Nature-based solutions in agriculture: Sustainable management and conservation of land, water and biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Maasri ◽  
Sonja Jähnig ◽  
Mihai Adamescu ◽  
Rita Adrian ◽  
Claudio Baigun ◽  
...  

Freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and the current biodiversity crisis requires defining bold goals and mobilizing substantial resources to meet the challenges. While the reasons are varied, both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind efforts in the terrestrial and marine realms. We identify fifteen pressing global needs to support informed global freshwater biodiversity stewardship. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated action towards its sustainable management and conservation.


Caldasia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Jorge Prada-Ríos ◽  
Néstor García

Attalea nucifera is an acaulescent palm native of Colombia that is in risk of extinction. Between 2016-2017 we evaluated the structure and density of populations in six localities of the Magdalena river valley, and studied the population dynamic in the locality of Guaduas, Cundinamarca (VC). Although the population structure differs among locations (X2 = 1819, gl = 25, P < 0.05), populations tend to group according to the degree of habitat perturbation. In four localities an inverted J population structure was observed. A matrix population model showed a finite growth rate (λ) of 0.979 (CI95 % = 0.962–0.997). The demographic processes of the permanence of seedlings, sub-adults and young adults show more elasticity. A transient dynamic simulation projected to 30 years shows that under the scenarios of paddock and cattle lopping the population size decrease drastically. The extinction threshold calculated for the population in the locality VC is of 145 years, but paddock and cattle lopping activities can reduce it to less than 40 years. Although Attalea nucifera persists in very disturbing locations in the Middle Magdalena Basin, the results of population dynamics in the locality VC suggest that it could be less tolerant of environmental disturbances. Thus, it is necessary to increase our knowledge of its population dynamics, as well as seed germination and seedling establishment in different disturbance conditions.


Author(s):  
David Lindenmayer ◽  
Mason Crane ◽  
Damian Michael ◽  
Esther Beaton

Australia's little known woodlands once covered huge areas of the eastern side of our continent. Woodlands are distinguished from forests by the fact that their canopies do not touch, tree heights are usually lower and they usually have a grassy understorey. They support a fascinating and diverse array of birds, mammals, reptiles, frogs, invertebrates and plants, and have been under massive pressure from grazing and agriculture over the past 200 years. In many cases only small remnant patches of some types of woodland survive. Understanding and appreciating woodlands is an important way forward for promoting their sustainable management and conservation. Woodlands: A Disappearing Landscape explains with lucid text and spectacular photographs the role that woodlands play in supporting a range of native plants and animals that has existed there for millions of years. The book is set out as a series of logically linked chapters working from the woodland canopy (the tree crowns), through the understorey, the ground layers, and to the lowest lying parts of landscape – wetlands, creeks and dams. Each chapter illustrates many key topics in woodland biology with text and images, explaining important aspects of woodland ecology as well as woodland management and conservation.


1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
D. Crawford

There has been recent interest shown by Australian State and Federal Ministers in New Zealand's Resource Management Act. 'What does this Act require of industry? where did it come from? what does it do and how much support does it have?', are the main questions asked by these Ministers. It appears that some Ministers in Australia may want to copy parts of the Act. The main thrusts of the legislation, its disadvantages and suggestions for improvements are discussed.The main points are summarised:Prior to 1991 the management and planning of resources and the environment within New Zealand was controlled by a myriad of Acts. In 1991 the Government repealed 54 pieces of legislation and replaced these with the Resource Management Act (RMA) and the Crown Minerals Act (CMA). These two pieces of legislation have had an enormous impact on petroleum exploration.Prior to 1991 the Town and Country Planning Act was the main Act responsible for providing guidance for planning processes with a focus of managing activities, whereas the focus of the RMA is the sustainable management of the effects of activities on natural and physical resources (land, water and air). The RMA provides that the harvesting of minerals is exempt from the sustainability requirement, but that the effects of exploration and mining activities on the environment are not.Industry is supportive of the approach that effects are to be managed, not the activities themselves, as it places all activities on a level playing field.There are some disadvantages of the RMA. If parts of the Act are to be copied by other countries, then it would be wise to avoid these.


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