Compendium of Food Additive Specifications - Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Expert Committee

scholarly journals Food additives: Risk analysis and legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Ivan Stanković ◽  
Milica Zrnić-Ćirić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Member States ◽  
Codex Alimentarius

Food additive is any substance not normally consumed as a food, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological purpose results in it or its by-products becoming a component of such foods. The use of each new additive is preceded by a risk analysis consisting of three interrelated components: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. At the international level in the Codex Alimentarius system, risk assessment is performed by the Joint (FAO/WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and risk management by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) that, based on the results of the risk assessment, prepares international standards and recommendations that Member States incorporate into national regulations. At the level of the European Union (EU), risk assessment is performed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as a basis for risk management by the European Commission (EC) that prepares food additive legislation, and member states authorities responsible for official control of additives on the market. Risk communication takes place between all stakeholders including academia, food producers and consumers. The regulation on additives in the Republic of Serbia is fully harmonized with the EU legislation in this area.

Micellization Behaviour of Cationic Surfactants in the Presence of Food Additives: Conductance and Spectroscopic Investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonika Arti ◽  
Neha Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Micellization Process

Aim: The micellization behavior of cationic surfactants have been studied in the presence of food additives. Objectives: Micellization behaviour of cationic surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) has been studied in water and in various concentrations of salts (food additives) L-glutamic acid, sodium propionate, sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and disodium tartrate dihydrate at (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K. Methods: Two methods used in the present study are specific conductance measurements and spectroscopy (NMR) studies. Results: From the specific conductance(κ), various parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), degree of ionization of micelle (α), standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGom), enthalpy (ΔHom), and entropy (ΔSom) of micellization have also been calculated. Thermodynamic parameters related to the micellization process were also analyzed through NMR studies. Conclusion: The CMC values are influenced by the presence of food additive. The magnitude of CMC values increase with increase in concentration of food additive. In all the cases, enthalpy of micellization, ∆Hom values are found to be negative whereas entropy of micellization, ∆S om values are positive which indicate that hydrophobic interactions play a major role in the micellization process. Also, NMR studies reveal that tartrate and citrate are more hydrated than glutamic acid and propionate, resulting in more downfield shift.

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF FOOD ADDITIVES, OBTAINED FROM GRAPE POMACE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. КОРНЕН ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
Т.А. ШАХРАЙ ◽  
В.И. МАРТОВЩУК ◽  
Е.В. КУЗЬМИНОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase Activity

Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности антиоксидантного и гепатопротекторного действия пищевых добавок, полученных из выжимки винограда белых сортов по различным технологиям, в экспериментах на лабораторных животных. Установлено, что пищевая добавка «Порошок виноградный» (ПВ), полученная из выжимки винограда белых сортов по разработанной технологии, позволяет, по сравнению с контрольным образцом пищевой добавки, в большей степени снизить в сыворотке крови содержание продуктов перекисного окисления липидов – малонового диальдегида, диеновых коньюгатов и кетодиенов, что свидетельствует о более высокой эффективности антиоксидантного действия ПВ на организм животных, обусловленной большим содержанием микронутриентов с антиоксидантными свойствами. Добавка ПВ проявляет более высокую эффективность гепатопротекторного действия, заключающуюся в значительном снижении уровня активности аланинаминотрансферазы в сыворотке крови, по сравнению с контрольным образцом добавки. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of antioxidant and hepatoprotective action of food additives which obtained from grape pomace white varieties for various technologies, was carried out in experiments on laboratory animals. It is established that the food additive “Grape Powder” (GP), obtained from the pomace of white grape varieties by the developed technology, allows, in comparison with the control sample of the food additive, to reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the serum to a greater extent – Malon dialdehyde, diene conjugates and ketodienes, which indicates a higher efficiency of antioxidant action of GP on the organism of animals, due to the high content of micronutrients with antioxidant properties. The additive GP shows a higher efficiency of hepatoprotective action, which consists in a significant reduction in the level of alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood serum, compared to the control sample of the additive.

scholarly journals The Food Additive Xanthan Gum Drives Adaptation of the Human Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Ostrowski ◽  
Sabina Leanti La Rosa ◽  
Benoit J. Kunath ◽  
Andrew Robertson ◽  
Gabriel Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Uncultured Bacterium

