scholarly journals Cutting Edge: Critical Role of Intracellular Osteopontin in Antifungal Innate Immune Responses

2010 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Yasuhiro Moriwaki ◽  
Tomohiro Arikawa ◽  
Yu-Hsun Chen ◽  
Young Joo Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Innate Immune Responses

scholarly journals The microbiota plays a critical role in the reactivity of lung immune components to innate ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Marquant ◽  
Daphné Laubreton ◽  
Carole Drajac ◽  
Elliot Mathieu ◽  
Edwige Bouguyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractThe microbiota contributes to shaping efficient and safe immune defenses in the gut. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in the education of pulmonary innate immune responses. Here, we tested whether the endogenous microbiota can modulate reactivity of pulmonary tissue to pathogen stimuli by comparing the response of specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice. Using SPF and GF mice intranasally exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria, we observed earlier and greater inflammation in the pulmonary compartment of GF mice than that of SPF mice. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was more abundantly expressed in the lungs of GF mice than those of SPF mice at steady state, which could predispose the innate immunity of GF mice to strongly react to environmental stimuli. Lung explants were stimulated with different TLR agonists or infected with the human airways pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), resulting in greater inflammation under almost all conditions for the GF explants. Finally, alveolar macrophages (AM) from GF mice presented a higher innate immune response upon RSV infection than those of SPF mice. Overall, these data suggest that the presence of microbiota in SPF mice induced a process of innate immune tolerance in the lungs by a mechanism which remains to be elucidated. Our study represents a step forward to establishing the link between the microbiota and the immune reactivity of the lungs.Plain Language summaryMicrobiota represents an important partner of immunologic system at the interface between immune cells and epithelium. It is well known, notably in the gut, that the microbiota contributes in shaping efficient and safe defenses. However, little is known about the role of the microbiota in the education of pulmonary innate immune responses. In this study, we postulate that endogenous microbiota could dampen an excessive reactivity of pulmonary tissue to external stimuli. Thus, we sought to study the innate immune reaction switched on by viral or bacterial ligands in respiratory tract cells coming from mice with or without microbiota (germ-free condition, GF). Altogether, our results show a higher inflammatory reaction in GF condition. This study represents a step forward to better establish the link between the microbiota and the reactivity of the lung tissue. Not only these data demonstrate that the microbiota educates the pulmonary innate immune system, but also contributes the emerging concept of using respiratory commensal bacteria as potential next-generation probiotics to prevent susceptibility to respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Critical Role of TLR4 in Human Metapneumovirus Mediated Innate Immune Responses and Disease Pathogenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e78849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangam Sudha Velayutham ◽  
Deepthi Kolli ◽  
Teodora Ivanciuc ◽  
Roberto P. Garofalo ◽  
Antonella Casola
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis

scholarly journals The Critical Role of PARPs in Regulating Innate Immune Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Zhu ◽  
Yan-Dong Tang ◽  
Guoqing Zhan ◽  
Chenhe Su ◽  
Chunfu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Adp Ribosylation

Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of proteins responsible for transferring ADP-ribose groups to target proteins to initiate the ADP-ribosylation, a highly conserved and fundamental post-translational modification in all organisms. PARPs play important roles in various cellular functions, including regulating chromatin structure, transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. Several studies have recently converged on the widespread involvement of PARPs and ADP-Ribosylation reaction in mammalian innate immunity. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging roles of PARPs family and ADP-ribosylation in regulating the host’s innate immune responses involved in cancers, pathogenic infections, and inflammations, which will help discover and design new molecular targets for cancers, pathogenic infections, and inflammations.

scholarly journals Effects and Side Effects of Platelet Transfusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Cognasse ◽  
Kathryn Hally ◽  
Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽  
Marie-Ange Eyraud ◽  
Charles-Antoine Arthaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractAside from their canonical role in hemostasis, it is increasingly recognized that platelets have inflammatory functions and can regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The main topic this review aims to cover is the proinflammatory effects and side effects of platelet transfusion. Platelets prepared for transfusion are subject to stress injury upon collection, preparation, and storage. With these types of stress, they undergo morphologic, metabolic, and functional modulations which are likely to induce platelet activation and the release of biological response modifiers (BRMs). As a consequence, platelet concentrates (PCs) accumulate BRMs during processing and storage, and these BRMs are ultimately transfused alongside platelets. It has been shown that BRMs present in PCs can induce immune responses and posttransfusion reactions in the transfusion recipient. Several recent reports within the transfusion literature have investigated the concept of platelets as immune cells. Nevertheless, current and future investigations will face the challenge of encompassing the immunological role of platelets in the scope of transfusion.

scholarly journals Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Xia ◽  
Yikun Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Qingzhuo Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses

Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, iron orchestrates macrophage polarization through several aspects, including cellular signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Therefore, iron modulates the development and progression of multiple macrophage-associated diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and liver diseases. Collectively, this review highlights the crucial role of iron for macrophage polarization, and indicates the potential application of iron supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in different inflammatory disorders relative to the balance of macrophage polarization.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNAs RN7SK and GAS5 Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Innate Immune Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Araceli Valverde ◽  
Raza Ali Naqvi ◽  
Afsar R. Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Macrophages (Mφ) are immune cells that exhibit remarkable functional plasticity. Identification of novel endogenous factors that can regulate plasticity and innate immune functions of Mφ will unravel new strategies to curb immune-related diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding, regulatory RNAs that are increasingly being associated with various cellular functions and diseases. Despite their ubiquity and abundance, lncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of Mφ polarization and innate immune functions is poorly studied. This study elucidates the regulatory role of lncRNAs in monocyte to Mφ differentiation, M1/M2 dichotomy and innate immune responses. Expression profiling of eighty-eight lncRNAs in monocytes and in vitro differentiated M2 Mφ identified seventeen differentially expressed lncRNAs. Based on fold-change and significance, we selected four differentially expressed lncRNAs viz., RN7SK, GAS5, IPW, and ZFAS1 to evaluate their functional impact. LncRNA knockdown was performed on day 3 M2 Mφ and the impact on polarization was assessed on day 7 by surface marker analysis. Knockdown of RN7SK and GAS5 showed downregulation of M2 surface markers (CD163, CD206, or Dectin) and concomitant increase in M1 markers (MHC II or CD23). RN7SK or GAS5 knockdown showed no significant impact on CD163, CD206, or CD23 transcripts. M1/M2 markers were not impacted by IPW or ZFAS1 knockdown. Functional regulation of antigen uptake/processing and phagocytosis, two central innate immune pathways, by candidate lncRNA was assessed in M1/M2 Mφ. Compared to scramble, enhanced antigen uptake and processing were observed in both M1/M2 Mφ transfected with siRNA targeting GAS5 and RN7SK but not IPW and ZFAS1. In addition, knockdown of RN7SK significantly augmented uptake of labelled E. coli in vitro by M1/M2 Mφ, while no significant difference was in GAS5 silencing cells. Together, our results highlight the instrumental role of lncRNA (RN7SK and GAS5)-mediated epigenetic regulation of macrophage differentiation, polarization, and innate immune functions.

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