scholarly journals A Pivotal Role of Rho GTPase in the Regulation of Morphology and Function of Dendritic Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 167 (7) ◽  
pp. 3585-3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Kobayashi ◽  
Eiichi Azuma ◽  
Masaru Ido ◽  
Masahiro Hirayama ◽  
Qi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase Alters the Differentiation and Maturation Process of Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3312
Author(s):  
Matjaž Weiss ◽  
Marko Anderluh ◽  
Martina Gobec
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
T Cell Differentiation ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Glcnac Transferase ◽  
And Function

The O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase. These enzymes regulate the development, proliferation and function of cells, including the immune cells. Herein, we focused on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Our study suggests that inhibition of OGT modulates AKT and MEK/ERK pathways in moDCs. Changes were also observed in the expression levels of relevant surface markers, where reduced expression of CD80 and DC-SIGN, and increased expression of CD14, CD86 and HLA-DR occurred. We also noticed decreased IL-10 and increased IL-6 production, along with diminished endocytotic capacity of the cells, indicating that inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation hampers the transition of monocytes into immature DCs. Furthermore, the inhibition of OGT altered the maturation process of immature moDCs, since a CD14medDC-SIGNlowHLA-DRmedCD80lowCD86high profile was noticed when OGT inhibitor, OSMI-1, was present. To evaluate DCs ability to influence T cell differentiation and polarization, we co-cultured these cells. Surprisingly, the observed phenotypic changes of mature moDCs generated in the presence of OSMI-1 led to an increased proliferation of allogeneic T cells, while their polarization was not affected. Taken together, we confirm that shifting the O-GlcNAcylation status due to OGT inhibition alters the differentiation and function of moDCs in in vitro conditions.

scholarly journals Nonneuronal Cholinergic System in Breast Tumors and Dendritic Cells: Does It Improve or Worsen the Response to Tumor?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marisa Vulcano ◽  
María Gabriela Lombardi ◽  
María Elena Sales
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function

Besides being the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system, acetylcholine (ACh) can act as a signaling molecule in nonneuronal tissues. For this reason, ACh and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade it (choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase) as well as muscarinic (mAChRs) and nicotinic receptors conform the non-neuronal cholinergic system (nNCS). It has been reported that nNCS regulates basal cellular functions including survival, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Moreover, nNCS is broadly expressed in tumors and in different components of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the role of nNCS in tumors and in different immune cell types focusing on the expression and function of mAChRs in breast tumors and dendritic cells (DCs) and discussing the role of DCs in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1 and to CD4 inhibit the mixed leukocyte reaction after the antigen-dependent clustering of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Inaba ◽  
R M Steinman
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Mixed Leukocyte Reaction ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Lymphocyte Blastogenesis ◽  
And Function

T cell proliferation in response to many stimuli is known to occur in discrete clusters of dendritic cells (DC) and CD4+ helper lymphocytes. The role of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) and CD4 in the formation and function of these clusters has been evaluated in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). By day 1 of the control MLR, most of the DC and responsive T cells are associated in discrete aggregates. Addition of anti-LFA-1 and CD4 reagents does not block DC-T aggregation but reduces the subsequent proliferative response by 80-90%. Anti-LFA-1 disassembles newly formed DC-T cell aggregates, whereas anti-CD4 inhibits blastogenesis without disrupting the cluster. Binding of DC to sensitized, antigen-specific CD4+ cells has been studied using lymphoblasts isolated at day 4 of the MLR. It has been shown previously that greater than 80% blasts rebind to DC in an antigen-specific fashion in rapid (10 min) binding assays. Antigen-dependent DC-T binding is blocked by anti-Ia but not by mAb to LFA-1 or CD4. However, the bound anti-CD4-coated lymphocytes are unable to release IL-2. Anti-LFA-1-coated T cells release IL-2 but are easily disaggregated after binding to DC. These findings lead to two conclusions. LFA-1 and CD4 are not involved in the initial steps whereby DC bind to T cells but exert an independent and subsequent role. LFA-1 acts to stabilize the DC-T cluster, while CD4 contributes to lymphocyte blastogenesis and IL-2 release. Because DC but not other presenting cells cluster unprimed lymphocytes, it seems likely that an antigen-independent mechanism distinct from LFA-1 and CD4 mediates aggregate formation at the onset of cell-mediated immunity.

scholarly journals Escape of HIV-1-Infected Dendritic Cells from TRAIL-Mediated NK Cell Cytotoxicity during NK-DC Cross-Talk—A Pivotal Role of HMGB1

