scholarly journals Impact of Medical Therapy on Atheroma Volume Measured by Different Cardiovascular Imaging Modalities

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad C. N. Sinno ◽  
Mouaz Al-Mallah
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Atheroma Volume ◽  
The Impact

Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that affects most vascular beds. The gold standard of atherosclerosis imaging has been invasive intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Newer noninvasive imaging modalities like B-mode ultrasound, cardiac computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to assess these vascular territories with high accuracy and reproducibility. These imaging modalities have lately been used for the assessment of the atherosclerotic plaque and the response of its volume to several medical therapies used in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease. To study the impact of these medications on atheroma volume progression or regression, imaging modalities have been used on a serial basis providing a unique opportunity to monitor the effect these antiatherosclerotic strategies exert on plaque burden. As a result, studies incorporating serial IVUS imaging, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), B-mode ultrasound, electron beam computed tomography (EBCT), and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging have all been used to evaluate the impact of therapeutic strategies that modify cholesterol and blood pressure on the progression/regression of atherosclerotic plaque. In this review, we intend to summarize the impact of different therapies aimed at halting the progression or even result in regression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease evaluated by different imaging modalities.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuroimaging scan volumes at a teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092098866
Author(s):  
Daniel Thomas Ginat ◽  
James Kenniff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Academic Medical Centre ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to a widespread socioeconomic shutdown, including medical facilities in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on neuroimaging utilisation at an academic medical centre in the United States caused by this shutdown. Methods Exam volumes from 1 February 2020 to 11 August 2020 were calculated based on patient location, including outpatient, inpatient and emergency, as well as modality type, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. 13 March 2020 was designated as the beginning of the shutdown period for the radiology department and 1 May 2020 was designated as the reopening date. The scan volumes during the pre-shutdown, shutdown and post-shutdown periods were compared using t-tests. Results Overall, neuroimaging scan volumes declined significantly by 41% during the shutdown period and returned to 98% of the pre-shutdown period levels after the shutdown, with an estimated 3231 missed scans. Outpatient scan volumes were more greatly affected than inpatient scan volumes, while emergency scan volumes declined the least during the shutdown. In addition, the magnetic resonance imaging scan volumes declined to a greater degree than the computed tomography scan volumes during the shutdown. Conclusion The shutdown from the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial but transient impact on neuroimaging utilisation overall, with variable magnitude depending on patient location and modality type.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Investigation of Renal Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

This review explores the classification and evaluation of suspicious renal lesions across several radiologic imaging modalities. Diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are the primary modalities used to investigate questionable lesions found within the kidneys. Renal masses may range from completely benign to malignant. They are classified based on many different features and characteristics. These lesions may be simple cystic, complex cystic, or solid in nature. Masses may also exhibit varying degrees of vascularity, septations, and calcifications. The discussed imaging modalities have varying strengths, limitations, and implications for use. Imaging techniques may be used independently or in conjunction to best diagnose and treat a patient with a suspicious renal mass. The aim of this review was to describe the diagnostic value of the imaging modalities (DMS, CT, MRI, and CEUS) and their role in the evaluation of suspicious renal lesions.

scholarly journals Modern Imaging Modalities in the Assessment of Acute Stroke

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora K. Zlatareva ◽  
Nikoleta I. Traykova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Minor Stroke ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Abstract The AIM of this review was to present the modern concepts of diagnostic imaging in acute stroke. Neuroimaging in acute stroke aims at diagnosing the condition as early as possible and assessing the extent of parenchymal perfusion and the intracranial vessels patency. A modern approach would involve a combination of various imaging modalities as multidetector computed tomography and high field magnetic resonance imaging. A non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is used to detect hemorrhage or to identify early signs of ischemic stroke. CT angiography finds evidence of intravascular thrombi or significant stenoses, and CT perfusion displays brain tissue at risk of irreversible alterations that can be salvaged therapeutically. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a more sensitive modality than CT in diagnosing acute brain ischemia. MR diffusion-weighted imaging is more sensitive than conventional MR sequences in hyperacute stage. MR angiography as a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging method is used as an alternative modality to CT angiography. To find brain tissue at risk diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging modalities are used. The authors present briefly the modern neuroimaging modalities used in patients with transient ischemic attack, minor stroke and venous infarction. By combining different imaging techniques in a multimodal approach we can acquire the information necessary for therapeutic planning and differentiate patients who need thrombolysis.

scholarly journals HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Remodeling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Assessed Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2481-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Ben-Aicha ◽  
Laura Casaní ◽  
Natàlia Muñoz-García ◽  
Oriol Joan-Babot ◽  
Esther Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

