scholarly journals Biosynthetic Pathway and Physiological Role of Galactose-Containing Oligosaccharides in Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (73) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotaka Tanaka ◽  
Kaoru Takegawa
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Physiological Role

scholarly journals Melatonin in yeast and fermented beverages: analytical tools for detection, physiological role and biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Muñiz-Calvo ◽  
Ricardo Bisquert ◽  
José M. Guillamón
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Fermented Beverages ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Melatonin Production

The recently established relation between the metabolism of aromatic amino acids of yeast and the production of different bioactive molecules during fermentation opens up new and interesting research topics. Among these molecules, melatonin has drawn researchers’ attention in the last decade given its potential benefits for human health. This review summarizes melatonin production in fermented beverages, and conventional and current methods for detecting melatonin in yeast-derived samples. In addition, the role of melatonin in yeast is discussed and the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin is presented in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Disruption of the alsSD operon of Enterococcus faecalis impairs growth on pyruvate at low pH

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 2708-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo D. Repizo ◽  
Pablo Mortera ◽  
Christian Magni
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Initial Ph

Diacetyl and acetoin are pyruvate-derived metabolites excreted by many micro-organisms, and are important in their physiology. Although generation of these four-carbon (C4) compounds in Enterococcus faecalis is a well-documented phenotype, little is known about the gene regulation of their biosynthetic pathway and the physiological role of the pathway in this bacterium. In this work, we identified the genes involved in C4 compound biosynthesis in Ent. faecalis and report their transcriptional analysis. These genes are part of the alsSD bicistronic operon, which encodes α-acetolactate synthase (AlsS) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (AlsD). Our studies showed that alsSD operon transcription levels are maximal during the exponential phase of growth, decreasing thereafter. Furthermore, we found that this transcription is enhanced upon addition of pyruvate to the growth medium. In order to study the functional role of the alsSD operon, an isogenic alsSD mutant strain was constructed. This strain lost its capacity to generate C4 compounds, confirming the role of alsSD genes in this metabolic pathway. In contrast to the wild-type strain, the alsSD-deficient strain was unable to grow in LB medium supplemented with pyruvate at an initial pH of 4.5. This dramatic reduction in growth parameters for the mutant strain was simultaneously accompanied by the inability to alkalinize the internal and external medium under these conditions. In sum, these results suggest that the decarboxylation reactions related to the C4 biosynthetic pathway give enterococcal cells a competitive advantage during pyruvate metabolism at low pH.

scholarly journals ATPase-dependent auto-phosphorylation of the open condensin hinge diminishes DNA binding

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 140193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Akai ◽  
Ryuta Kanai ◽  
Norihiko Nakazawa ◽  
Masahiro Ebe ◽  
Chikashi Toyoshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Atpase Domain ◽  
Structural Maintenance Of Chromosome ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome Condensation

Condensin, which contains two structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) subunits and three regulatory non-SMC subunits, is essential for many chromosomal functions, including mitotic chromosome condensation and segregation. The ATPase domain of the SMC subunit comprises two termini connected by a long helical domain that is interrupted by a central hinge. The role of the ATPase domain has remained elusive. Here we report that the condensin SMC subunit of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is phosphorylated in a manner that requires the presence of the intact SMC ATPase Walker motif. Principal phosphorylation sites reside in the conserved, glycine-rich stretch at the hinge interface surrounded by the highly basic DNA-binding patch. Phosphorylation reduces affinity for DNA. Consistently, phosphomimetic mutants produce severe mitotic phenotypes. Structural evidence suggests that prior opening (though slight) of the hinge is necessary for phosphorylation, which is implicated in condensin's dissociation from and its progression along DNA.

scholarly journals The Clp1/Cdc14 phosphatase contributes to the robustness of cytokinesis by association with anillin-related Mid1

2008 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Clifford ◽  
Benjamin A. Wolfe ◽  
Rachel H. Roberts-Galbraith ◽  
W. Hayes McDonald ◽  
John R. Yates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Contractile Ring ◽  
Protein Mobility ◽  
Functional Consequences

Cdc14 phosphatases antagonize cyclin-dependent kinase–directed phosphorylation events and are involved in several facets of cell cycle control. We investigate the role of the fission yeast Cdc14 homologue Clp1/Flp1 in cytokinesis. We find that Clp1/Flp1 is tethered at the contractile ring (CR) through its association with anillin-related Mid1. Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching analyses indicate that Mid1, unlike other tested CR components, is anchored at the cell midzone, and this physical property is likely to account for its scaffolding role. By generating a mutation in mid1 that selectively disrupts Clp1/Flp1 tethering, we reveal the specific functional consequences of Clp1/Flp1 activity at the CR, including dephosphorylation of the essential CR component Cdc15, reductions in CR protein mobility, and CR resistance to mild perturbation. Our evidence indicates that Clp1/Flp1 must interact with the Mid1 scaffold to ensure the fidelity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Distribution, Ecological Role, and Use of Biostimulants to Increase Their Content in Plant Foods—A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mannino ◽  
Carla Gentile ◽  
Andrea Ertani ◽  
Graziella Serio ◽  
Cinzia Margherita Bertea
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Demand

In the past century, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as innovative and sustainable practice. Plant biostimulants have been mainly investigated as potential agents able to mitigate abiotic stress. However, few information is available about their ability to influence fruit quality or change fruit phytochemical composition. In particular, very little is known about their effects on anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. Due to the increasing demand of consumers for healthier foods with high nutraceutical values, this review tries to fill the gap between anthocyanin content and biostimulant application. Here, we elucidate the chemical structure, biosynthetic pathway, plant distribution, and physiological role of anthocyanins in plants. Moreover, we discuss the potential implications for human health derived from the consumption of foods rich in these molecules. Finally, we report on literature data concerning the changes in anthocyanin content and profile after the application of biostimulant products on the most common anthocyanin-containing foods.

The role of catalase in hydrogen peroxide resistance in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Mutoh ◽  
Chiaki W. Nakagawa ◽  
Kenichiro Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast
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