scholarly journals Cutaneous Infection with Leishmania major Mediates Heterologous Protection against Visceral Infection with Leishmania infantum

2015 ◽  
Vol 195 (8) ◽  
pp. 3816-3827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Romano ◽  
Nicole A. Doria ◽  
Jonatan Mendez ◽  
David L. Sacks ◽  
Nathan C. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Cutaneous Infection ◽  
Heterologous Protection ◽  
Visceral Infection

Leishmanicidal Activity of Plant Extracts from Sefrou, a Moroccan Focus of Leishmaniasis, against Various Leishmania Parasites in the Promastigote Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zeouk ◽  
A. Et-Touys ◽  
M. Balouiri ◽  
H. Fellah ◽  
A. El Ouali Lalami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius

According to the World Health Organization, leishmaniasis remains a major worldwide public health problem. The province of Sefrou located in the center of Morocco is a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study aims at evaluating the antileishmanial potential of Berberis sp.,Crataegus oxyacantha, Cistus salviifolius, Ephedra altissima and Lavandula dentatafrequently used by the local population. Methanolic extracts were tested against the promastigote form ofLeishmania tropica, Leishmania majorandLeishmania infantumusing tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. The total phenol and flavonoids content of all extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, and potassium acetate solutions respectively. The plant extracts exhibited antileishmanial activity with variability depending on the tested strain and the plant species compared to Glucantime® used as control (IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) > 1,000 μg/mL). The best inhibition was observed with Berberis sp., againstLeishmania major(IC50 = 394.40 ± 3.02 μg/ml), andEphedra altissima(reported for the first time) againstLeishmania infantum(IC50 = 490.84 ± 3.15 μg/mL).Leishmania tropicahas shown the same sensitivity behavior toward the five extracts (in average IC50 = 540 ± 11.20 μg/mL). The total phenolic content was higher forCrataegus oxyacanthaandCistus salviifolius(140.67 ± 3.17 μg eq Gallic Acid (GA)/ mg of Extract (E) and 133.83 ± 9.03 μg eq GA/mg of E respectively), while flavonoid was higher forCistus salviifoliusandLavandula dentata(57.92 ± 2.46 μg eq Quercetin (Que)/ mg of Extract (E) and 41.53 ± 1.74 μg eq Que/mg of E). All the tested extracts present some promising aspects that may cure cutaneous leishmaniasis in the center of Morocco; further bioguided assays are needed to isolate the fractions and the bioactive molecule.

scholarly journals The Leishmania infantum Acidic Ribosomal Protein P0 Administered as a DNA Vaccine Confers Protective Immunity to Leishmania major Infection in BALB/c Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6562-6572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Iborra ◽  
Manuel Soto ◽  
Javier Carrión ◽  
Ana Nieto ◽  
Edgar Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
Ribosomal Protein P0 ◽  
Acidic Ribosomal Protein

ABSTRACT In this study, we examined the immunogenic properties of the Leishmania infantum acidic ribosomal protein P0 (LiP0) in the BALB/c mouse model. The humoral and cellular responses induced by the administration of the LiP0 antigen, either as soluble recombinant LiP0 (rLiP0) or as a plasmid DNA formulation (pcDNA3-LiP0), were determined. Also, the immunological response associated with a prime-boost strategy, consisting of immunization with pcDNA3-LiP0 followed by a boost with rLiP0, was assayed. Immunization with rLiP0 induced a predominant Th2-like humoral response, but no anti-LiP0 antibodies were induced after immunization with pcDNA3-LiP0, whereas a strong humoral response consisting of a mixed immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a)-IgG1 isotype profile was induced in mice immunized with the prime-boost regime. For all three immunization protocols, rLiP0-stimulated production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in both splenocytes and lymph node cells from immunized mice was observed. However, it was only when mice were immunized with pcDNA3-LiP0 that noticeable protection against L. major infection was achieved, as determined by both lesion development and parasite burden. Immunization of mice with LiP0-DNA primes both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which, with the L. major challenge, were boosted to produce significant levels of IL-12-dependent, antigen-specific IFN-γ. Taken together, these data indicate that genetic vaccination with LiP0 induces protective immunological effector mechanisms, yet the immunological response elicited by LiP0 is not sufficient to keep the infection from progressing.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Specificity ofIn SituHybridization for Diagnosis of Cutaneous Infection by Leishmania infantum in Dogs

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo C. Menezes ◽  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
Annabel G. Wise ◽  
Maria F. Madeira ◽  
Raquel V. C. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Cutaneous Infection

In silico and in vitro comparative activity of novel experimental derivatives against Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum promastigotes