Objective: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) role in atherosclerosis is controversial. Clinical trials with CETP (cholesterylester transfer protein)-inhibitors have not provided benefit. We have shown that HDL remodeling in hypercholesterolemia reduces HDL cardioprotective potential. We aimed to assess whether hypercholesterolemia affects HDL-induced atherosclerotic plaque regression. Approach and Results: Atherosclerosis was induced in New Zealand White rabbits for 3-months by combining a high-fat-diet and double-balloon aortic denudation. Then, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (basal plaque) and randomized to receive 4 IV infusions (1 infusion/wk) of HDL isolated from normocholesterolemic (NC-HDL; 75 mg/kg; n=10), hypercholesterolemic (HC-HDL; 75 mg/Kg; n=10), or vehicle (n=10) rabbits. Then, animals underwent a second magnetic resonance imaging (end plaque). Blood, aorta, and liver samples were obtained for analyses. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed that NC-HDL administration regressed atherosclerotic lesions by 4.3%, whereas, conversely, the administration of HC-HDLs induced a further 6.5% progression ( P <0.05 versus basal). Plaque characterization showed that HC-HDL administered animals had a 2-fold higher lipid and cholesterol content versus those infused NC-HDL and vehicle ( P <0.05). No differences were observed among groups in CD31 levels, nor in infiltrated macrophages or smooth muscle cells. Plaques from HC-HDL administered animals exhibited higher Casp3 (caspase 3) content ( P <0.05 versus vehicle and NC-HDL) whereas plaques from NC-HDL infused animals showed lower expression of Casp3, Cox1 (cyclooxygenase 1), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and MMP (metalloproteinase) activity ( P <0.05 versus HC-HDL and vehicle). HDLs isolated from animals administered HC-HDL displayed lower antioxidant potential and cholesterol efflux capacity as compared with HDLs isolated from NC-HDL-infused animal and vehicle or donor HDL ( P <0.05). There were no differences in HDL-ApoA1 content, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) vascular expression, and SRB1 (scavenger receptor B1) and ABCA1 liver expression. Conclusions: HDL particles isolated from a hypercholesterolemic milieu lose their ability to regress and stabilize atherosclerotic lesions. Our data suggest that HDL remodeling in patients with co-morbidities may lead to the loss of HDL atheroprotective functions.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus Computed Tomography and Different Imaging Modalities in Evaluation of Sinonasal Neoplasms Diagnosed by Histopathology

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CMENT.S10678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Gomaa ◽  
Moustafa S. Hammad ◽  
Abobakr Abdelmoghny ◽  
Ashraf M. Elsherif ◽  
Heba M. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Sinonasal Malignancies

Objective The study purpose was to detect the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to computed tomography (CT) and different imaging modalities as conventional radiology in evaluation of sinonasal neoplasms diagnosed by Histopathology. Methods Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) were complaining of symptoms related to sinonasal tract. After thorough clinical and local examination, the patients were subjected to the following: conventional radiography, CT, MRI, and histopathological examination. Results The nasal cavity was the most commonly involved site with sinonasal malignancies followed by the maxillary sinuses. The least commonly affected site was the frontal sinuses. Benign sinonasal tumors were present in 14 cases. The most common benign lesion was juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (6 cases), followed by inverted papilloma (3 cases). While malignant sinonasal tumors were present in 16 cases, squamous cell carcinoma was present in 5 cases, and undifferentiated carcinoma, in 3 cases. Lymphoepithelioma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were present in 2 cases each, while adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma were present in 1 case each. Conclusion MRI with its superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capability is superior to CT in pretreatment evaluation of primary malignant tumors of sinonasal cavity.

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in assessment of atherosclerotic plaque

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahi A. Fayad ◽  
Marc Sirol ◽  
Konstantin Nikolaou ◽  
Robin P. Choudhury ◽  
Valentin Fuster
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Comparison of Ultrasonography with other Imaging Modalities for Detection of Adnexal Torosion: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2840-2842
Author(s):  
Kiran Shakeel ◽  
Syeda Khadija-Tul-Sughra Murrium ◽  
Maria Yaseen ◽  
Alia Iqbal ◽  
Sara Yaseen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Adnexal Torsion ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Background: Adnexal Torsion (AT), serious emergency of gynecology, frequently shows among nonspecific signs prominent to late analysis. Aim: To compare the test accuracy of Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of adnexal torsion. Methodology: We observed google scholar as well as Radiographics key till Dec 2019. Assortment standards studies report upon Imaging Modality accuracy (index test) within paediatric and adult females alleged of adnexal torsion matched by clinical analysis or usual clinical or radiological follow up duration till symptoms firmness (reference standard). Results: We mark off 3836 references, comprised 18 Studies (1654 females, 665-cases), as well as comprised 15 into meta analyses, ultrasound pooled-sensitivity (n =12, 1187 females) was 0.79 (95% CI= 0.63 to 0.92) as well as specificity was 0.76 (95% CI= 0.54 to 0.93), by means of positive as well as negative probability fractions 4.35 (95% CI= 2.03 to 9.32) and 0.29 (95% CI= 0.13 to 0.66), correspondingly. By Doppler Ultrasound (n=7, 845 females) produced alike and specificity (0.88, 95% CI= 0.72 to 1.00) and sensitivity (0.80, 95% CI= 0.67 to 0.93). For magnetic resonance imaging (n=3, 99 females), pooled-sensitivity was 0.81 (95% CI=0.63 to 0.91) as well as specificity was 0.91 (95% CI= 0.80 to 0.96). Meta-analysis for Computed Tomography was impossible by 2 case control-studies as well as one cohort-study (n=3, 232 females). Its range of sensitivity was 0.74 to 0.95 as well as specificity 0.80 to 0.90. Conclusions: As a first line analytic examination for alleged AT, ultrasound has good performance. Increment in quantity of AT cases needs precise, rapid, as well as correct analytic extent. It has been utmost popular method as allied with further Imaging Modalities. MRI might compromise better specificity for investigating intricate morphology of ovary, nonetheless further proof is wanted. Beside with medical doubt as well as approximations. This study will offer sufficient appreciated evidence to understand sonographic markers impact during OT analysis precisely. Keywords: Adnexa, Computed Tomography, Doppler, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meta-analysis, Ovary, Test Accuracy,

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