scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Four Tree Legumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premananda Das
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Friable Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Somatic embryogenesis was achieved in four leguminous tree species, that is, Acacia catechu, Acacia arabica, Hardwickia binata, and Dalbergia sissoo using immature zygotic embryos as explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25–1.0 mg/l Kn (kinetin) and 2.0–3.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) or NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid) and 3% sucrose. MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0–1.5 mg/l Kn was noted to be most effective in inducing friable embryogenic callus (FEC); the number of somatic embryos per culture varied in MS medium supplemented with 1.0–2.0 mg/l 2,4-D or NAA and 0.25–1.5 mg/l kinetin. The maximum number of somatic embryos was obtained in MS medium containing 1.5–2.0 mg/l 2,4-D or NAA and 1.0–1.5 mg/l kinetin; proliferation of embryogenic calli was enhanced in cultures having 1.0–2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 1.0–1.5 mg/l kinetin, and 400–600 mg/l L-Proline. The somatic embryos in various shapes and sizes after the first subculture on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 0.25 mg/l BA; developed shoots and rooted in strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA or IAA. The somatic embryo-derived plantlets were transferred to the field after being hardened in the climate-controlled hardening chamber.

scholarly journals Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Gentiana straminea Maxim

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guomin Shi ◽  
Lina Yang ◽  
Tao He
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Protoplast Culture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractA protocol is described for plant regeneration from protoplasts of Gentiana straminea Maxim. via somatic embryogenesis. Protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic calli in an enzyme solution composed of 2% Cellulase Onozuka R-10, 0.5% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Hemicellulase, and 0.5 M sorbitol with a yield of 3.0 × 106 protoplasts per gram of fresh weight. Liquid, solid-liquid double layer (sLD) and agar-pool (aPL) culture systems were used for protoplast culture. The aPL culture was the only method that produced embryogenic, regenerative calli. With aPL culture, the highest frequencies of protoplast cell division and colony formation were 39.6% and 16.9%, respectively, on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L N6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Microcalli were transferred to solid MS medium containing a reduced concentration of 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L) to promote the formation of embryogenic calli. Somatic embryos developed into plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA at a rate of 43.7%.

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kulothungan ◽  
A. Ganapathi ◽  
A. Shajahan ◽  
K. Kathiravan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Embryogenic callus was induced from seedling leaf explants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C152 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg 1−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The maximum frequency of somatic embryogenesis was noticed when this callus was transferred to MS liquid medium supplemented with 2 mg 1−1 2,4-D. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells destined to become somatic embryos divided into spherical or filamentous proembryos. Subsequent divisions in the proembryo led to globular, heart, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Tiny plantlets were obtained by transferring the cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos to MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1−1 2,4-D.

scholarly journals The Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid on Biomass Increment, Rhizogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis of Suspension-cultured Dinh Lang Cells [Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T.B. Phuong ◽  
V.P. Trung ◽  
N.H. An ◽  
N.D. Tuan ◽  
P.T.T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Background: Dinh Lang [Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms] is a medicinal plant widely grown in Vietnam, with proven note-worthy health benefits. However, Dinh Lang’s amounts of triterpenoid saponins could not meet the need of the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, this study’s purpose is to figure out the optimal condition for raising Dinh Lang’s cell biomass, rhizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis to provide materials for bioactive compound productions. Methods: Different 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and α-naphthaleneacetic acid concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) were examined to determine the best amount of each plant growth regulator for raising cells’ biomass, rhizogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. In each treatment, two grams of eight-week-old calli were cultured in 50 mL of liquid MS medium. Result: It is demonstrated by the results that liquid MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid has the capacity of producing the highest numbers of somatic embryos (489 embryos per flask) and rooted cells (259.5 cells per flask), while the fresh weight of cells cultured in the medium given 1.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid reached its peak of 5.7 g.

scholarly journals High Frequency of Somatic Embryogenesis and Recover of Fertile Cucumber Plants

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula P. Chee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A simple procedure for regeneration of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett 76) from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants has been developed. Somatic embryogenesis was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 2.0 mg·liter-1 and kinetin at 0.5 mg·liter-1. Development of embryos was accomplished on MS medium with NAA at 1.0 mg·liter-1 and kinetin at 0.5 mg·liter-1. Eighty-five percent of the mature somatic embryos formed showed a typical bipolar structure. All developed into morphologically normal plantlets when transferred to MS medium containing no growth regulators. Chemical name used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Regeneration from Cotyledon Explants of Six Squash Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Gonsalves ◽  
Baodi Xue ◽  
Dennis Gonsalves
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Plantlet Production ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Six summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis using cotyledons excised from germinated or nongerminated seeds. Genotypes included were zucchini, commercial F1 hybrids, `President', `Seneca Zucchini', `Jade'; the noncommercial inbred line `Caserta Inbred 557311'; and two yellow squash hybrids `Dixie' and `Seneca Butterbar'. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated in induction medium containing 22.62 μm 2, 4-D, and embryos were germinated in maturation medium containing 0.27 μm NAA and 0.23 μm kinetin. Plants were elongated and rooted on basal medium without hormones. All media contained carbenicillin at 500 mg·liter–1. Sixty-one percent of the `Seneca Butterbar' cotyledons produced somatic embryos when kept on induction medium for 10 weeks. Overall, 7% of the initial explants produced plantlets, and regeneration efficiency was calculated as 0.3 plantlets per initial explant. The relative production of plants from cotyledons that were kept on induction medium for different time periods were determined for `Caserta Inbred 557311' and `Seneca Zucchini'. All cotyledons produced somatic embryos after 11 to 17 weeks on induction medium. However, plantlet production was optimal with explants kept on induction medium for 13 weeks for `Seneca Zucchini' and for 15 weeks for `Caserta Inbred 557311', producing an average of 4.5 and 9.3 plants per explant, respectively, from 90% to 70% of the explants. We recovered plants from all six cultivars; thus, our regeneration protocol may be applicable to other genotypes. The high percentage of regenerants obtained indicates that the regeneration method is efficient enough to be adapted successfully to squash transformation experiments. Chemical names used: α-carboxybenzylpenicillin (carbenicillin); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Anatomy of somatic embryogenesis in Carica papaya L.

