scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Repair and Metabolic Bone Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita H. Undale ◽  
Jennifer J. Westendorf ◽  
Michael J. Yaszemski ◽  
Sundeep Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone

scholarly journals Insulin Signaling in Bone Marrow Adipocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Tencerova ◽  
Meshail Okla ◽  
Moustapha Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Bone Marrow Adipocytes ◽  
Metabolic Bone

Abstract Purpose of Review The goal of this review is to discuss the role of insulin signaling in bone marrow adipocyte formation, metabolic function, and its contribution to cellular senescence in relation to metabolic bone diseases. Recent Findings Insulin signaling is an evolutionally conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolism and longevity. Bone is an insulin-responsive organ that plays a role in whole body energy metabolism. Metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes increase a risk of fragility fractures along with increased bone marrow adiposity. In obesity, there is impaired insulin signaling in peripheral tissues leading to insulin resistance. However, insulin signaling is maintained in bone marrow microenvironment leading to hypermetabolic state of bone marrow stromal (skeletal) stem cells associated with accelerated senescence and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes in obesity. Summary This review summarizes current findings on insulin signaling in bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal (skeletal) stem cells and its importance for bone and fat metabolism. Moreover, it points out to the existence of differences between bone marrow and peripheral fat metabolism which may be relevant for developing therapeutic strategies for treatment of metabolic bone diseases.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of MSCs in Bone Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Medhat ◽  
Clara I. Rodríguez ◽  
Arantza Infante
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
A Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into multilineage cells, thus making them a significant prospect as a cell source for regenerative therapy; however, the differentiation capacity of MSCs into osteoblasts seems to not be the main mechanism responsible for the benefits associated with human mesenchymal stem cells hMSCs when used in cell therapy approaches. The process of bone fracture restoration starts with an instant inflammatory reaction, as the innate immune system responds with cytokines that enhance and activate many cell types, including MSCs, at the site of the injury. In this review, we address the influence of MSCs on the immune system in fracture repair and osteogenesis. This paradigm offers a means of distinguishing target bone diseases to be treated with MSC therapy to enhance bone repair by targeting the crosstalk between MSCs and the immune system.

Is oral health correlated with skeletal phenotype in primary metabolic bone diseases? A preliminary report of the Greek experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemis Doulgeraki ◽  
Margarita Gatzogianni ◽  
Andreas Agouropoulos ◽  
Helen Athanasopoulou ◽  
Georgios Polyzois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Skeletal Phenotype

Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1987
Author(s):  
Cristian Trambitas ◽  
Anca Maria Pop ◽  
Alina Dia Trambitas Miron ◽  
Dorin Constantin Dorobantu ◽  
Flaviu Tabaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Large bone defects are a medical concern as these are often unable to heal spontaneously, based on the host bone repair mechanisms. In their treatment, bone tissue engineering techniques represent a promising approach by providing a guide for osseous regeneration. As bioactive glasses proved to have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the aim of our study was to evaluate by histologic examination, the differences in the healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects filled with bioactive glass combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, compared to negative controls. We used 16 male Wistar rats subjected to a specific protocol based on which 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with Bon Alive S53P4 bioactive glass and adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered control. At intervals of one week during the following month, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically examined and compared. The results showed that this biomaterial was biocompatible and the first signs of osseous healing appeared in the third week. Bone Alive S53P4 bioactive glass could be an excellent bone substitute, reducing the need of bone grafts.

scholarly journals Genetic approaches to metabolic bone diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadil M. Hannan ◽  
Paul J. Newey ◽  
Michael P. Whyte ◽  
Rajesh V. Thakker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Bone

How Wnt Signaling Affects Bone Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Bone Marrow

2005 ◽  
Vol 1049 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARL A. GREGORY ◽  
WILLIAM G. GUNN ◽  
EMIGDIO REYES ◽  
ANGELA J. SMOLARZ ◽  
JAMES MUNOZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Bone Repair
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