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e1000862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Thérèse Melki ◽  
Héla Saïdi ◽  
Alexandre Dufour ◽  
Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin ◽  
Marie-Lise Gougeon
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
Nk Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hiv 1

CO6 DENDRITIC CELLS FROM CELIAC PATIENTS HAVE AN ALTERED SHAPE: ROLE OF THE RHO GTPASE FAMILY

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. S201
Author(s):  
V. Discepolo ◽  
M.G.L. Ten Eikelder ◽  
M. Nanayakkara ◽  
R. Kosova ◽  
S. Santagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Rho Gtpase

Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct integrity by limiting actomyosin activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Bock ◽  
Bertha C. Elias ◽  
Xinyu Dong ◽  
Diptiben V. Parekh ◽  
Glenda Mernaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Ureteric Bud ◽  
Epithelial Integrity ◽  
Epithelial Morphology ◽  
Cytoskeletal Regulation ◽  
Intact Kidney ◽  
And Function

A polarized collecting duct (CD), formed from the branching ureteric bud (UB), is a prerequisite for an intact kidney. The small Rho GTPase Rac1 is critical for actin cytoskeletal regulation. We investigated the role of Rac1 in the kidney collecting system by selectively deleting it in mice at the initiation of UB development. The mice exhibited only a mild developmental phenotype; however, with aging, the CD developed a disruption of epithelial integrity and function. Despite intact integrin signaling, Rac1-null CD cells had profound adhesion and polarity abnormalities that were independent of the major downstream Rac1 effector, Pak1. These cells did however have a defect in the WAVE2–Arp2/3 actin nucleation and polymerization apparatus, resulting in actomyosin hyperactivity. The epithelial defects were reversible with direct myosin II inhibition. Furthermore, Rac1 controlled lateral membrane height and overall epithelial morphology by maintaining lateral F-actin and restricting actomyosin. Thus, Rac1 promotes CD epithelial integrity and morphology by restricting actomyosin via Arp2/3-dependent cytoskeletal branching.

scholarly journals IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Modulates the Function of Dendritic Cells in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Guo ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Caixia Wang ◽  
Hongtao Shi ◽  
Meng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
And Function

Background: Atherosclerosis is widely recognized as a complex inflammatory disease involving pathogenic immune response of T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Accumulating evidence has revealed that mature DCs play critical roles in the differentiation of effector T cells into CD4+ T cells, which effectively participate in the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 has been shown to be involved in various immune processes. The role of IRF-1 in DCs in the pathogenesis of ACS has not been investigated. Methods and Results: We examined the relative mRNA and protein expression of IRF-1 in human monocyte-derived DCs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The overexpression or silencing of IRF-1 expression in DCs in patients with ACS was performed to explore the possible role of IRF-1 in the maturation and function of DCs involved in ACS. The results showed that the relative expression of IRF-1 in DCs is obviously increased in patients with ACS. The overexpression or silencing of IRF-1 expression could effectively promote or attenuate the maturation and function of DCs. In addition, we revealed that the MAPK pathway (phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2) might be downstream of IRF-1 signalling pathway in activation of circulating DCs in ACS patients. Conclusion: The present data demonstrate that IRF-1 could effectively promote the immune maturation and function of DCs in ACS patients.

scholarly journals Resveratrol pretreatment mitigates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating conventional dendritic cells’ maturation and function

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1064-1081
Author(s):  
Bingnan Guo ◽  
Yigen Peng ◽  
Yuting Gu ◽  
Yi Zhong ◽  
Chenglei Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
And Function

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe syndrome lacking efficient therapy and resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Although resveratrol (RES), a natural phytoalexin, has been reported to protect the ALI by suppressing the inflammatory response, the detailed mechanism of how RES affected the immune system is poorly studied. Pulmonary conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are critically involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases including ALI. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of RES via pulmonary cDCs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. Murine ALI model was established by intratracheally challenging with 5 mg/kg LPS. We found that RES pretreatment could mitigate LPS-induced ALI. Additionally, proinflammatory-skewed cytokines decreased whereas anti-inflammatory-related cytokines increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by RES pretreatment. Mechanistically, RES regulated pulmonary cDCs’ maturation and function, exhibiting lower level of CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II expression, and IL-10 secretion in ALI mice. Furthermore, RES modulated the balance between proinflammation and anti-inflammation of cDCs. Moreover, in vitro RES pretreatment regulated the maturation and function of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Finally, the adoptive transfer of RES-pretreated BMDCs enhanced recovery of ALI. Thus, these data might further extend our understanding of a protective role of RES in regulating pulmonary cDCs against ALI.

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