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana A. Fernando ◽  
Murilo Melo ◽  
Marli K. M. Soares ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Mature zygotic embryos of Carica papaya L. ‘Sunrise Solo’ were used as explants for embryogenesis induction. The explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog culture medium supplemented with 2 mg.L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and incubated in darkness at 25+2°C. Histological analysis of callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis indicated occurrence of direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis development. Direct somatic embryo formation was observed from hypocotyledonary epidermic cells only from explant 18 days after inoculation. Somatic embryos formed indirectly were originated from embryogenic superficial cells of pre-embryonic complexes located on peripherical and on internal cell layers of callus 49 days after inoculation. Diverse morphological differences including disformed embryos were observed among the somatic embryos.

Somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos of Picea likiangensis

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyu Chen ◽  
Shanna Chen ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Yinbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis (SE) was successfully induced from mature zygotic embryos of seven families of Picea likiangensis (Franch.) Pritz after 20 weeks culture on initiation medium. Three basal media (one-half strength LM medium, one-half strength LP medium and improved LP medium) with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) were tested but only one-half strength LM medium supplemented with 2,4-D and 6-BA was successful for the embryogenic cultures (EC) initiation. The initiation frequencies of EC varied greatly from different families when culturing on the same initiation medium. The highest frequency (41.3%) was induced from one of the families on one-half strength LM medium supplemented with 3 mg L−1 2,4-D and 1.5 mg L−1 6-BA and 16.83% on average for seven families. EC were subcultured and proliferated on the same medium as the initiation one every 10 days. 3 lines of EC induced from the same family were applied in maturation experiment. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were observed after EC were transferred to maturation media of one-half strength LM medium containing 20-80 mg L−1 abscisic acid and 7.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000). However, one-half strength LM medium supplemented with 40 mg L−1 or 60 mg L−1 ABA and 7.5% PEG gave the best maturation and the 3 lines showed different ability in maturation. Over 80% cotyledonary somatic embryos germinated normally on DCR medium containing 0.2% activated carbon. The success on SE induction of the species has provided an effective clonal propagation method for this important tree’s genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus heldreichii culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Stojicic ◽  
Branka Uzelac ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Ljubinka Culafic ◽  
Snezana Budimir
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Immature Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Further Development

The potential for somatic embryogenesis in zygotic embryo and megagametophyte cultures of Pinus heldreichii was examined. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos at early stages of development. An induction frequency of up to 6.7% was obtained on Gresshoff and Doy medium in the presence of 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). Formation and further proliferation of embryogenic tissue were achieved upon transfer of explants to a medium with reduced levels of growth regulators. Somatic embryos are being cultured for further development. .

Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from embryos isolated from stored seeds of Picea glauca

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

White spruce (Picea glauca) embryogenic callus was obtained using 3- to 11-year-old seeds as a source of zygotic embryos. They were cultured on half-strength Litvay's medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 5 μM benzylaminopurine, 1 g/L casein hydrolysate, 500 mg/L glutamine, and 1% sucrose. The frequency of induction of embryogenic callus was significantly improved by incubation at 25 °C and by a 4-h imbibition of the seeds. The yield of embryogenic callus was significantly affected by the geographic provenance of the seeds and by their number of years in storage. A significant correlation was also found between the yield of embryogénie callus and the percentage of germination of the seedlot used. Even after 11 years of storage, 40% of the zygotic embryos could produce an embryogenic callus when dissected from seeds with a high germination rate. Somatic embryos were matured after transfer onto an embryo development medium composed of the same medium but including 6% sucrose, 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 5 μM kinetin. The somatic embryos developed further under in vitro conditions and were then transplanted into soil. The somatic embryoderived plantlets established in the greenhouse were similar to control plantlets obtained from germinated seeds. Mature embryos from stored seeds were shown to constitute a valuable source for white spruce somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Can Ethylene Inhibitors Enhance the Success of Olive Somatic Embryogenesis?

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajmal Bashir ◽  
Cristian Silvestri ◽  
Amelia Salimonti ◽  
Eddo Rugini ◽  
Valerio Cristofori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Stimulatory Action

An efficient in vitro morphogenesis, specifically through somatic embryogenesis, is considered to be a crucial step for the application of modern biotechnological tools for genetic improvement in olive (Olea europaea L.). The effects of different ethylene inhibitors, i.e., cobalt chloride (CoCl2), salicylic acid (SA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3), were reported in the cyclic somatic embryogenesis of olive. Embryogenic callus derived from the olive immature zygotic embryos of the cultivar Leccino, was transferred to the expression ECO medium, supplemented with the ethylene inhibitors at 20 and 40 µM concentrations. Among these, the maximum number of somatic embryos (18.6) was obtained in media containing silver nitrate (40 µM), followed by cobalt chloride (12.2 somatic embryos @ 40 µM) and salicylic acid (40 µM), which produced 8.5 somatic embryos. These compounds interfered on callus traits: white friable embryogenic calli were formed in a medium supplemented with 40 µM cobalt chloride and salicylic acid; in addition, a yellow-compact embryogenic callus appeared at 20 µM of all the tested ethylene inhibitors. The resulting stimulatory action of silver nitrate among all the tested ethylene inhibitors on somatic embryogenesis, clearly demonstrates that our approach can efficiently contribute to the improvement of the current SE protocols for olive.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document