SummaryThe diets of industrialized countries reflect the increasing use of processed foods, often with the introduction of novel food additives. Xanthan gum is a complex polysaccharide with unique rheological properties that have established its use as a widespread stabilizer and thickening agent1. However, little is known about its direct interaction with the gut microbiota, which plays a central role in digestion of other, chemically-distinct dietary fiber polysaccharides. Here, we show that the ability to digest xanthan gum is surprisingly common in industrialized human gut microbiomes and appears to be contingent on the activity of a single bacterium that is a member of an uncultured bacterial genus in the family Ruminococcaceae. We used a combination of enrichment culture, multi-omics, and recombinant enzyme studies to identify and characterize a complete pathway in this uncultured bacterium for the degradation of xanthan gum. Our data reveal that this keystone degrader cleaves the xanthan gum backbone with a novel glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzyme before processing the released oligosaccharides using additional enzymes. Surprisingly, some individuals harbor a Bacteroides species that is capable of consuming oligosaccharide products generated by the keystone Ruminococcaceae or a purified form of the GH5 enzyme. This Bacteroides symbiont is equipped with its own distinct enzymatic pathway to cross-feed on xanthan gum breakdown products, which still harbor the native linkage complexity in xanthan gum, but it cannot directly degrade the high molecular weight polymer. Thus, the introduction of a common food additive into the human diet in the past 50 years has promoted the establishment of a food chain involving at least two members of different phyla of gut bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Food Bio-Additives on Chemical and Amino Acid Compositions of Cooked Sausages

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2108-2110
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Effect Of Food

Large number of various food additives is widely used in meat production. Sea cabbage, food additive “Laminaria” and “Iodactiv” added during preparing the sausages. Chemical analysis showed that cooked sausages with food additive “Laminaria” contains more protein, fat and mineral elements, such as calcium and iron than in other variants. The analysis of the nutritional and biological value of the developed cooked sausages shows that the degree of satisfaction of the balanced nutrition formula for most indicators mainly corresponds to the recommended biomedical requirements.

scholarly journals Characterization and Lifetime Dietary Risk Assessment of Eighteen Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides in New Zealand Honey

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Pearson ◽  
Jeane E. F. Nicolas ◽  
Jane E. Lancaster ◽  
C. Wymond Symes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Dietary Risk

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a large group of botanical toxins of concern, as they are considered genotoxic carcinogens, with long-term dietary exposure presenting an elevated risk of liver cancer. PAs can contaminate honey through honeybees visiting the flowers of PA-containing plant species. A program of monitoring New Zealand honey has been undertaken over several years to build a comprehensive dataset on the concentration, regional and seasonal distribution, and botanical origin of 18 PAs and PA N-oxides. A bespoke probabilistic exposure model has then been used to assess the averaged lifetime dietary risk to honey consumers, with exposures at each percentile of the model characterized for risk using a margin of exposure from the Joint World Health Organization and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) Benchmark Dose. Survey findings identify the typical PA types for New Zealand honey as lycopsamine, echimidine, retrorsine and senecionine. Regional and seasonal variation is evident in the types and levels of total PAs, linked to the ranges and flowering times of certain plants. Over a lifetime basis, the average exposure an individual will receive through honey consumption is considered within tolerable levels, although there are uncertainties over high and brand-loyal consumers, and other dietary contributors. An average lifetime risk to the general population from PAs in honey is not expected. However, given the uncertainties in the assessment, risk management approaches to limit or reduce exposures through honey are still of value.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KADAR RHODAMIN B PADA TERASI YANG DIPERJUALBELIKAN DI PASAR BELIK KABUPATEN PEMALANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Oden Krisyan ◽  
Retno Sulistiyowati ◽  
Kurniawan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Rhodamin B ◽  
Univariate Test ◽  
Flavor Enhancer

Abstract Terasi is a cooking spice made from fermented shrimp and is often found in the market. It is relatively affordable and easy to find, so people flavor it as a flavor enhancer for their food. The abuse of Rhodamine B as a Food Additive (BTP) in terasi is often done by the producers. This study aimed to analyze the Rhodamine B content in the terasi sold at the Pasar Belik, Pemalang Regency. The study was conducted in a descriptive observational manner where the sample was analyzed qualitatively and if the result were positive it would be followed by quantitative. The study was conducted in December 2020. Rhodamine B content in tersi was analyzed by univariate test. Qualitative analysis was carried out by chemical methods using 10% NaOH, Petroleum Eter and 10% HCl. The results of the qualitative analysis of 7 samples of shrimp paste sold at the Belik Market in Pemalang Regency were all negative and did not contain Rhodamine B. Shrimp samples that were bought and sold at the Pasar Belik in Pemalang Regency showed that they were free from Rhodamine B Keywords: rhodamine B, shrimp paste, qualitative analysis, food additives

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