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Khademvatan ◽  
Neda Adibpour ◽  
Alborz Eskandari ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Mahmoud Hashemitabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Comparative Activity

scholarly journals Regional Differences in the Cellular Immune Response to Experimental Cutaneous or Visceral Infection withLeishmania donovani

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Melby ◽  
Yan-Zhu Yang ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Weiguo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Cutaneous Infection ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Visceral Infection

ABSTRACT Infection with the protozoan Leishmania donovani can cause serious visceral disease or subclinical infection in humans. To better understand the pathogenesis of this dichotomy, we have investigated the host cellular immune response to cutaneous or visceral infection in a murine model. Mice infected in the skin developed no detectable visceral parasitism, whereas intravenous inoculation resulted in hepatosplenomegaly and an increasing visceral parasite burden. Spleen cells from mice with locally controlled cutaneous infection showed strong parasite-specific proliferative and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses, but spleen cells from systemically infected mice were unresponsive to parasite antigens. The in situ expression of IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-12, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs was determined in the spleen, draining lymph node (LN), and cutaneous site of inoculation. There was considerably greater expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 p40 mRNAs in the LN draining a locally controlled cutaneous infection than in the spleen following systemic infection. Similarly, there was a high level of IFN-γ production by LN cells following subcutaneous infection but no IFN-γ production by spleen cells following systemic infection. Splenic IL-4 expression was transiently increased early after systemic infection, but splenic IL-10 transcripts increased throughout the course of visceral infection. IL-4 and IL-10 mRNAs were also increased in the LN following cutaneous infection. iNOS mRNA was detected earlier in the LN draining a cutaneous site of infection compared to the spleen following systemic challenge. Thus, locally controlled cutaneous infection was associated with antigen-specific spleen cell responsiveness and markedly increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and iNOS mRNA in the draining LN. Progressive splenic parasitism was associated with an early IL-4 response, markedly increased IL-10 but minimal IL-12 expression, and delayed expression of iNOS.

scholarly journals Promastigote secretory gel from natural and unnatural sand fly vectors exacerbate Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (14) ◽  
pp. 1796-1802
Author(s):  
E. Giraud ◽  
M. Svobodová ◽  
I. Müller ◽  
P. Volf ◽  
M. E. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Cutaneous Lesion ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Cutaneous Infection ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors

AbstractLeishmania rely heavily on glycans to complete their digenetic life cycle in both mammalian and phlebotomine sand fly hosts. Leishmania promastigotes secrete a proteophosphoglycan-rich gel (Promastigote Secretory Gel, PSG) that is regurgitated during transmission and can exacerbate infection in the skin. Here we explored the role of PSG from natural Leishmania-sand fly vector combinations by obtaining PSG from Leishmania (L.) major-infected Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi and P. duboscqi and L. tropica-infected P. arabicus. We found that, in addition to the vector's saliva, the PSG from L. major and L. tropica potently exacerbated cutaneous infection in BALB/c mice, improved the probability of developing a patent cutaneous lesion, parasite growth and the evolution of the lesion. Of note, the presence of PSG in the inoculum more than halved the prepatent period of cutaneous L. tropica infection from an average of 32 weeks to 13 weeks. In addition, L. major and L. tropica PSG extracted from the permissive experimental vector, Lutzomyia (Lu.) longipalpis, also exacerbated infections in mice. These results reinforce and extend the hypothesis that PSG is an important and evolutionarily conserved component of Leishmania infection that can be used to facilitate experimental infection for drug and vaccine screening.

scholarly journals The leishmanicidal activity of essential oils: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Shamsi Noorpisheh Ghadimi ◽  
Negin Sharifi ◽  
Mahmoud Osanloo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Leishmania Amazonensis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Leishmanicidal Activity ◽  
Multifunctional Drugs

Leishmaniasis is the neglected disease among parasitic diseases with an increasing rate of infections. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on the leishmanicidal properties of various essential oils (EOs). In this research, literature have been systematically reviewed, from 20 years ago, and required information have been extracted. Overally, leishmanicidal effects of ~180 EOs against promastigotes of nine species of Leishmania havebeen documented. Inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50) of around 30 EOs were less than 10 μg.mL-1. EOs of Tetradenia riparia, Nectandra hihua, and Thymus hirtus with IC50s of 0.01,0.20, and 0.25 μg.mL-1 against Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania major respectively, were identified as the most effective EOs. Furthermore, IC50 of Thymus hirtus on Leishmania infantum was 0.43 μg.mL-1. Frequently, substantial differences were found between the observed IC50s of one EO against promastigotes of different species of Leishmania. It can be concluded that the leishmanicidal activity of EOs is selective. Turning to the results,the combination of EOs for the design of multifunctional drugs can lead to excellent outcomes.Interestingly, the results have been classified by promastigote species, so this would be a valuablebenchmark for researchers.

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