scholarly journals Early IL-17 Production by Intrahepatic T Cells Is Important for Adaptive Immune Responses in Viral Hepatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifei Hou ◽  
Zuliang Jie ◽  
Mayura Desai ◽  
Yuejin Liang ◽  
Lynn Soong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals T and NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cells ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Paola Fisicaro ◽  
Carolina Boni
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune

In chronic viral hepatitis and in hepatocarcinoma (HCC), antigen-specific T cells are deeply exhausted, and evidence of dysfunction has also been observed for NK cells, which can play a pathogenetic role, exerting a regulatory activity on adaptive immune responses [...]

scholarly journals Mast cells and γδ T cells are largely dispensable for adaptive immune responses after laser-mediated epicutaneous immunization

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024
Author(s):  
Isabella A. Joubert ◽  
Daniel Kovacs ◽  
Sandra Scheiblhofer ◽  
Petra Winter ◽  
Evgeniia Korotchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

CD154:CD40 Co-Stimulatory Blockade: A Novel Approach To Prevent Sensitization to Donor Alloantigens.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1273
Author(s):  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Suzanne T. Ildstad
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Tolerance ◽  
B Cell Activation ◽  
B Cell Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Abstract Introduction: Recipient sensitization is one of the most critical problems facing clinical transplantation. Allosensitized recipients often rapidly reject vascularized solid organ grafts as a result of preformed anti-donor antibody. Similarly, bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease and thalassemia is limited by sensitization from transfusion. A method to prevent sensitization would have a significant impact on transplant outcomes. Until recently, T cells were believed to be the primary effector cell in the induction of adaptive immune responses. We recently found that humoral immunity provides a dominant barrier in allosensitization to MHC antigens. B cell activation occurs through T-cell-dependent responses via signaling from the co-stimulatory molecule CD154 (on T cells) to its ligand CD40 (on B cells). Here, we examined whether blocking the costimulatory interaction between T and B cells during exposure to alloantigen would prevent allosensitization. Materials and Methods: Mice deficient for CD154 molecule (CD154−/ −, H-2b), α β-TCR+ T cells (TCRβ −/ −, H-2b); or wild type B6 (H-2b) mice received allogeneic BALB/c (H-2d) skin grafts (SG) on day 0. Some B6 mice were also treated with anti-CD154 (day0 and day+3) and/or anti-α β-TCR mAb (day-3) peritransplant. Antibodies were detected by flow cytometry cross-match (FCM) assay and reported as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Results: CD154−/ − mice rejected primary BALB/c SG with a time course similar to normal B6 controls (12.4 ± 2.1 vs. 12.7 ± 2.4 days). TCRβ −/ − mice accepted SG permanently (>120 days). Notably, anti-donor antibody was not generated in either the CD154−/ − or TCRβ −/ − mice (MFI: 4.1 ± 0.1 and 4.2 ± 0.4) after SG compared with Ab in naïve serum (3.0±0.2). Sensitized B6 mice had significantly higher antibody titers (106.8 ± 35.1) 4 weeks after SG rejection. A second SG transplanted 5 to 7 weeks after the first graft was rejected at an accelerated rate (9.0 ± 0.8 days, P < 0.05) in the CD154−/ − mice, but no anti-donor MHC antibody was produced. Second grafts placed on TCRβ −/ − mice were accepted, as were the primary SG. In normal B6 recipients pretreated with anti-CD154 or anti-α β-TCR alone, SG survival was not significantly prolonged. The Ab titers were only slightly higher in mice treated with anti-CD154 (5.9±3.4; P>0.05) than in naïve mice, and significantly higher in mice treated with mAb anti-α β-TCR (45.1±25.6; P=0.03). The combined treatment with both mAbs resulted in complete abrogation of Ab production (4.2±0.9) and 70% of skin grafts survived >100 days. Germinal center formation, reflective of B cell activation, was completely disrupted in mice treated with anti-CD154 alone or combined with anti-α β-TCR. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CD40/CD154 co-stimulatory pathway is critically important in B cell activation to generate alloantibody. Notably, blocking molecular interactions between CD40/CD154 abrogated the generation of antibody and blocked germinal center formation, inducing B cell tolerance. The additional removal of recipient T cells in the context of co-stimulatory blockade resulted in the induction of T as well as B cell tolerance. These findings are the first demonstration that sensitization can be prevented through blockade of co-stimulatory interactions in the generation of adaptive immune responses and could have a significant impact on management of sensitized recipients in the clinic.

