scholarly journals Sulfation of Chondroitin Sulfate and Related Sugar Chains.

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (67) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osami Habuchi
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Sugar Chains

Sequencing of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides using a novel exolyase from a marine bacterium that degrades hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (22) ◽  
pp. 3831-3848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenshuang Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Cai ◽  
Naihan Han ◽  
Wenjun Han ◽  
Kazuyuki Sugahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Sugar Chains

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of chemically heterogeneous polysaccharides that play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Owing to the structural complexity of GAGs, their sophisticated chemical structures and biological functions have not been extensively studied. Lyases that cleave GAGs are important tools for structural analysis. Although various GAG lyases have been identified, exolytic lyases with unique enzymatic property are urgently needed for GAG sequencing. In the present study, a putative exolytic GAG lyase from a marine bacterium was recombinantly expressed and characterized in detail. Since it showed exolytic lyase activity toward hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS), it was designated as HCDLase. This novel exolyase exhibited the highest activity in Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.0) at 30°C. Especially, it showed a specific activity that released 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB)-labeled disaccharides from the reducing end of 2-AB-labeled CS oligosaccharides, which suggest that HCDLase is not only a novel exolytic lyase that can split disaccharide residues from the reducing termini of sugar chains but also a useful tool for the sequencing of CS chains. Notably, HCDLase could not digest 2-AB-labeled oligosaccharides from HA, DS, or unsulfated chondroitin, which indicated that sulfates and bond types affect the catalytic activity of HCDLase. Finally, this enzyme combined with CSase ABC was successfully applied for the sequencing of several CS hexa- and octasaccharides with complex structures. The identification of HCDLase provides a useful tool for CS-related research and applications.

Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosyltransferase-1 knockout shows milder phenotype in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis than in wild type

Glycobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rino Inada ◽  
Katsuichi Miyamoto ◽  
Noriko Tanaka ◽  
Kota Moriguchi ◽  
Kenji Kadomatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Proliferation Response ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Sugar Chains ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Abstract Proteoglycans (PGs) are one of the main components in the extracellular matrix of the central nervous system. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG), which is composed of major PGs. Similar to keratin sulfate (KS), another GAG, CS inhibits axon regeneration. However, the influence of these GAGs on the pathogenicity of neuroimmunological diseases is unclear. Here, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice lacking CS N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 (CSGalNAcT1-KO), an important enzyme for CS synthesis. In our study, CSGalNAcT1-KO mice showed milder EAE symptoms than those in wild-type (WT) mice. The recall response of antigen-specific lymphocytes showed that CSGalNAcT1-KO-derived lymphocytes had a milder cell proliferation response than that in WT-derived lymphocytes. These results suggest that CS contributes toward the induction phase of EAE. We previously performed EAE experiments in GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase KO (GlcNAc6ST-KO) and C6ST1-KO mice, which had reduced KS and reduced CS-C, respectively. EAE in CSGalNAcT1-KO mice was more similar to that in GlcNAc6ST-KO mice than in C6ST1-KO mice. In conclusion, the distinct GAG sugar chains are associated with severe or mild phenotypes of EAE and are therefore potential new therapeutic targets for neuroimmunological diseases, including multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan Windpipe modulates Hedgehog signaling in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-824
Author(s):  
Masahiko Takemura ◽  
Fredrik Noborn ◽  
Jonas Nilsson ◽  
Nanako Bowden ◽  
Eriko Nakato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Extracellular Domain ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sugar Chains

Using a recently developed glycoproteomic method, we identified a novel chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, Windpipe (Wdp), in Drosophila. Wdp has three chondroitin sulfate sugar chains on the extracellular domain. We show that Wdp negatively regulates Hedgehog signaling via the chondroitin sulfate sugar chains.

Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on Thrombin- and Atroxin-Induced Fibrin Assembly and Structure

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus E Carr ◽  
Patrick L Powers
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Fibrin Gels ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiber Radius ◽  
Turbidity Increase

SummaryThis study was performed to quantitate the impact of several glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on fibrin assembly and structure. Gel formation was monitored as the increase in optical density at 633 nm subsequent to thrombin (2 NIH u/ml) or atroxin (0.10 mg/ml) addition to solutions of buffered fibrinogen (1 mg/ml) or plasma. Gel absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength (400 to 800 nm) and gel fiber diameter and mass/length ratio (μ) were calculated. Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)shortened the lag phase, enhanced the maximal rate of turbidity increase, and increased the final gel turbidity of fibrin gels formed by thrombin or atroxin. CSA (16 mg/ml) increased fiber μ from 1.3 to 3.1 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 6.0 to 8.6 × 10-6 cm in thrombin-induced gels. μ increased from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 4 to 7.8 × 10-6 cm for atroxin-induced gels. Above 16 mg/ml, CSA caused fibrinogen precipitation in purified solutions but not in plasma. CSA inhibited thrombin-induced plasma clotting of plasma but effects in atroxin-mediated plasma gels paralleled those seen in purified solutions. Chondroitin sulfate B (CSB)-induced changes in fibrin were similar but slightly less dramatic than those seen with CSA. μ increased from 0.9 to 2.0 × 1013 dalton/cm for thrombin-induced fibrin gels and from 0.8 to 2.3 × 1013 dalton/cm for atroxininduced gels. Low molecular weight heparin (Mr = 5100) slowed fibrin assembly and reduced fiber size by 50% in thrombininduced gels. Changes in μ of atroxin-induced gels were much less pronounced (<20%). This study documents pronounced GAGinduced changes in fibrin structure which vary with GAG species and may mediate significant physiologic functions.

The Gut Microbiota of Rats under Experimental Osteoarthritis and Administration of Chondroitin Sulfate and Probiotic

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
O.H. Korotkyi ◽  
◽  
T.V. Luhovska ◽  
T.M. Serhiychuk ◽  
K.O. Dvorshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Osteoarthritis Progression ◽  
Experimental Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Osteoarthritis is a most widespread chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain, cartilage deformation, and joint inflammation. Adverse alterations of intestinal microbiota like dysbiosis may lead to metabolic syndrome and inflammation, two important components of osteoarthritis progression. Aim. In this study we investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate and probiotics on the gut microbiome in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis model in rats. Methods. The species and quantitative composition of feces were determined using diagnostic media with selective properties. Further identification of isolated microorganisms was carried out according to morphological, tinctorial, physiological and metabolic parameters. The results are presented in the form of lg CFU/g. Results. Induction of osteoarthritis caused significant increasing the number of opportunistic enterobacteria and lactose-negative Escherichia coli against the decreasing of lacto- and bifidobacteria that may indicate a dysbiotic condition. Coadministration of chondroitin sulfate and probiotic bacteria has led to improvement the quantitative composition of the gut microbiota in experimental animals, the numerous of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus were increasing against decreasing the quantitative composition of opportunistic microorganisms. Conclusions. Monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis caused dysbiosis of gut in rat. We observed beneficial effect of combined administration of chondroitin sulfate and probiotics on gut microbiota composition in rats with experimental osteoarthritis. Thus, adding of supplements like probiotics to standard treatment of osteoarthritis may have potentials to prevent and treat this disease.

Genetically Reduced Chondroitin Sulfate Prevents the Progression of Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 547-P
Author(s):  
HAJIME ISHIGURO ◽  
TAKASHI USHIKI ◽  
ASAMI KAWASAKI ◽  
KAORI CHO ◽  
MASAYOSHI MASUKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document