A Biased Non-Gαi OXE-R Antagonist Demonstrates That Gαi Protein Subunit Is Not Directly Involved in Neutrophil, Eosinophil, and Monocyte Activation by 5-Oxo-ETE

ABSTRACT Streptococcus suis is a bacterium that is commonly carried in the respiratory tract and that is also one of the most important invasive pathogens of swine, commonly causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Due to the existence of many serotypes and a wide range of immune evasion capabilities, efficacious vaccines are not readily available. The selection of S. suis protein candidates for inclusion in a vaccine was accomplished by identifying fitness genes through a functional genomics screen and selecting conserved predicted surface-associated proteins. Five candidate proteins were selected for evaluation in a vaccine trial and administered both intranasally and intramuscularly with one of two different adjuvant formulations. Clinical protection was evaluated by subsequent intranasal challenge with virulent S. suis . While subunit vaccination with the S. suis proteins induced IgG antibodies to each individual protein and a cellular immune response to the pool of proteins and provided substantial protection from challenge with virulent S. suis , the immune response elicited and the degree of protection were dependent on the parenteral adjuvant given. Subunit vaccination induced IgG reactive against different S. suis serotypes, indicating a potential for cross protection.

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SARS-CoV-2 Ig G among Healthcare Workers and the General Population

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Gregorio P. Milani ◽

Mario G. Bianchetti ◽

Giuseppe Togni ◽

Andreas W. Schoenenberger ◽

Franco Muggli

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Healthcare Personnel ◽

Protein Subunit ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Seroprevalence Data ◽

And Gender ◽

Few Data ◽

Ig G

It is assumed that healthcare workers are at the highest risk to be infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, few data from healthcare workers who do not primarily take care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection support this assumption. We investigated the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (Ig G) against SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers who do not primarily take care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the general population in a well-defined geographical area. The first part of the study was conducted in May 2020 in Val Mesolcina (Southern Switzerland), a valley with ~8000 inhabitants. All healthcare workers were invited. All participants (n = 488) of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study (SWICOS), a cohort representative of the general population, were also invited. Circulating Ig G against spike protein subunit 1 of SARS-CoV-2 were tested in each subject. Subjects with positive Ig G were tested again after 6 months. The condition of being a healthcare worker, rather than a part of the general population, was tested as a predictor of seroprevalence positivity by both simple and multiple (adjusted for age and sex) logistic regression. Eleven (2.6%) of the 423 SWICOS participants and 46 (16%) out of 289 healthcare workers were positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The seroprevalence OR was 7.01 (95% CI: 3.53–15.47) for healthcare workers as compared to SWICOS participants. After adjusting for age and gender, the seroprevalence OR was 5.13 (95% CI: 2.54–10.40). About three quarters of the subjects in the SWICOS (73%) and in healthcare (79%) group with a previous positive serology still presented positive Ig G against the SARS-CoV-2 after 6 months. The present seroprevalence data point out that the SARS-CoV-2 infection is seven times higher among healthcare workers than in the general population of Val Mesolcina. Efforts to effectively protect all the healthcare personnel are needed.

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THU0024 Effects of c-reactive protein on monocyte activation

10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.533 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

KJ Woollard ◽

CJ Loryman ◽

GD Kitas ◽

HR Griffiths

Keyword(s):

C Reactive Protein ◽

Monocyte Activation ◽

Reactive Protein

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Transcriptional Regulators of theSchizosaccharomyces pombe fbp1Gene Include Two Redundant Tup1p-like Corepressors and the CCAAT Binding Factor Activation Complex

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/157.3.1205 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 157 (3) ◽

pp. 1205-1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rozmin T K Janoo ◽

Lori A Neely ◽

Burkhard R Braun ◽

Simon K Whitehall ◽

Charles S Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Transcriptional Regulators ◽

Dominant Negative ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Lacz Expression ◽

Protein Subunit ◽

Plasmid Library ◽

Binding Factor ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein

AbstractThe Schizosaccharomyces pombe fbp1 gene, which encodes fructose-1,6-bis-phosphatase, is transcriptionally repressed by glucose through the activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and transcriptionally activated by glucose starvation through the activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). To identify transcriptional regulators acting downstream from or in parallel to PKA, we screened an adh-driven cDNA plasmid library for genes that increase fbp1 transcription in a strain with elevated PKA activity. Two such clones express amino-terminally truncated forms of the S. pombe tup12 protein that resembles the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tup1p global corepressor. These clones appear to act as dominant negative alleles. Deletion of both tup12 and the closely related tup11 gene causes a 100-fold increase in fbp1-lacZ expression, indicating that tup11 and tup12 are redundant negative regulators of fbp1 transcription. In strains lacking tup11 and tup12, the atf1-pcr1 transcriptional activator continues to play a central role in fbp1-lacZ expression; however, spc1 MAPK phosphorylation of atf1 is no longer essential for its activation. We discuss possible models for the role of tup11- and tup12-mediated repression with respect to signaling from the MAPK and PKA pathways. A third clone identified in our screen expresses the php5 protein subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor (CBF). Deletion of php5 reduces fbp1 expression under both repressed and derepressed conditions. The CBF appears to act in parallel to atf1-pcr1, although it is unclear whether or not CBF activity is regulated by PKA.

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Central role of G protein Gαi2 and Gαi2+ vomeronasal neurons in balancing territorial and infant-directed aggression of male mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1821492116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (11) ◽

pp. 5135-5143 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Anne-Charlotte Trouillet ◽

Matthieu Keller ◽

Jan Weiss ◽

Trese Leinders-Zufall ◽

Lutz Birnbaumer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

Sensory Neurons ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Parental Behavior ◽

Vomeronasal Organ ◽

Male Infant ◽

Lateral Septum ◽

Male Mice ◽

Protein Subunit ◽

Α Subunit

Aggression is controlled by the olfactory system in many animal species. In male mice, territorial and infant-directed aggression are tightly regulated by the vomeronasal organ (VNO), but how diverse subsets of sensory neurons convey pheromonal information to limbic centers is not yet known. Here, we employ genetic strategies to show that mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons expressing the G protein subunit Gαi2 regulate male–male and infant-directed aggression through distinct circuit mechanisms. Conditional ablation of Gαi2 enhances male–male aggression and increases neural activity in the medial amygdala (MeA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and lateral septum. By contrast, conditional Gαi2 ablation causes reduced infant-directed aggression and decreased activity in MeA neurons during male–infant interactions. Strikingly, these mice also display enhanced parental behavior and elevated neural activity in the medial preoptic area, whereas sexual behavior remains normal. These results identify Gαi2 as the primary G protein α-subunit mediating the detection of volatile chemosignals in the apical layer of the VNO, and they show that Gαi2+ VSNs and the brain circuits activated by these neurons play a central role in orchestrating and balancing territorial and infant-directed aggression of male mice through bidirectional activation and inhibition of different targets in the limbic system.

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Light-activated rhodopsin induces structural binding motif in G protein subunit

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.95.8.4270 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 4270-4275 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

O. G. Kisselev ◽

J. Kao ◽

J. W. Ponder ◽

Y. C. Fann ◽

N. Gautam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Protein Subunit

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