metallization (e.g. contact pads or cylindrical vias) on the component strength distribution. Experimental findings show that the strength distribution of ceramic components can be affected by environmental degradation, whereby subcritical crack growth phenomena can be enhanced in environments with high relative humidity. In addition, metallization at the surface subjected to tensile stresses can even raise the strength of the component, acting as a protective layer against environmental degradation, whereas cylindrical vias can become weak points in the design. It is shown that functionalized layers such as those used in silicon chips can have a significant effect on the strength parameters, thus influencing the lifetime of the device.

Evaluation of Mechanical Strength of Miniaturized Functional Substrates and Components in Different Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Raul Bermejo ◽  
Clemens Krautgasser ◽  
Marco Deluca ◽  
Martin Pletz ◽  
Peter Supancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Biaxial Testing ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Functional Components

Functional components such as multilayer, low-temperature cofired ceramics are examples of the combination of a ceramic-based substrate with internal electrodes as well as surface features (e.g., metallization, contacting pads, and cylindrical vias) employed to provide the component with a given functionality. Another example is that of functionalized silicon chips to be embedded into polymer circuit boards to enhance integration and save costs. The functionality of the system can be influenced by the mechanical reliability of the different components. Due to miniaturization and design complexity, no standard methods for mechanical testing can be applied for the characterization of these brittle components. In this work, an experimental approach is presented that enables the determination of the strength distribution in functional components (e.g., rectangular plates as small as 2 ×2 ×0.12 mm3) in different environments at different temperatures. The method is based on localized biaxial testing using a ball-on-three-balls fixture. The high accuracy of the test allows quantification of the effect of surface quality, surface features, and/or metallization (e.g., contact pads or cylindrical vias) on the component strength distribution. Experimental findings show that the strength distribution of ceramic components can be affected by environmental degradation, whereby subcritical crack growth phenomena can be enhanced in environments with high relative humidity. In addition, metallization at the surface subjected to tensile stresses can even raise the strength of the component, acting as a protective layer against environmental degradation, whereas cylindrical vias can become weak points in the design. It is shown that functionalized layers such as those used in silicon chips can have a significant effect on the strength parameters, thus influencing the lifetime of the device.

scholarly journals Chemical Durability of Glass Containing Srp Waste - Leachability Characteristics, Protective Layer Formation, and Repository System Interactions

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Wicks ◽  
Barbara M. Robnett ◽  
W. Duncan Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Protective Layer ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms ◽  
Leaching Models ◽  
Surface Layer Formation

Leachability is one of the most important properties of solidified nuclear waste forms because it provides information on the performance and the subsequent safety and reliability that the waste products will possess. One of the most important experimental findings in the leachability field has been the discovery and subsequent detailed characterization of protective surface layers that form on waste glass during leaching. These layers can have a beneficial effect on product performance while in storage by improving productdurability with time. As a result of surface layer formation and the effects on subsequent product leaching characteristics, new qualitative and quantitative leaching models have recently been proposed.

scholarly journals Characterization of swelling behavior of carbon nano-filler modified polydimethylsiloxane composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110061
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Balakrishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Pierre Mertiny
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Carbon Based

Polymers may absorb fluids from their surroundings via the natural phenomenon of swelling. Dimensional changes due to swelling can affect the function of polymer components, such as in the case of seals, microfluidic components and electromechanical sensors. An understanding of the swelling behavior of polymers and means for controlling it can improve the design of polymer components, for example, for the previously mentioned applications. Carbon-based fillers have risen in popularity to be used for the property enhancement of resulting polymer composites. The present investigation focuses on the effects of three carbon-based nano-fillers (graphene nano-platelets, carbon black, and graphene nano-scrolls) on the dimensional changes of polydimethylsiloxane composites due to swelling when immersed in certain organic solvents. For this study, a facile and expedient methodology comprised of optical measurements in conjunction with digital image analysis was developed as the primary experimental technique to quantify swelling dimensional changes of the prepared composites. Other experimental techniques assessed polymer cross-linking densities and elastic mechanical properties of the various materials. The study revealed that the addition of certain carbon-based nano-fillers increased the overall swelling of the composites. The extent of swelling further depended on the organic solvent in which the composites were immersed in. Experimental findings are contrasted with published models for swelling prediction, and the role of filler morphology on swelling behavior is discussed.

Experimental Investigation of Laser Sintering of Conductive Adhesive for Functional Prototypes Produced by Embedding Stereolithography

2014 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Bernd Niese ◽  
Philipp Amend ◽  
Uwe Urmoneit ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Michael Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Conductive Adhesive ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Building Process ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Functional Components

Embedding stereolithography (eSLA) is an additive, hybrid process, which provides a flexible production of 3D components and the ability to integrate electrical and optical conductive structures and functional components within parts. However, the embedding of conductive circuits in stereolithography (SLA) parts assumes usage of process technologies, which enables their direct integration of conductive circuits during the layer-wise building process. In this context, a promising method for in-situ generation of conductive circuits is dispensing of conductive adhesive on the current surface of the SLA part and its subsequent sintering. In this paper, the laser sintering (λ = 355 nm) of conductive adhesive mainly consisting of silver nanoparticles is investigated. The work intends to evaluate the curing behavior of the conductive adhesive, the beam-matter-interactions and the thermal damage of the SLA substrate. The investigations revealed a fast and flexible laser sintering process for the generation of conductive circuits with sufficient electrical conductivity and sufficient current capacity load. In this context, a characterization of the conductive structures is done by measuring their electrical resistance and their potential current capacity load.