scholarly journals Comparison of intestinal APC subsets from homeostatic and immunostimulatory environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry Hilligan
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Naive T Cells ◽  
Naïve T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

<p>Antigen presenting cells (APC) including dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation and direction of adaptive immune responses. Acting as sentinels in the tissue, DC sample antigen and traffic to the local lymph node where they present antigen to naïve T cells. The signals DC provide to naïve T cells determines the functional fate of the T cell and therefore, the type of immune response generated. At mucosal sites, such as the intestine, immune responses need to be carefully regulated due to the high antigenic load. For this reason, intestinal immune cells are highly specialised to prevent immune activation to innocuous antigens while still holding the capacity to induce potent responses to pathogenic microbes and helminths. Oral administration of antigen is associated with tolerance and the generation of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Specialised lamina propria (LP) resident APC are required for the initiation of Treg differentiation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) through production of chemical mediators such as retinoic acid (RA). Ablation of these populations or restricted trafficking prevents the development of Tregs in mouse models thus supporting the essential role of APC in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. During infection, APC promote the induction of adaptive immune responses which neutralise threats. However, the APC subsets involved in this are not well defined. Pathologies such as food allergy and inflammatory bowel disease are thought to arise due to the development of aberrant immune responses. Food allergy can be modelled in mice using the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) which has been shown to drive immunity to co-delivered antigens and is associated with the generation of IL-4 producing T helper 2 cells. Understanding the APC subsets involved in the initiation of intestinal immune responses could help in the development of targeted therapies for inflammatory bowel conditions. In this thesis, I show that oral administration of CT is followed by the appearance of a novel phenotype of DC in the intestinal LP and MLN. These DC differ functionally from DC at steady-state and may contribute to the generation of IL-4 producing T cells observed in the LP, MLN and spleen following oral administration of CT.</p>

scholarly journals 62: Sensing and Alarm Function of Mucosal Memory CD8 T Cells Trigger Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A034-A034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Schenkel ◽  
Kathryn A. Fraser ◽  
Lalit K. Beura ◽  
Kristen E. Pauken ◽  
David Masopust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Surfactant Protein D Modulation Of Adaptive Immune Responses: Role Of T Cells

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Wei Lin ◽  
Takeshi Nakajima ◽  
Kai Yu Jen ◽  
Erika C. Crouch ◽  
David L. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Anti-Telomerase CD4+ Th1 Immunity and Monocytic-Myeloid-Derived-Suppressor Cells Are Associated with Long-Term Efficacy Achieved by Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (DCF) in Advanced Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Translational Study of Epitopes-HPV01 and 02 Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Spehner ◽  
Stefano Kim ◽  
Angélique Vienot ◽  
Eric François ◽  
Bruno Buecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cells ◽  
The Impact

Docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy regimen is highly effective in advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA), as demonstrated by the Epitopes-HPV02 study results. Here, we analyzed the impact of DCF regimen and the prognostic value of adaptive immune responses and immunosuppressive cells in SCCA patients included in two prospective studies (Epitopes-HPV01 and HPV02). The presence of T-cell responses against Human papillomavirus (HPV)16-E6/E7 and anti-telomerase (hTERT)-antigens was measured by IFNᵧ-ELISpot. Here, we showed that HPV-adaptive immune responses are increased in SCCA patients. SCCA patients also displayed enhanced circulating TH1 T-cells restricted by hTERT. Exposition to DCF increased hTERT immunity but not HPV or common viruses immune responses. Notably, the correlation of hTERT immune responses with SCCA patients’ clinical outcomes highlights that hTERT is a relevant antigen in this HPV-related disease. The influence of peripheral immunosuppressive cells was investigated by flow cytometry. While both regulatory T-cells and monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressive cells (M-MDSC) accumulated in the peripheral blood of SCCA patients, only high levels of M-MDSC were negatively correlated with hTERT adaptive immune responses and predicted poor prognosis. Altogether, our results reveal that hTERT is a relevant antigen in HPV-driven SCCA disease and that M-MDSC levels influence TH1-adaptive immune responses and patients’ survival.

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