Physicochemical and Biological Treatability Studies on Surfactant Wastewaters

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Çeçen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Liquid Type ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Anionic Surface

Laboratory-scale physicochemical and biological treatability studies were performed on wastewaters discharged from an industry producing household and heavy-duty detergents of powder and liquid type. The characterization of effluents led to the conclusion that the industry was highly pollutant in terms of BOD5, COD, surfactant, phosphorus, oil-grease, suspended solids and pH. By the use of lime in the precipitation stage about 80 % of COD and more than 90 % of phosphorus and anionic surface active agents could be removed. Following the treatment with lime the biodegradation of these wastewaters was investigated in continuously fed activated sludge units. The biokinetic constants of the reaction were determined as k = 0.76 d−1, Ks = 972 mg/l COD, a = 0.58 mg O2/mg COD, b = 0.044 mg O2/mg MLVSS.d. The experimental findings were used in the design of a full-scale treatment system.

scholarly journals MODIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CEIBA PENTANDRA (L.) GAERTN. (KAPOK) FIBER: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Eduart Wolok ◽  
Idham Halid Lahay ◽  
Buyung R. Machmoed ◽  
Fahriadi Pakaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Kapok Fiber ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Kapok Fibers

Kapok fiber is a natural material that has unique properties, can be renewed with a large lumen, it has hydrophobic properties, as an absorbent in oil, heavy metals, and sound. To increase the absorption capacity of heavy metals, physical properties, and chemical resistance, modifications were made to change the fiber properties from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. One way is through the process of soaking the kapok fibers in a solvent to remove non-cellulose compounds. In this study, to improve the properties of kapok fiber, soaking has been done with various solutions, there are HCl, NaOH, NaClO, NaClO-NaOH-NaClO, and NaClO2-NaOH-NaClO2 solution. Immersion of kapok fibers in NaClO2-NaOH-NaClO2 solution can increase cellulose content up to 93.69% with porosity content of 4.75%. NaClO2-NaOH-NaClO2-treated can absorb water up to 211.27%, the second highest after treatment with the NaClO-NaOH-NaClO-treated solution of 285.29%. Immersion in NaClO-NaOH-NaClO and NaClO2-NaOH-NaClO2 solvents also causes damage to the kapok fiber protective layer which indicates the loss of lignin, so that a significant change of the hydrophobic fiber becomes hydrophilic as seen in the SEM results.

scholarly journals Exciton g-factors in monolayer and bilayer WSe2 from experiment and theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Förste ◽  
Nikita V. Tepliakov ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Kruchinin ◽  
Jessica Lindlau ◽  
Victor Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide ◽  
Layer Transition ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Indirect Excitons ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Abstract The optical properties of monolayer and bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors are governed by excitons in different spin and valley configurations, providing versatile aspects for van der Waals heterostructures and devices. Here, we present experimental and theoretical studies of exciton energy splittings in external magnetic field in neutral and charged WSe2 monolayer and bilayer crystals embedded in a field effect device for active doping control. We develop theoretical methods to calculate the exciton g-factors from first principles for all possible spin-valley configurations of excitons in monolayer and bilayer WSe2 including valley-indirect excitons. Our theoretical and experimental findings shed light on some of the characteristic photoluminescence peaks observed for monolayer and bilayer WSe2. In more general terms, the theoretical aspects of our work provide additional means for the characterization of single and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides, as well as their heterostructures, in the presence of external magnetic fields.

Preparation and Characterization of Ni/ZrCoCe Stack Getter Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Yao Zong Sui ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of the ZrCoCe getter, highly porous Ni/ZrCoCe stack getter films were grown by the magnetron sputtering method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicate that the Ni/ZrCoCe stack film is composed of isolated columns. The film surface with cauliflower-like topography is formed among finely packed nanocrystals. Gas sorption investigation shows that the Ni/ZrCoCe stack film can be activated at 300 °C for 30 min and exhibits more favorable sorption capability than ZrCoCe bi-layered film. XPS results show that the Ni protective layer can play an important role in protecting the ZrCoCe film against oxidation. It can also improve the surface dissociation and diffusion of H2.

scholarly journals Thiocarbohydrazones Based on Adamantane and Ferrocene as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Hydrochloric Acid Pickling of C-Steel

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Abdelwahed R. Sayed ◽  
Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Inhibition Performance ◽  
Experimental Findings

N′-(adamantan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothiohydrazide and 2-(ferrocenyl-1-ylidene) hydrazinecarbothiohydrazide are used in coordination and organometallic complexes. The important idea of the research in this paper is the principal to prepare thiocarbohydrazones from the reaction of 2-acetylferrocene (Fe-Th) or 2-adamantanone (Ad-Th) with carbonothioic dihydrazide. The materials were elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. The as-prepared compounds were applied as effective corrosion inhibitors for HCl pickling of C-steel. Detailed investigations on electrochemical (open circuit potential (OCP) vs. time, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) techniques and surface morphology studies are introduced in this work. Results indicated that Fe-Th could deliver greater inhibition performance than Ad-Th, and the highest protection capacity values of 93.6% (Ad-Th) and 97.9% (Fe-Th) were accomplished at 200 ppm. The adsorption of Ad-Th or Fe-Th additives followed the Langmuir isotherm with both the chemical and the physical adsorption with chemisorption predominance. EIS measurements supported a betterment in the capacitive behavior with the corrosion inhibitors. The inhibitors exhibited a mixed-type behavior as observed from the PDP studies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies emphasize the occurrence of a protective layer of the as-synthesized organic inhibitors on the C-steel interface. Theoretical studies (density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations) provide appropriate support for the experimental findings. The existing report provides very significant consequences in formulating and designing novel thiocarbohydrazone inhibitors with high protection efficacy.

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